| Announcement of the Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院公告 |
| The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases, as adopted at the 1655th Session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on June 23, 2015, are hereby issued, and shall come into force on September 1, 2015. | | 《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》已于2015年6月23日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1655次会议通过，现予公布，自2015年9月1日起施行。 |
| Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院 |
| August 6, 2015 | | 2015年8月6日 |
| Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases | | 最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定 |
| (Adopted at the 1655th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on June 23, 2015, Interpretation No. 18 [2015] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （2015年6月23日最高人民法院审判委员会第1655次会议通过 法释〔2015〕18号） |
| For the correct trial of cases on private lending disputes, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the provisions of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the Property Law of the People's Republic of China, the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China, the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws, and in light of the judicial practice. | | 为正确审理民间借贷纠纷案件，根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》《中华人民共和国物权法》《中华人民共和国担保法》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》等相关法律之规定，结合审判实践，制定本规定。 |
| Article 1 For the purpose of these Provisions, “private lending” means financing among natural persons, legal persons and other organizations. | | 第一条 本规定所称的民间借贷，是指自然人、法人、其他组织之间及其相互之间进行资金融通的行为。 |
| These Provisions shall not apply to the disputes arising from the granting of loans and other relevant financial businesses among financial institutions and their branch offices that are formed with the approval of financial regulatory authorities to engage in the loan business. | | 经金融监管部门批准设立的从事贷款业务的金融机构及其分支机构，因发放贷款等相关金融业务引发的纠纷，不适用本规定。 |
| Article 2 When the lender files a lawsuit with the people's court, the lender shall provide the receipt for a loan, receipt, IOU note, any other certificate of creditor's right, and any other evidence that can prove the existence of the legal relationship of lending. | | 第二条 出借人向人民法院起诉时，应当提供借据、收据、欠条等债权凭证以及其他能够证明借贷法律关系存在的证据。 |
| Where the receipt for a loan, receipt, IOU note, and any other certificate of creditor's right held by a party fails to indicate the creditor and the party holding such certificate of creditor's right files a private lending lawsuit, the people's court shall accept such a lawsuit. Where the defendant makes a defense against the plaintiff's creditor qualification based on facts, and the people's court deems upon trial that the plaintiff is unqualified as the creditor, it shall render a ruling to dismiss the lawsuit. | | 当事人持有的借据、收据、欠条等债权凭证没有载明债权人，持有债权凭证的当事人提起民间借贷诉讼的，人民法院应予受理。被告对原告的债权人资格提出有事实依据的抗辩，人民法院经审理认为原告不具有债权人资格的，裁定驳回起诉。 |
| Article 3 Where the creditor and the debtor fail to agree on or clearly agree on the place of performance of the contract, and fail to reach a supplementary agreement afterwards, and the place cannot be determined based on the relevant clauses of the contract or trading habits, the place where the currency is received shall be the place of performance of the contract. | | 第三条 借贷双方就合同履行地未约定或者约定不明确，事后未达成补充协议，按照合同有关条款或者交易习惯仍不能确定的，以接受货币一方所在地为合同履行地。 |
| Article 4 Where the guarantor provides joint and several liability guarantee for the borrower, and the lender only files a lawsuit against the borrower, the people's court is not required to add the guarantor as the co-defendant; and if the lender only files a lawsuit against the guarantor, the people's court may add the borrower as the co-defendant. | | 第四条 保证人为借款人提供连带责任保证，出借人仅起诉借款人的，人民法院可以不追加保证人为共同被告；出借人仅起诉保证人的，人民法院可以追加借款人为共同被告。 |
| Where the guarantor provides general guarantee to the borrower, and the lender only files a lawsuit against the guarantor, the people's court shall add the borrower as the co-defendant; and if the lender only files a lawsuit against the borrower, the people's court is not required to add the guarantor as the co-defendant. | | 保证人为借款人提供一般保证，出借人仅起诉保证人的，人民法院应当追加借款人为共同被告；出借人仅起诉借款人的，人民法院可以不追加保证人为共同被告。 |
| Article 5 Where the people's court finds after docketing a case that the private lending is suspected of the crime of illegal fundraising, it shall render a ruling to dismiss the lawsuit, and transfer the clues to and materials on the suspected crime of illegal fundraising to the public security authority or the procuratorial authority. | | 第五条 人民法院立案后，发现民间借贷行为本身涉嫌非法集资犯罪的，应当裁定驳回起诉，并将涉嫌非法集资犯罪的线索、材料移送公安或者检察机关。 |
| Where the public security authority or the procuratorial authority decides not to docket the case, or withdraw the case after docketing the case and conducting investigation, or the procuratorial authority makes a decision not to initiate a public prosecution, or the people's court determines through a valid judgment that the crime of illegal fundraising is not constituted, if the party files a lawsuit with the people's court based on the same facts, the people's court shall accept such a lawsuit. | | 公安或者检察机关不予立案，或者立案侦查后撤销案件，或者检察机关作出不起诉决定，或者经人民法院生效判决认定不构成非法集资犯罪，当事人又以同一事实向人民法院提起诉讼的，人民法院应予受理。 |
| Article 6 Where the people's court finds after docketing a case any clue to or material on the suspected crime of illegal fundraising or any other crime which is relevant to a case on private lending disputes but has different facts, the people's court shall continue to try the case on private lending disputes, and transfer the clues to and materials on the suspected crime of illegal fundraising to the public security authority or the procuratorial authority. | | 第六条 人民法院立案后，发现与民间借贷纠纷案件虽有关联但不是同一事实的涉嫌非法集资等犯罪的线索、材料的，人民法院应当继续审理民间借贷纠纷案件，并将涉嫌非法集资等犯罪的线索、材料移送公安或者检察机关。 |
| Article 7 The basic facts of a private lending case must be based on the result of trial of a criminal case, if the trial of the criminal case has not been concluded, the people's court shall render a ruling to suspend the litigation. | | 第七条 民间借贷的基本案件事实必须以刑事案件审理结果为依据，而该刑事案件尚未审结的，人民法院应当裁定中止诉讼。 |
| Article 8 Where the borrower is suspected of any crime or is determined as guilty based on a valid judgment, if the lender files a lawsuit to request the guarantor's assumption of civil liability, the people's court shall accept such a lawsuit. | | 第八条 借款人涉嫌犯罪或者生效判决认定其有罪，出借人起诉请求担保人承担民事责任的，人民法院应予受理。 |
| Article 9 Any of the following circumstances may be deemed as a valid essential element for the validity of a loan contract between natural persons as set forth in Article 210 of the Contract Law: | | 第九条 具有下列情形之一，可以视为具备合同法第二百一十条关于自然人之间借款合同的生效要件： |
| (1) The borrower receives the money where payment is made in cash. | | （一）以现金支付的，自借款人收到借款时； |
| (2) The funds are transferred to the borrower's account where payment is made by bank transfer, online electronic remittance or online loan platform, or any other form. | | （二）以银行转账、网上电子汇款或者通过网络贷款平台等形式支付的，自资金到达借款人账户时； |
| (3) The borrower obtains the right on negotiable instruments in accordance with the law where payment is made by negotiable instruments. | | （三）以票据交付的，自借款人依法取得票据权利时； |
| (4) The borrower obtains the actual right to dispose of the specific fund account if the lender authorizes the borrower to dispose of the account. | | （四）出借人将特定资金账户支配权授权给借款人的，自借款人取得对该账户实际支配权时； |
| (5) The lender actually provides the loan in any other form agreed upon with the borrower. | | （五）出借人以与借款人约定的其他方式提供借款并实际履行完成时。 |
| Article 10 Where a party claims that a private lending contract shall come into force when it is signed, except a loan contract between natural persons, the people's court shall support such a claim, unless it is otherwise agreed upon by the parties or prescribed by any other law or administrative regulation. | | 第十条 除自然人之间的借款合同外，当事人主张民间借贷合同自合同成立时生效的，人民法院应予支持，但当事人另有约定或者法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。 |
| Article 11 Where a party claims the validity of a private lending contract signed as required for production or business operation among legal persons and other organizations, except under the circumstances as set forth in Article 52 of the Contract Law or Article 14 of these Provisions, the people's court shall support such a claim. | | 第十一条 法人之间、其他组织之间以及它们相互之间为生产、经营需要订立的民间借贷合同，除存在合同法第五十二条、本规定第十四条规定的情形外，当事人主张民间借贷合同有效的，人民法院应予支持。 |
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