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| Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
(No. 59) | |
（第五十九号） |
The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, as adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 31, 2012, is hereby issued and shall come into force on January 1, 2013. | |
《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的决定》已由中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2012年8月31日通过，现予公布，自2013年1月1日起施行。 |
President of the People's Republic of China: Hu Jintao | |
中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛 |
August 31, 2012 | |
2012年8月31日 |
Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China | |
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的决定 |
(Adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 31, 2012) | |
（2012年8月31日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过） |
As decided at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China shall be amended as follows: | |
第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议决定对《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》作如下修改： |
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| 1. One paragraph is added to Article 13 as paragraph 1: “In civil procedures, the principle of good faith shall be adhered to.” | | 一、第十三条增加一款，作为第一款：“民事诉讼应当遵循诚实信用原则。” |
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| 2. Article 14 is amended to read: “The people's procuratorates shall have the authority to exercise legal supervision over civil procedures.” | | 二、将第十四条修改为：“人民检察院有权对民事诉讼实行法律监督。” |
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| 3. Article 16 is deleted. | | 三、删去第十六条。 |
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| 4. Article 25 is renumbered as Article 34 and amended to read: “Parties to a dispute over a contract or any other right or interest in property may, by a written agreement, choose the people's court at the place of domicile of the defendant, at the place where the contract is performed or signed, at the place of domicile of the plaintiff, at the place where the subject matter is located or at any other place actually connected to the dispute to have jurisdiction over the dispute, but the provisions of this Law regarding hierarchical jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction shall not be violated.” | | 四、将第二十五条改为第三十四条，修改为：“合同或者其他财产权益纠纷的当事人可以书面协议选择被告住所地、合同履行地、合同签订地、原告住所地、标的物所在地等与争议有实际联系的地点的人民法院管辖，但不得违反本法对级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。” |
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| 5. One article is added as Article 26: “An action instituted for a dispute arising from formation, shareholder eligibility confirmation, profit distribution, dissolution or any other matter of a company shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place of domicile of the company.” | | 五、增加一条，作为第二十六条：“因公司设立、确认股东资格、分配利润、解散等纠纷提起的诉讼，由公司住所地人民法院管辖。” |
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| 6. Article 38 is renumbered as Article 127, and one paragraph is added as paragraph 2: “Where a party raises no objection to jurisdiction and responds to the action by submitting a written statement of defense, the people's court accepting the action shall be deemed to have jurisdiction, unless the provisions regarding hierarchical jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction are violated.” | | 六、将第三十八条改为第一百二十七条，增加一款，作为第二款：“当事人未提出管辖异议，并应诉答辩的，视为受诉人民法院有管辖权，但违反级别管辖和专属管辖规定的除外。” |
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| 7. Article 39 is renumbered as Article 38, and paragraph 1 is amended to read: “A people's court at a higher level shall have the power to try a first instance civil case under the jurisdiction of a people's court at a lower level. If it is necessary to transfer a first instance civil case under its jurisdiction to a people's court at a lower level for trial, a people's court at a higher level shall file a report with its superior for approval of the transfer.” | | 七、将第三十九条改为第三十八条，第一款修改为：“上级人民法院有权审理下级人民法院管辖的第一审民事案件；确有必要将本院管辖的第一审民事案件交下级人民法院审理的，应当报请其上级人民法院批准。” |
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| 8. Article 45 is renumbered as Article 44 and amended to read: “Under any of the following circumstances, a judge shall voluntarily disqualify himself or herself, and a party shall be entitled to request disqualification of such a judge verbally or in writing: | | 八、将第四十五条改为第四十四条，修改为：“审判人员有下列情形之一的，应当自行回避，当事人有权用口头或者书面方式申请他们回避： |
“(1) The judge is a party to a case or is a close relative of a party to a case or a litigation representative thereof. | |
“（一）是本案当事人或者当事人、诉讼代理人近亲属的； |
“(2) The judge is an interested party to a case. | |
“（二）与本案有利害关系的； |
“(3) The judge has any other relationship with a party to a case or a litigation representative thereof, which may affect the impartial trial of the case. | |
“（三）与本案当事人、诉讼代理人有其他关系，可能影响对案件公正审理的。 |
“Where a judge accepts any treat or gift from a party to a case or a litigation representative thereof or meets with a party to a case in violation of legal provisions, a party shall be entitled to require disqualification of such a judge. | |
“审判人员接受当事人、诉讼代理人请客送礼，或者违反规定会见当事人、诉讼代理人的，当事人有权要求他们回避。 |
“A judge who commits any conduct in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to legal liability in accordance with law. | |
“审判人员有前款规定的行为的，应当依法追究法律责任。 |
“The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs shall also apply to court clerks, interpreters, identification or evaluation experts, and surveyors.” | |
“前三款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。” |
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| 9. One article is added as Article 55: “For conduct that pollutes environment, infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of vast consumers or otherwise damages the public interest, an authority or relevant organization as prescribed by law may institute an action in a people's court.” | | 九、增加一条，作为第五十五条：“对污染环境、侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为，法律规定的机关和有关组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼。” |
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| 10. One paragraph is added to Article 56 as paragraph 3: “Where a third party as mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs fails to participate in an action, which is not attributable to the third party's fault, and there is evidence that an effective judgment, ruling or consent judgment is entirely or partially erroneous and causes damage to the third party's civil rights and interests, the third party may, within six months from the day when the third party knows or should have known that the third party's civil rights and interests have been damaged, institute an action in the people's court which entered the judgment, ruling or consent judgment. If, after trial, the third party's claims are supported, the people's court shall modify or revoke the original judgment, ruling or consent judgment; or if the third party's claims are not supported, the claims shall be dismissed.” | | 十、第五十六条增加一款，作为第三款：“前两款规定的第三人，因不能归责于本人的事由未参加诉讼，但有证据证明发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书的部分或者全部内容错误，损害其民事权益的，可以自知道或者应当知道其民事权益受到损害之日起六个月内，向作出该判决、裁定、调解书的人民法院提起诉讼。人民法院经审理，诉讼请求成立的，应当改变或者撤销原判决、裁定、调解书；诉讼请求不成立的，驳回诉讼请求。” |
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| 11. Paragraph 2 of Article 58 is amended to read: “The following persons may serve as a litigation representative: | | 十一、将第五十八条第二款修改为：“下列人员可以被委托为诉讼代理人： |
“(1) A lawyer or legal service worker at the basic level. | |
“（一）律师、基层法律服务工作者； |
“(2) A close relative or staff member of a party. | |
“（二）当事人的近亲属或者工作人员； |
“(3) A citizen recommended by the community of or the entity employing a party or recommended by a relevant social group.” | |
“（三）当事人所在社区、单位以及有关社会团体推荐的公民。” |
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| 12. Article 63 is amended to read: “Evidence includes: | | 十二、将第六十三条修改为：“证据包括： |
“(1) statement of a party; | |
“（一）当事人的陈述； |
“(2) documentary evidence; | |
“（二）书证； |
“(3) physical evidence; | |
“（三）物证； |
“(4) audio-visual recordings; | |
“（四）视听资料； |
“(5) electronic data; | |
“（五）电子数据； |
“(6) witness testimony; | |
“（六）证人证言； |
“(7) expert opinion; and | |
“（七）鉴定意见； |
“(8) transcripts of survey. | |
“（八）勘验笔录。 |
“Evidence must be verified before being used as a basis for deciding a fact.” | |
“证据必须查证属实，才能作为认定事实的根据。” |
Correspondingly, “identification conclusion” in Article 124 and Article 171 is changed into “expert opinion.” | |
相应地将第一百二十四条、第一百七十一条中的“鉴定结论”修改为“鉴定意见”。 |
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| 13. Two articles are added as Article 65 and Article 66: | | 十三、增加二条，作为第六十五条、第六十六条： |
“Article 65 A party shall provide evidence for its claims in a timely manner. | |
“第六十五条 当事人对自己提出的主张应当及时提供证据。 |
“A people's court shall, according to the claims of a party and the circumstances of trial of a case, determine the evidence to be provided by a party and the time limit for provision of evidence. Where it is difficult for a party to provide evidence within the time limit, the party may apply to the people's court for an extension, and the people's court may appropriately extend the time limit upon application of the party. Where a party provides any evidence beyond the time limit, the people's court shall order the party to provide an explanation; and if the party refuses to explain or the party's explanation is not acceptable, the people's court may, according to different circumstances, deem the evidence inadmissible or adopt the evidence but impose an admonition or a fine on the party. | |
“人民法院根据当事人的主张和案件审理情况，确定当事人应当提供的证据及其期限。当事人在该期限内提供证据确有困难的，可以向人民法院申请延长期限，人民法院根据当事人的申请适当延长。当事人逾期提供证据的，人民法院应当责令其说明理由；拒不说明理由或者理由不成立的，人民法院根据不同情形可以不予采纳该证据，或者采纳该证据但予以训诫、罚款。 |
“Article 66 A people's court shall issue receipts for evidentiary materials submitted to the court by a party, indicating the name of evidence, number of pages, number of copies, original or photocopy, time of receipt, and other matters, to which the signatures or seals of the court personnel receiving the same shall be affixed.” | |
“第六十六条 人民法院收到当事人提交的证据材料，应当出具收据，写明证据名称、页数、份数、原件或者复印件以及收到时间等，并由经办人员签名或者盖章。” |
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| 14. Article 67 is renumbered as Article 69 and amended to read: “A people's court shall regard legal facts and documents notarized under statutory procedures as a basis for deciding facts, unless there is any evidence to the contrary which suffices to overturn the notarization.” | | 十四、将第六十七条改为第六十九条，修改为：“经过法定程序公证证明的法律事实和文书，人民法院应当作为认定事实的根据，但有相反证据足以推翻公证证明的除外。” |
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| 15. Article 70 is divided into three articles as Article 72, Article 73 and Article 74 and amended to read: | | 十五、将第七十条改为三条，作为第七十二条、第七十三条、第七十四条，修改为： |
“Article 72 Any entity or individual which knows any circumstances of a case shall have the obligation to testify in court. The person in charge of a relevant entity shall support a witness in testifying. | |
“第七十二条 凡是知道案件情况的单位和个人，都有义务出庭作证。有关单位的负责人应当支持证人作证。 |
“A person who is unable to appropriately express his or her ideas shall not testify. | |
“不能正确表达意思的人，不能作证。 |
“Article 73 Upon notice by a people's court, a witness shall testify in court. Under any of the following circumstances, a witness may testify by written testimony, audio-visual transmission technology, audio-visual recordings or any other means as permitted by a people's court: | |
“第七十三条 经人民法院通知，证人应当出庭作证。有下列情形之一的，经人民法院许可，可以通过书面证言、视听传输技术或者视听资料等方式作证： |
“(1) The witness is unable to appear in court for health reasons. | |
“（一）因健康原因不能出庭的； |
“(2) The witness is unable to appear in court for remote residence and travel difficulty. | |
“（二）因路途遥远，交通不便不能出庭的； |
“(3) The witness is unable to appear in court for a force majeure such as a natural disaster. | |
“（三）因自然灾害等不可抗力不能出庭的； |
“(4) The witness is unable to appear in court for any other justifiable reason. | |
“（四）其他有正当理由不能出庭的。 |
“Article 74 The travel, room and board, and other necessary expenses of a witness for performing his or her obligation of testifying in court, as well as loss of working time, shall be assumed by the losing party. A party which applies for a witness to testify shall advance the same; or if no party applies and the people's court notifies a witness to testify, the people's court shall advance the same.” | |
“第七十四条 证人因履行出庭作证义务而支出的交通、住宿、就餐等必要费用以及误工损失，由败诉一方当事人负担。当事人申请证人作证的，由该当事人先行垫付；当事人没有申请，人民法院通知证人作证的，由人民法院先行垫付。” |
Correspondingly, “will” in Article 62 is changed into “ideas.” | |
相应地将第六十二条中的“意志”修改为“意思”。 |
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| 16. Article 72 is divided into three articles as Article 76, Article 77 and Article 78 and amended to read: | | 十六、将第七十二条改为三条，作为第七十六条、第七十七条、第七十八条，修改为： |
“Article 76 A party may apply to the people's court for identification regarding a specialized issue for ascertaining the facts of a case. Where a party applies for identification, the parties on both sides shall determine a qualified identification expert by consultation; or if such consultation fails, the people's court shall specify one for them. | |
“第七十六条 当事人可以就查明事实的专门性问题向人民法院申请鉴定。当事人申请鉴定的，由双方当事人协商确定具备资格的鉴定人；协商不成的，由人民法院指定。 |
“Where no party applies for identification but the people's court deems it necessary to conduct identification regarding a specialized issue, the people's court shall employ a qualified identification expert to conduct identification. | |
“当事人未申请鉴定，人民法院对专门性问题认为需要鉴定的，应当委托具备资格的鉴定人进行鉴定。 |
“Article 77 An identification expert shall have the right to access the case file needed for conducting identification and, when necessary, may interview a party or a witness. | |
“第七十七条 鉴定人有权了解进行鉴定所需要的案件材料，必要时可以询问当事人、证人。 |
“An identification expert shall issue a written identification opinion and affix his or her signature or seal to the identification document. | |
“鉴定人应当提出书面鉴定意见，在鉴定书上签名或者盖章。 |
“Article 78 Where a party raises any objection to an identification opinion or a people's court deems it necessary to require an identification expert to testify in court, the identification expert shall testify in court. If, upon notice by the people's court, the identification expert refuses to testify in court, the identification opinion shall not be used as a basis for deciding facts; and the party which has paid the identification fees may require that the identification fees be refunded.” | |
“第七十八条 当事人对鉴定意见有异议或者人民法院认为鉴定人有必要出庭的，鉴定人应当出庭作证。经人民法院通知，鉴定人拒不出庭作证的，鉴定意见不得作为认定事实的根据；支付鉴定费用的当事人可以要求返还鉴定费用。” |
One article is added as Article 79: “A party may apply to the people's court for notifying a person with expertise to appear in court to offer an opinion regarding an identification opinion issued by an identification expert or regarding a specialized issue.” | |
增加一条，作为第七十九条：“当事人可以申请人民法院通知有专门知识的人出庭，就鉴定人作出的鉴定意见或者专业问题提出意见。” |
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| 17. Article 74 is renumbered as Article 81 and amended to read: “Where any evidence may be extinguished or may be hard to obtain at a later time, a party may, in the course of an action, apply to the people's court for evidence preservation, and the people's court may also take preservation measures on its own initiative. | | 十七、将第七十四条改为第八十一条，修改为：“在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，当事人可以在诉讼过程中向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。 |
“Where any evidence may be extinguished or may be hard to obtain at a later time, if the circumstances are urgent, an interested party may, before instituting an action or applying for arbitration, apply for evidence preservation to a people's court at the place where the evidence is located or at the place of domicile of the respondent or a people's court having jurisdiction over the case. | |
“因情况紧急，在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，利害关系人可以在提起诉讼或者申请仲裁前向证据所在地、被申请人住所地或者对案件有管辖权的人民法院申请保全证据。 |
“Other procedures for evidence preservation shall be executed by reference to the relevant provisions of Chapter IX of this Law regarding preservation.” | |
“证据保全的其他程序，参照适用本法第九章保全的有关规定。” |
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| 18. Article 79 is renumbered as Article 86 and amended to read: “Where the person to be served refuses to receive or his or her cohabiting adult family member refuses to receive process, the process server may invite the representatives of relevant grassroots organizations or the entity employing the person to be served to be present, provide an explanation on the refusal, record the cause of refusal and date on the service acknowledgement, to which the process server and witnesses shall affix their signatures or seals, and drop process at the domicile of the person to be served; and may also drop process at the domicile of the person to be served and record the service of process by photograph, video and other means, and process shall be deemed served.” | | 十八、将第七十九条改为第八十六条，修改为：“受送达人或者他的同住成年家属拒绝接收诉讼文书的，送达人可以邀请有关基层组织或者所在单位的代表到场，说明情况，在送达回证上记明拒收事由和日期，由送达人、见证人签名或者盖章，把诉讼文书留在受送达人的住所；也可以把诉讼文书留在受送达人的住所，并采用拍照、录像等方式记录送达过程，即视为送达。” |
One article is added as Article 87: “With the consent of the person to be served, a people's court may serve process by fax, email and other means capable of confirming receipt by the person to be served, except a judgment, ruling and consent judgment. | |
增加一条，作为第八十七条：“经受送达人同意，人民法院可以采用传真、电子邮件等能够确认其收悉的方式送达诉讼文书，但判决书、裁定书、调解书除外。 |
“Where a means in the preceding paragraph is adopted, the date when a fax, an email or any other means reaches the specific system of the person to be served shall be the date of service of process.” | |
“采用前款方式送达的，以传真、电子邮件等到达受送达人特定系统的日期为送达日期。” |
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| 19. Article 82 is renumbered as Article 90 and amended to read: “Where the person to be served is incarcerated, process shall be served on the person through the incarceration facility. | | 十九、将第八十二条改为第九十条，修改为：“受送达人被监禁的，通过其所在监所转交。 |
“Where the person to be served is subject to any compulsory correctional measure, process shall be served on the person through the compulsory correctional facility.” | |
“受送达人被采取强制性教育措施的，通过其所在强制性教育机构转交。” |
Correspondingly, item (3) of Article 23 is amended to read: “(3) An action instituted against a person who is subject to any compulsory correctional measure.” | |
相应地将第二十三条第三项修改为：“（三）对被采取强制性教育措施的人提起的诉讼”。 |
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20. “Property preservation” in the title of Chapter IX and in Articles 96, 99, 140 and 256 is changed into “preservation.”
．．．．．． | | 二十、将第九章的章名、第九十六条、第九十九条、第一百四十条、第二百五十六条中的“财产保全”修改为“保全”。
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