| National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) | | 国家人权行动计划（2009－2010年） |
Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China | |
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 |
Introduction | |
二○○九年四月·北京 |
| |
|
| I. Guarantee of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | | 目 录 |
| |
导言 |
| (1) Right to work | |
|
| | 一、经济、社会和文化权利保障 |
| (2) Right to basic living conditions | |
|
| | （一） 工作权利 |
| (3) Right to social security | |
|
| | （二） 基本生活水准权利 |
| (4) Right to health | |
|
| | （三） 社会保障权利 |
| (5) Right to education | |
|
| | （四） 健康权利 |
| (6) Cultural rights | |
|
| | （五） 受教育权利 |
| (7) Environmental rights | |
|
| | （六） 文化权利 |
| (8) Safeguarding farmers' rights and interests | |
|
| | （七） 环境权利 |
| (9) Guarantee of human rights in the reconstruction of areas hit by the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province | |
|
| | （八） 农民权益的保障 |
| II. Guarantee of Civil and Political Rights | |
|
| | （九） 四川汶川特大地震灾后重建中的人权保障 |
| (1) Rights of the person | |
|
| | 二、公民权利与政治权利保障 |
| (2) Rights of detainees | |
|
| | （一） 人身权利 |
| (3) The right to a fair trial | |
|
| | （二） 被羁押者的权利 |
| (4) Freedom of religious belief | |
|
| | （三） 获得公正审判的权利 |
| (5) The right to be informed | |
|
| | （四） 宗教信仰自由 |
| (6) The right to participate | |
|
| | （五） 知情权 |
| (7) The right to be heard | |
|
| | （六） 参与权 |
| (8) The right to oversee | |
|
| | （七） 表达权 |
| III. Guarantee of the Rights and Interests of Ethnic Minorities, Women, Children, Elderly People and the Disabled | |
|
| | （八） 监督权 |
| (1) The rights of ethnic minorities | |
|
| | 三、少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利保障 |
| (2) Women's rights | |
|
| | （一） 少数民族权利 |
| (3) Children's rights | |
|
| | （二） 妇女权利 |
| (4) Senior citizens' rights | |
|
| | （三） 儿童权利 |
| (5) The rights of the disabled | |
|
| | （四） 老年人权利 |
| IV. Education in Human Rights | |
|
| | （五） 残疾人权利 |
| V. Performing International Human Rights Duties, and Conducting Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of International Human Rights | |
|
| | 四、人权教育 |
| (1) Fulfillment of international human rights obligations | |
|
| | 五、国际人权义务的履行及国际人权领域交流与合作 |
| (2) Exchanges and cooperation in the field of international human rights | |
|
| | （一） 国际人权义务的履行 |
| Introduction | |
|
The realization of human rights in the broadest sense has been a long-cherished ideal of mankind and also a long-pursued goal of the Chinese government and people. | | （二） 国际人权领域交流与合作 |
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese government, combining the universal principles of human rights and the concrete realities of China, has made unremitting efforts to promote and safeguard human rights. Hence, the fate of the Chinese people has changed fundamentally, and China has achieved historic development in its efforts to safeguard human rights. It is worth mentioning that, since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy at the end of 1978, China has enshrined respect for and protection of human rights in its Constitution as a major principle of government, and has taken effective measures to promote the cause of human rights, while enhancing the material and cultural life of the Chinese people and providing firm guarantees for their political, economic, cultural and social rights. Thus, a new chapter has opened in the history of the development of the cause of human rights in China. | |
|
China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, low per-capita share of resources, underdeveloped productivity and unbalanced economic and cultural development. Having just entered the stage of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization, China is faced with the arduous tasks of reform, development and stabilization. Due to the influences and limitations of nature, history, culture, economic and social development level, and other factors, China still confronts many challenges and has a long road ahead in its efforts to improve its human rights situation. | | 导 言 |
By putting people first, the Chinese government makes sure the constitutional principle that "the state respects and protects the human rights of its citizens" is implemented. While respecting the universal principles of human rights, the Chinese government in the light of the basic realities of China, gives priority to the protection of the people's rights to subsistence and development, and lawfully guarantees the rights of all members of society to equal participation and development on the basis of facilitating sound and rapid economic and social development. In the practice of governance, the Chinese government stands by the principle that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing its fruits, spares no effort to solve the most specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people, promotes social equity and justice, and strives to ensure that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing. The Chinese government persists in ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, expands citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, improves the institutions for democracy, diversifies its forms and expands its channels, carries out democratic election, decision-making, administration and supervision in accordance with the law to guarantee people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee. In addition, the Chinese government advocates strengthening international communication, dialogue and cooperation regarding human rights, collaborating with other countries to accelerate the healthy development of the international cause of human rights, and contributes its share to building a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.(1 more) | |
实现充分的人权是人类长期追求的理想，也是中国人民和中国政府长期为之奋斗的目标。 |
The Chinese government unswervingly pushes forward the cause of human rights in China, and, in response to the United Nations' call for establishing a national human rights action plan, has instituted the National Human Rights Action Plan of China(2009-2010) on the basis of painstakingly summing up past experience and objectively analyzing the current situation. The plan defines the Chinese government's goals in promoting and protecting human rights, and the specific measures it is taking to this end. | |
中华人民共和国成立以来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国政府将人权的普遍性原则与中国的具体国情相结合，为促进和保障人权做出了不懈的努力，中国人民的命运发生了翻天覆地的变化，中国人权事业实现了历史性发展。特别是改革开放以来，中国把尊重和保障人权作为治国理政的重要原则，庄严载入《中华人民共和国宪法》，采取切实有效的措施促进人权事业发展，使中国人民的物质文化生活水平得到大幅提高，政治、经济、文化、社会权利得到切实保障，谱写了中国人权事业发展的新篇章。 |
The plan was framed on the following fundamental principles: First, in pursuit of the basic principles prescribed in the Constitution of China, and the essentials of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the plan is aimed at improving laws and regulations upholding human rights and advancing the cause of China's human rights in accordance with the law; second, adhering to the principle that all kinds of human rights are interdependent and inseparable, the plan encourages the coordinated development of economic, social and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights, and the balanced development of individual and collective rights; third, in the light of practicality and China's reality, the plan ensures the feasibility of the proposed goals and measures, and scientifically promotes the development of the cause of human rights in China. | |
中国是一个拥有13亿人口、人均资源占有率很低、生产力欠发达、经济文化发展不平衡的发展中国家。当前，中国正处于全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的新阶段，改革发展稳定的任务十分繁重。受自然、历史、文化和经济社会发展水平等因素的影响和制约，中国的人权发展还面临诸多挑战，不断推进人权事业发展任重道远。 |
The National Human Rights Action Plan of China(2009-2010) involves broad participation by the relevant government departments and all social sectors. The Chinese government has established the "joint meeting mechanism for the National Human Rights Action Plan" for the purpose of working out a good plan. The Information Office of the State Council and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, two members of the "joint meeting mechanism", take the responsibility of convening meetings. Other members include: Legislative Affairs Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Committee for Social and Legal Affairs of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuratorate, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Health, China Disabled Persons' Federation, and China Society for Human Rights Studies, altogether 53 organizations. | |
中国政府坚持以人为本，落实“国家尊重和保障人权”的宪法原则，既尊重人权普遍性原则，又从基本国情出发，切实把保障人民的生存权、发展权放在保障人权的首要位置，在推动经济社会又好又快发展的基础上，依法保证全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利。中国政府在治国理政中坚持发展为了人民，发展依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享，着力解决好人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，促进社会公平正义，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居；坚持以保证人民当家作主为根本，从各个层次、各个领域扩大公民有序政治参与，健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，拓宽民主渠道，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，着力保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。与此同时，中国政府主张加强国际人权交流、对话与合作，同世界各国一道，共同致力于推动世界人权事业健康发展，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界做出应有的贡献。 |
A group of experts from universities and research institutions, including Nankai University, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shandong University, China University of Political Science and Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing University, Wuhan University, Renmin University of China, and the Central Party School, also participated in the drafting and formulation of the plan. In the drafting and formulation process, joint meetings were held on many occasions to conduct thorough discussions with relevant government departments; several symposia were convened with representation from over 20 organizations, such as China Law Society, All-China Lawyers' Association, China Legal Aid Foundation, China Environmental Protection Foundation, Chinese Society of Education, China Women's Development Foundation, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, China Foundation for Disabled Persons, and China Foundation for Human Rights Development, to solicit suggestions for revisions through thorough discussions among social and non-governmental organizations, universities and research institutions, and other social sectors. | |
中国政府坚定不移地推进中国的人权事业，并响应联合国关于制定国家人权行动计划的倡议，在认真总结经验、客观分析当前实际情况的基础上，制定《国家人权行动计划（2009━2010年）》，明确未来两年中国政府在促进和保护人权方面的工作目标和具体措施。 |
The National Human Rights Action Plan of China(2009-2010) is a document explaining the policy of the Chinese government with regard to the promotion and protection of human rights during the period 2009-2010, covering the political, economic, social and cultural fields. Governments and government departments at all levels shall make the action plan part of their responsibilities, and proactively implement it in line with the principle of "each performing its own functions and sharing out the work and responsibilities." All enterprises, public institutions, social and non-governmental organizations, press and media agencies, and the general public shall give vigorous publicity to this action plan, and expedite its implementation. Initiated by the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the "joint meeting mechanism for the National Human Rights Action Plan," comprising legislative and judicial organs and departments under the State Council, is responsible for coordinating the implementation, supervision and assessment of the plan. | |
制定本行动计划的基本原则是：第一，根据中国宪法的基本原则，遵循《世界人权宣言》和国际人权条约的基本精神，完善保障人权的各项法律法规，依法推进中国人权事业的发展；第二，坚持各类人权相互依赖与不可分割的原则，平衡推进经济、社会和文化权利与公民权利和政治权利的协调发展，促进个人人权和集体人权的均衡发展；第三，从中国的国情出发，本着务实的精神，确保设定的目标和措施切实可行，科学推进中国人权事业的发展。 |
The State Council has approved this action plan and has authorized its Information Office to promulgate it as follows. | |
《国家人权行动计划（2009━2010年）》是在中国政府各有关部门和社会各界广泛参与下制定的。为制定好本行动计划，中国政府专门设立了国家人权行动计划联席会议机制。联席会议机制的牵头单位为国务院新闻办公室和外交部，成员包括全国人大常委会法制工作委员会、全国政协社会和法制委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、国家发展和改革委员会、教育部、国家民族事务委员会、民政部、司法部、人力资源和社会保障部、卫生部、中国残疾人联合会、中国人权研究会等53家单位。同时，邀请了来自南开大学、上海社会科学院、山东大学、中国政法大学、中国社会科学院、北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、中央党校等高校和研究机构的专家组成专家小组参与本计划的起草制定工作。在计划起草制定过程中，多次召开联席会议，与政府各有关部门进行反复研究；多次召开座谈会，邀请中国法学会、中华全国律师协会、中国法律援助基金会、中华环境保护基金会、中国教育学会、中国妇女发展基金会、中国扶贫基金会、中国残疾人福利基金会、中国人权发展基金会等20多个单位参加，广泛征求各社会团体、非政府组织、高等院校、研究机构以及社会各界的意见，反复讨论和修订。 |
| |
《国家人权行动计划（2009━2010年）》是中国政府促进和保障人权的阶段性政策文件，其内容覆盖政治、经济、社会、文化等各个领域。各级政府以及政府各部门将依照“各司其职、分工负责”的原则，将本行动计划纳入本地区和本部门的工作职责积极认真地予以落实。各类企事业单位、社会团体、非政府组织、新闻媒体和社会公众积极参与本行动计划的宣传，参与推动本行动计划的落实。由国务院新闻办公室和外交部牵头、立法和司法机关以及国务院相关职能部门组成的国家人权行动计划联席会议机制，负责统筹协调本行动计划的执行、监督与评估工作。 |
| I. Guarantee of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | |
本计划业经国务院批准，授权国务院新闻办公室予以公布。 |
In 2009 and 2010, the state will take proactive and effective measures to offset the negative impacts of international financial crisis, and ensure the economic, social and cultural rights of all members of society. | |
|
| | 一、经济、社会和文化权利保障 |
| (1) Right to work | |
2009―2010年，国家将采取积极有效的措施，努力克服国际金融危机带来的消极影响，切实保障全体社会成员的经济、社会和文化权利。 |
Efforts will be made to promote employment and re-employment, and guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of workers. | |
|
- Coordinating the rural and urban employment situations in accordance with the Law on Employment Promotion to secure the growth of employment. In 2009 and 2010, an additional 18 million urban workers will be employed and 18 million rural laborers will move to cities or towns and find jobs there. The registered urban unemployment rate will be kept below 5 percent, and the priority is to find employment for college graduates and rural migrant workers. | | （一） 工作权利 |
- Widespread introduction of labor contracts will involve encouraging collective contracts, improving the mechanism of coordination among employers, employees and the government, implementing the minimum salary system and steadily raising workers' salary levels in accordance with the Labor Contract Law. | |
大力促进就业和再就业，保障劳动者的合法权益。 |
- Expanding vocational training to bring the total number of skilled workers to 110 million nationwide, with technicians and senior technicians accounting for 5 percent of all skilled workers and senior workers accounting for 20 percent of all skilled workers. | |
━━落实就业促进法，实现城乡就业统筹，促进就业增长。2009―2010年，新增1800万城镇就业人口，转移1800万农业劳动人口，城镇登记失业率控制在5％以内，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。 |
- Adhering to the principles of "safety first, with focus on prevention and taking comprehensive measures to guarantee production safety," strengthening labor protection, and improving production conditions in accordance with the Law on Safe Production. The goal is to reduce the number of deaths caused by industrial accidents per 100 million yuan GDP by 35 percent compared with the figure for 2005, and the deaths per 100,000 workers in factories, mines and businesses by 25 percent. | |
━━落实劳动合同法，普遍推行劳动合同制度，大力推广集体合同制度，健全劳动关系三方协调机制，全面落实最低工资制度，促进职工工资水平稳步增长。 |
- Solving labor disputes fairly and promptly to promote harmonious and stable labor relations; tightening supervision over salary payment, spreading the practice of employer leaving a deposit in banks to guarantee salary payment, and affixing the legal liability of deliberate default on payment in accordance with the Law on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputes. | |
━━扩大职业培训，全国技能劳动者总数达到1．1亿，其中技师和高级技师占技能劳动者总数的5％，高级工占20％。 |
| |
━━落实安全生产法，坚持“安全第一、预防为主、综合治理”的方针，加强劳动保护，改善生产条件，亿元国内生产总值生产安全事故死亡率比2005年降低35％，工矿商贸就业人员10万人生产安全事故死亡率比2005年降低25％。 |
| (2) Right to basic living conditions | |
━━落实劳动争议调解仲裁法，公正及时解决劳动争议，促进劳动关系和谐稳定。推广工资支付监控和工资保证金制度，依法追究恶意拖欠工资行为的法律责任。 |
Effective measures will continue to steadily raise the incomes of rural and urban residents, especially people with middle- and low-income, and improve the system of subsistence allowances so as to ensure the right of urban and rural residents to a basic standard of living. | |
|
- Raising citizens' incomes so that the average annual disposable income of urban residents will reach 15,781 yuan or more and that rural residents will see their net annual income increase by 6 percent every year from the 4,761 yuan in 2008. | | （二） 基本生活水准权利 |
- Intensifying efforts in poverty-alleviation work so as to smoothly solve the food and clothing problems of the target population as soon as possible, gradually raise their incomes, and help them shed poverty and make good. In this regard, the "Raindrop Program"(Launched in November 2006 by the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, the program is aimed at training and qualifying 5 million young and middle-aged impoverished farmers and 300,000 demobilized soldiers from poverty-stricken areas for jobs elsewhere during the 11th Five-Year Plan period(2006-2010).) will provide pre-employment training for 1 million impoverished laborers and practical skill training for 10 million laborers every year. | |
继续采取有效措施，促进城乡居民特别是中低收入居民收入的逐步增长，完善最低生活保障等制度，努力维护城乡居民获得基本生活水准的权利。 |
- Building more commercial and affordable housing to improve the living conditions of urban families with middle- and low-incomes; improving the low-rent housing program and accelerating the pace to solve the housing problems of the urban poor; and strictly implementing the relevant systems regarding demolition permits, fund supervision, relevant agreements, evaluation, examination and approval of projects to be transferred, housing security, compensation and aid, and public hearings, so as to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of people whose housing is demolished to make way for new construction. | |
━━努力提高国民收入水平，城镇居民年人均可支配收入达到人民币15781元以上，农村居民年人均纯收入在2008年的4761元的基础上，每年实际增长6％左右。 |
- Improving the system of subsistence allowances. The state will revise the Regulations on Basic Living Allowances to Urban Residents, and formulate the Methods on the Measurement and Adjustment of Urban Basic Living Allowances, the Methods of Calculating the Income of Urban Families Entitled to Basic Living Allowances, and the Implementing Methods for the Classification of Urban Basic Living Allowances. It will accelerate the drafting of the Regulations on the Rural Basic Living Allowances to standardize the practices for rural basic living allowances, the screening of the beneficiaries and the classified aid to them, so that those in need will receive the necessary help and the level of allowance will be raised gradually. | |
━━加大扶贫工作力度，尽快稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题，并逐步提高其收入水平，实现脱贫致富。加大“雨露计划”（注1）实施力度，每年完成对100万贫困劳动者的转移技能培训和对1000万劳动者的实用技术培训。 |
| |
━━发展普通商品住房和经济适用住房，改善城市中低收入家庭住房条件；健全廉租房制度，加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难；严格执行拆迁的许可、资金监管、协议、评估、项目转让审批、住房保障、补偿救济和听证等制度，保障被拆迁人的合法权益。 |
| (3) Right to social security | |
━━完善最低生活保障制度。修订《城市居民最低生活保障条例》，研究制定《城市低保标准测算与调整办法》、《城市低保家庭收入核算办法》和《城市低保分类施保实施办法》。推进《农村最低生活保障条例》的制定工作，规范农村最低保障标准、对象审核、分类分档救助等环节，实现应保尽保，逐步提高保障水平。 |
The insurance systems covering basic old-age pension, basic medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity, as well as the social-aid system will be perfected, so as to raise the level of social security. | |
|
- The drafting of provisions supplementary to social security laws and regulations will be speeded up, and relevant system will be established or improved to strengthen the management, use and supervision of social insurance funds. Laws, regulations and policies regarding social insurance funds will be implemented to guarantee the sound management and safety of the funds. | | （三） 社会保障权利 |
- The coverage of various types of social insurance will be expanded. By 2010, the population covered by the urban basic old-age pension insurance is expected to exceed 223 million; that covered by basic medical care insurance, 400 million; that by unemployment insurance, 120 million; that by work-related injury insurance, 140 million; and that by maternity insurance, over 100 million. The population covered by rural social old-age pension insurance and corporate annuity will expand year by year. | |
完善和落实基本养老和基本医疗、失业、工伤、生育保险制度和社会救助制度，提高社会保障水平。 |
- The pooling of social security funds will be raised to higher levels, with the pooling of funds for basic old-age pension insurance being raised to the provincial level while that for medical care, unemployment and work-related injury insurance being raised to the city(prefecture) level. The system of reserve fund for work-related injury insurance will be improved. | |
━━抓紧起草制定与社会保障有关的法律法规的配套规定，建立健全相关制度，加强对社会保险基金的管理、使用和监督，促进社会保险基金法规政策的贯彻落实，确保社会保险基金安全完整。 |
- The system of "Five Guarantees"(Guarantee of food, clothing, housing, medical care, and burial(education) expenses for elderly people, handicapped people and residents under the age of 16 living in the countryside who have lost the ability to work, have no sources of income and have no people to support them.) will be improved. The Methods on the Management of Rural Five-Guarantee Providers, the Standards for Rural Five-Guarantee Services, and the Construction Plan of Rural Five-Guarantee Facilities will be worked out. The "Xiaguang Program"(Launched by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in January 2007, using government investment and welfare lottery funds, this program intends to build and renovate nursing homes for people under the care of the system of Five Guarantees in rural areas in the period 2006-2010.) will be continued to ensure that rural residents under the care of the system of "Five Guarantees" enjoy the average standard of living of local villagers. | |
━━扩大各类社会保险覆盖面。到2010年，城镇基本养老保险参保人数超过2．23亿，基本医疗保险参保人数超过4亿，失业保险参保人数超过1．2亿，工伤保险参保人数超过1．4亿，生育保险参保人数超过1亿。参加农村社会养老保险和企业年金的人数逐年增长。 |
- The system of aid to urban vagrants and beggars will be improved. The state will revise the Measures for Assisting and Managing Urban Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Livelihood, and institute the Regulations on Aid to and Protection of Vagrant Minors, the Service Standards of Assistance and Management Centers, the Service Standards of Assistance and Protection Centers for Vagrant Minors, and other administrative rules and documents. More assistance and protection centers for vagrant children with complete sets of facilities will be constructed in cities at the prefectural level or above, and in key counties and districts. | |
━━提高社会保险统筹层次。基本实现基本养老保险省级统筹，推进医疗、失业和工伤保险市（地）级统筹，完善工伤保险储备金制度。 |
| |
━━完善农村“五保”供养制度（注2）。制定《农村五保供养服务机构管理办法》、《农村五保供养服务标准》和《农村五保供养服务设施建设专项规划》，继续实施“霞光计划”（注3），切实保证农村五保对象达到当地村民平均生活水平。 |
| (4) Right to health | |
━━完善城市流浪乞讨人员的救助制度。修订《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》，制定《流浪未成年人救助保护条例》、《救助管理站服务标准》、《流浪未成年人救助保护机构服务标准》等行政法规和规范性文件。在市（地）级以上城市和重点县区建设一批设施比较完善的流浪未成年人救助保护中心。 |
The basic framework for a basic medical and health system covering the entire nation will be established so as to make China among the countries providing national basic health service. | |
|
- The main goals expected to be reached in 2010 are: average life expectancy, 73 years; infant mortality rate, below 14.9 per thousand; mortality rate of children under five, below 17.7 per thousand; mortality rate of pregnant and lying-in women, below 40 per 100,000; and the free national immunity vaccination program for children, 95 percent in cities and 90 percent in the countryside. | | （四） 健康权利 |
- Expediting the establishment of the basic medical care system. By 2010, the allowances from the budgets of governments at all levels to urban residents covered by medical insurance and rural residents covered by new rural cooperative medical services will be raised to 120 yuan per person annually. By 2011, urban workers' basic medical insurance, urban residents' basic medical insurance and new rural co-operative medical services will spread to cover the entire nation, with the rate of people taking out such insurance policies and of those who participate in rural cooperative medical services both reaching 90 percent or higher. The proportion of in-patient expenses to be reimbursed will be raised gradually, and the proportion and scope of out-patient expenses to be reimbursed will also be expanded. | |
初步建立覆盖全国城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度框架，使中国进入实施全民基本卫生保健国家行列。 |
- Improving basic medical and health services. Within three years, starting in 2009, efforts will be made to support the construction of 2,000 county-level hospitals(including traditional Chinese medicine hospitals), so that every county will have at least one up-to-standard hospital; 3,700 community health service centers and 11,000 community health service stations will be built or renovated in cities. The construction of 29,000 township hospitals planned and financially supported by the central authorities will be completed, as will the renovation or expansion of 5,000 hospitals in key townships, resulting in one to three hospitals for each county. | |
━━2010年预定达到的主要健康指标是：人口平均预期寿命达到73岁，婴儿死亡率控制在14．9‰以内，5岁以下儿童死亡率控制在17．7‰以内，孕产妇死亡率控制在40／10万以内，儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种率城市和农村分别达到95％以上和90％以上。 |
- Promoting equality in right to basic health services. Starting in 2009, a uniform health record for all residents will be established throughout the country. Regular health checkups will be conducted for people over 65 years old, so will be growth tests for infants below the age of three, prenatal examinations and postnatal visits for pregnant women and women who have given birth, and prevention and counseling services for sufferers of high blood pressure, diabetes, mental illnesses, AIDS and tuberculosis. Major public health programs will be carried out to prevent and control tuberculosis and other fatal diseases, spread national immunization, and ensure in-patient delivery of newborns by rural women. Other programs will be carried out to help those below the age of 15 receive Hepatitis B vaccines, eliminate risk posed by coal-burning fluorine poisoning, extract cataracts from poor patients to give back their eyesight, improve rural water and toilet facilities, and provide folic acid to rural women who are going to get pregnant and who are in their early pregnancy to prevent the birth of deformed babies. | |
━━加快推进基本医疗保障制度建设。到2010年，各级财政对城镇居民医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗的补助标准提高到每人每年120元。到2011年，城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗覆盖城乡全体居民，参保（合）率提高到90％以上。逐步提高财政范围内的住院费用报销比例，扩大门诊费用报销范围和比例。 |
- Infectious diseases will be brought under control. Endeavors will be made to strengthen the prevention and treatment of AIDS, and the prevention and control of major infectious diseases. The coverage of direct reporting of infectious disease incidences by medical and health institutions at the county level and above will be 100 percent, and that by those at town and township level will be 80 percent. The completeness and timeliness of such reporting will be 90 percent or above. Planned immunity will be made compulsory; the current zero rate of poliomyelitis will be maintained, and the incidence of the preventable measles will drop by 50 percent compared with the 2007 figure, and incidence of other preventable infectious diseases such as meningitis B, rabies and hemorrhagic fever will drop by 30 percent compared with the 2007 figures. The categories of immunity vaccines under state planning will be expanded, vaccination for rural residents and migrant population will be intensified, with priority being given to newborns, in-school students and other vulnerable persons, and the prevalence of Hepatitis B will be put under effective control. The prevention and treatment of parasitical and other endemic diseases will be tightened, so as to bring all relevant counties(cities and districts) up to the standards of control. | |
━━健全基本医疗卫生服务体系。从2009年起，三年内重点支持约2000所县级医院（含中医院）建设，使每个县至少有1所县级医院基本达到标准化水平；新建、改造3700所城市社区卫生服务中心和1．1万个社区卫生服务站。全面完成中央规划支持的2．9万所乡镇卫生院建设任务，改建扩建5000所中心乡镇卫生院，每个县1―3所。 |
- The Law on Food Safety will be enacted, and systems governing food and medicine production permits, compulsory test, market access, recall, and import and export inspection and quarantine will be put in place, and examination and supervision will be strengthened over the implementation of the Law so as to ensure that the Law is enforced to the letter and our foodstuffs and medicines are safe. | |
━━促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化。从2009年开始，逐步在全国统一建立居民健康档案。定期为65岁以上老年人做健康检查，为3岁以下婴幼儿做生长发育检查，为孕产妇做产前检查和产后访视，为高血压、糖尿病、精神疾病、艾滋病、结核病等人群提供防治指导服务。实施结核病等重大疾病防控、国家免疫规划、农村妇女住院分娩等重大公共卫生项目。开展为15岁以下人群补种乙肝疫苗、消除燃煤型氟中毒危害、贫困白内障患者复明、农村改水改厕以及为预防出生缺陷而进行的农村妇女孕前和孕早期补服叶酸等项目。 |
- Providing safe drinking water for another 60 million rural population in 2009, so as to realize the goal of "halving the proportion of the population unable to sustainably get safe drinking water by 2015" set by the United Nations, ahead of schedule. | |
━━有效控制传染病流行。加大艾滋病防治力度，加强重点传染病的预防控制，县级以上和乡镇医疗卫生机构传染病网络直报覆盖率分别达到100％和80％以上，报告的完整率和及时率达到90％以上。强化计划免疫，保持无脊髓灰质炎状态，麻疹发病率比2007年下降50％，乙脑、狂犬病、出血热等可预防传染病发病率比2007年下降30％。扩大国家免疫规划疫苗种类，落实农村人口和流动人口的预防接种措施，优先保护新生儿和在校生等重点人群，有效遏制乙肝的高流行状态。切实加强对寄生虫病等地方病的防治，力争所有流行县（市、区）都达到控制传播标准。 |
- More community sports facilities will be built for both urban and rural residents. By 2010, such facilities per capita will reach 1.4 sq m, and public sporting facilities in urban neighborhoods and rural towns and villages will be markedly improved. National fitness programs will be further spread, mass sport organizations will be encouraged and the national fitness system will be improved. | |
━━制定出台食品安全法，建立健全与食品、药品相关的生产许可、强制检验、市场准入、召回以及进出口检验检疫等制度，并对贯彻实施情况加强检查监督，确保严格执法，保障食品、药品安全。 |
| |
━━在2009年再解决6000万农村人口的饮水安全问题，提前实现联合国确定的“2015年前无法可持续获得安全饮水人口比例减半”的目标。 |
| (5) Right to education | |
━━加强城乡社区体育设施建设，力争到2010年人均体育场地设施面积达到1．4平方米，城市社区和农村村镇的公共体育设施条件明显改善。广泛开展全民健身运动，健全群众体育组织，完善全民健身体系。 |
Priority will be given to compulsory education and rural education; vocational education will be developed with great efforts, and the quality of higher learning will be enhanced; after-school education will be promoted, so as to guarantee the citizens' right to equal schooling. | |
|
- The Outline of State Medium- and Long-term Program on Education Reform and Development through 2020 will be worked out, and the goals, tasks, and main measures of reform and development will be defined. The final aim is to raise the overall educational level of Chinese citizens. | | （五） 受教育权利 |
- Nine-year compulsory education will be comprehensively implemented to achieve a net enrollment rate of 99 percent in elementary schools, gross enrollment rate of 98 percent in junior high schools, and retention rate of 95 percent for students during three years of junior high school. The efforts to eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people will continue, to cut the illiteracy rate among them to below 4 percent. The state will make sure that almost all the children of migrant workers will receive nine-year compulsory education, that children in medium-sized and large cities and economically developed areas will receive three years of pre-school education, and the number of rural children receiving one-year pre-school education will be in-creased markedly. | |
优先发展义务教育、农村教育，大力发展职业教育，提高高等教育质量，进一步推进校外教育，保障公民平等受教育权利。 |
- The balanced development of compulsory education will be promoted, with emphasis placed on running every school well and caring for the healthy growth of every child. With an active response to the "inclusive education" advocated by the UNESCO, both the physical and the mental health of every child will be stressed. Special attention will be paid to raising the educational quality of rural schools and reforming urban schools that remain weak in teaching. | |
━━制定到2020年的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》，明确教育改革与发展的目标、任务、主要措施，提高公民总体受教育水平。 |
- The progress of rural education will be accelerated. The state will ensure teachers of middle and elementary schools in rural areas receive their salaries in full and on time and the schools' operating outlay is guaranteed. Renovation of the buildings of junior high schools in rural areas in central and western China, and building of clean school campuses in the new countryside will be carried out. Distance-education network of rural schools will be completed. Special programs will continue to attract college graduates to work at rural schools. For instance, they can apply for teaching posts at rural elementary and junior high schools, or volunteer to teach in western China. They may get free enrollment for a master's degree in education if they work for a certain period in rural schools. | |
━━全面普及九年义务教育。小学净入学率保持在99％以上，初中毛入学率达到98％以上，初中三年保留率达到95％。继续扫除青壮年文盲，青壮年文盲率下降到4％以下。流动人口中的儿童基本能接受九年义务教育，大中城市和经济发达地区适龄儿童基本能接受学前3年教育，农村儿童学前1年受教育率有较大提高。 |
- Vocational education will be boosted by building 2,000 key vocational practice bases with complete array of disciplines, good facilities and rich resources that can be shared by all. Support will also be given to the construction of a batch of county-level vocational education centers, secondary vocational schools and 100 model vocational colleges. | |
━━积极推进义务教育均衡发展。将义务教育的重点放在办好每一所学校和关注每一个孩子的健康成长上，积极回应联合国教科文组织大力倡导的“全纳教育”理念，关注每一个孩子身心的健康成长，把提高农村学校教育质量和改造城镇薄弱学校放在重要的位置。 |
- The central government has appropriated special funds for the project of improving the quality of undergraduate teaching and reform at institutions of higher learning. The 211 Program(This is a program of the Chinese government to give priority to the building of 100 key institutions of higher learning and a batch of key branches of learning in the 21st century.) and the 985 Program(Launched by the Ministry of Education in May 1998, the program aimed at building a number of world-class universities and some universities with advanced international level that are well-known in the world.) will continue to quicken the construction of high-level universities. | |
━━加快发展农村教育事业。落实农村中小学教师工资和办学经费保障机制，实施中西部农村初中校舍改造工程和新农村卫生校园建设工程，基本建成农村学校远程教育网络。实施农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划、农村学校教育硕士师资培养计划、大学生志愿服务西部计划。 |
- After-school education will be expanded. In 2009 and 2010, the central government will pool 3 billion yuan of lottery earnings to support the building and operation of after-school facilities, and by 2010 every county(district) across the country will have one venue for after-school activities to guarantee the right of minors to after-school education. | |
━━加快发展职业教育。建设2000个专业门类齐全、装备水平较高、优质资源共享的职业教育重点专业实训基地，扶持建设一批县级职业教育中心、中等职业学校和100所示范性高等职业院校。 |
- The system of assistance to poor students will be improved by increasing budget inputs, implementing all policies concerning financial aid to such students, expanding the assistance coverage and raising the level of assistance. | |
━━中央政府投入专项资金实施“高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程”。继续实施“211工程”（注4）和“985工程”（注5），加快推进高水平大学建设。 |
| |
━━加快校外教育发展。2009―2010年，中央政府将筹集彩票公益金30亿元，用于支持校外活动场所的建设和运营，力争到2010年实现全国每个县（区）都有一所校外活动场所的目标，保障未成年人享受校外教育的权利。 |
| (6) Cultural rights | |
━━进一步建立健全家庭经济困难学生资助体系。加大财政投入，落实各项助学政策，扩大受助学生覆盖面，提高资助水平。 |
Effective measures will be taken to promote cultural undertakings and guarantee the citizens' basic cultural rights. | |
|
- Building a public cultural service system. A network of public cultural service facilities covering both urban and rural areas will be basically completed, which ensures that there are large theaters, public libraries, museums, art galleries, cinemas and mass-culture centers in all major cities; cultural centers, libraries and cinemas in counties(cities); cultural activity halls in rural administrative villages; and cultural centers in urban communities. In the central and western regions, 26,700 all-inclusive cultural stations will be built, rebuilt or expanded; and some 70,000 farmers' reading rooms will be set up every year. By the end of 2010, the number of farmers' reading rooms across the country will reach 237,000. A digital cultural service system covering urban and rural areas will be built with 1.115 billion yuan of state investment. | | （六） 文化权利 |
- Fulfilling the target set for the national cultural resources sharing project in the 11th Five-year Plan. By the end of 2010, the 100TB digital resources construction task will be finished, with a branch center in each county and a grassroots service center in every village. | |
采取有力措施，发展繁荣文化事业，保障公民基本文化权益。 |
- Overall promotion of digitalized movie, radio and TV service. The national surface digital television broadcasting network, satellite live broadcasting system and mobile multimedia broadcasting system will be established and integrated, forming a vast content resource management system and an information integration, distribution and exchange platform, as well as a platform for integrating digital film programs. Mobile digital film projection in rural areas will also be promoted. | |
━━建设公共文化服务体系。基本建成覆盖城乡的公共文化服务设施网络，实现大城市和中心城市有大剧院、公共图书馆、博物馆、美术馆、电影院、群众艺术馆，县（市）有文化馆、图书馆、电影院，行政村有文化活动室，社区有文化中心。在中西部地区新建、改扩建2．67万个综合文化站。每年建设农家书屋7万家左右，到2010年底，全国共建设农家书屋23．7万余家。国家财政投入11．15亿元，建成覆盖城乡的数字文化服务体系。 |
- Implementing major culture industry projects strategy to expedite the construction of culture industry bases and regional culture industry groups with special characteristics. The growth of key culture industry enterprises and strategic investors will be promoted, encouraging non-public capital to enter culture industries permitted by current policies and promoting the development of private artistic performance troupes. Intermediary culture agencies, such as artistic performance agencies, intangible assets evaluation agencies and information and consultation agencies, will be developed in accordance with the law. | |
━━实现全国文化信息资源共享工程“十一五”建设目标。到2010年底，实现县县建有支中心、村村建有基层服务点，完成100ＴＢ数字资源建设任务。 |
- Encouraging cultural creativity and popularization. A special fund for cultural development and a special fund for the creation and performance of excellent theatrical programs will be established to support the creation of new programs in traditional operas as well as their training of performers and charity performances, and to boost cultural and artistic activities for the purpose of public welfare or as a demonstration. State-run art troupes are encouraged to perform at community-level venues. In 2009 and 2010, the state will invest 100 million yuan to provide some 300 mobile stages for art troupes and other grassroots cultural establishments so that they can easily and regularly go to the countryside to stage performances. The government will appropriate 3.4 billion yuan, using live satellite broadcasting technology, to make radio and TV broadcasting available in 716,600 villages each with at least 20 households where electricity is available by the end of 2010. The fund will also help bring digital film projection to rural areas throughout the country, one showing per month in each village. | |
━━全面推进广播影视数字化。构建全国地面数字电视覆盖网、卫星直播及移动多媒体广播系统，推进“三网融合”，构建海量内容资源管理系统和内容集成分发交换平台，建立电影数字节目集成等平台，推进农村流动数字放映进程。 |
- Continuously making museums and patriotic education bases open to the public free of charge, and conducting studies for formulating laws and instituting systems regarding the guarantee of cultural undertakings of a public welfare nature. | |
━━实施重大文化产业项目带动战略。加快文化产业基地和区域性特色文化产业群建设，培育文化产业骨干企业和战略投资者，鼓励非公有资本进入政策许可的文化产业领域，鼓励民营文艺表演团体发展，依法发展文艺经纪代理、无形资产评估鉴定、信息咨询等中介服务机构。 |
- Intensifying efforts in the protection of intellectual property rights and punishing all infringements of IPR in accordance with the law to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of IPR holders. A public patent search and service platform will be put in place. | |
━━鼓励支持文化创造和普及。设立文化发展专项资金和优秀剧节目创作演出专项资金，扶持传统剧种新剧目的创作、人才培养及公益演出，扶持公益性、示范性文化艺术活动。鼓励国有文艺表演团体深入基层演出，2009―2010年，国家财政投入1亿元，为剧团等基层文化机构配备流动舞台车300辆左右，开展流动文化服务，使文化下乡活动小型化、经常化。国家安排资金34亿元，运用卫星直播技术，到2010年底实现71．66万个20户以上已通电自然村通广播电视，基本实现全国农村电影数字化放映，一村一月放映一场。 |
| |
━━继续推动博物馆和爱国主义教育基地向公众免费开放，研究建立有关公益性文化事业保障的法律制度。 |
| (7) Environmental rights | |
━━加大知识产权保护力度。依法惩处各种侵权行为，维护知识产权人的合法权益。初步建成服务公众的专利检索与服务平台。 |
Upholding the principle of harmonious development between man and nature and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources, China will take an active part in international cooperation in an effort to create an environment favorable for human existence and sustainable development and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society to guarantee the public's environmental rights. | |
|
- By the year 2010, the emission of sulfur dioxide and the amount of chemical oxygen demand will be brought under control; the environment quality in major areas and cities will be improved and the deterioration of the ecological environment will be basically checked; and the environment is safe from nuclear and radiation hazard. In 2010, the amount of chemical oxygen demand and the emission of sulfur dioxide will be 10 percent lower than those in 2005, and the percentage of poor-quality surface water areas of Level V under the state's water-monitoring standards will be down by 4.1 percentage points from that of 2005. Meanwhile, the percentage of areas in the seven major water systems categorized as higher than Level III will increase by 2 percentage points, and the percentage of days in a year surpassing 292 days with better than Level-II air quality in major cities will be up by 5.6 percentage points. | | （七） 环境权利 |
- Implementing the National Environment and Health Action Plan(2007-2015) by improving the legal, management, and scientific and technological support systems related to the environment and health to limit the impact of hazardous environmental factors on health, reduce the occurrence of environment-related diseases to safeguard the public health. This will help realize the compulsory targets for environmental protection set in the Outline of the 11th Five-year Plan and the UN Millennium Development Goals. | |
坚持人与自然和谐发展的方针，合理开发利用自然资源，积极参与国际合作，创造有益于人类生存和持续发展的环境，努力建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，保障公众环境权益。 |
- Strengthening the rule of law in the sphere of environmental protection to safeguard the public's environmental rights and interests. Special actions will be taken to protect public health by intensifying monitoring over and punishing enterprises that discharge pollutants against the law, and by investigating and severely punishing acts and cases of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection. Environmental safety checkups will be conducted continuously, focusing on enterprises in the petroleum, chemical and smelting industries located by rivers and in densely populated areas to eliminate potential risk factors that threaten the environment. Supervision and management of dangerous chemicals, dangerous wastes and radioactive wastes will be strengthened to ward off environment-related risks. To promote open government administration, China practices the system of publicizing state policies, laws, regulations and project approvals, as well as releasing information on the handling of cases related to environmental protection. The work of handling public complaints and petitions will be improved to bring the role of the "12369" environmental protection hotline into full play, and to widen and smooth out the channels for people to report and complain to the government. | |
━━到2010年，二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放得到控制，重点地区和城市的环境质量有所改善，生态环境恶化趋势基本遏制，确保核与辐射环境安全。2010年，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量比2005年下降10％，地表水国控断面劣Ⅴ类水质的比例比2005年下降4．1个百分点，七大水系国控断面好于Ⅲ类的比例提高2个百分点，重点城市空气质量好于Ⅱ级标准的天数超过292天的比例提高5．6个百分点。 |
- Doing all we can to make the ratio of energy consumption per GDP unit in 2010 around 20 percent lower than that in 2005. | |
━━落实《国家环境与健康行动计划（2007―2015）》，完善环境与健康工作的法律、管理和科技支撑体系，控制有害环境因素及其对健康的影响，减少环境相关性疾病发生，维护公众健康，促进国家“十一五”规划纲要中提出的环保约束性指标和联合国千年发展目标的实现。 |
- Developing renewable energy resources, and working toward the goal of increasing their consumption to 10 percent of the total energy consumption by 2010.
．．．．．． | |
━━强化环境法治，维护公众环境权益。深入开展整治违法排污企业，保障群众健康专项行动，严厉查处环境违法行为和案件。持续开展环境安全检查，重点排查沿江沿河和人口密集区的石油、化工、冶炼等企业，努力消除环境隐患。加强危险化学品、危险废物、放射性废物监管，防范环境风险。推行政务公开，实行环境保护政策法规、项目审批、案件处理等政务公告公示制度。加强信访工作，充分发挥12369环保热线作用，拓宽和畅通群众举报投诉渠道。
．．．．．． |
|
Dear visitor, as a premium member of this database, you will get complete access to all content.Please go premium and get more.
1. To become a premium member, please call 400-810-8266 Ext. 171.
2. Binding to the account with access to this database.
3. Apply for a trial account.
4. To get instant access to a document, you can Pay Amount 【￥2200.00】 for your single purchase. | |
您好：您现在要进入的是北大法宝英文库会员专区。
如您是我们英文用户可直接 登录，进入会员专区查询您所需要的信息；如您还不是我们 的英文用户；您可通过网上支付进行单篇购买，支付成功后即可立即查看本篇内容。
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail:info@chinalawinfo.com
|
| | | |
| | | |