The United States' Global Surveillance Record | | 美国全球监听行动纪录 |
| (Internet Media Research Center The People's Republic of China May 26, 2014) | | （互联网新闻研究中心 2014年5月26日） |
| Contents | | 目录 |
Foreword | | 导言 |
| I. The United States conducts widespread secret surveillance across the globe | | 一、美国在全球范围广泛从事秘密监听 |
| II. The United States sets China as the main target of its secret surveillance | | 二、美国把中国当成秘密监听的主要目标 |
| III.The United States' unscrupulous secret surveillance programs | | 三、美国秘密监听不择手段 |
| IV. The United States' global surveillance program hit by worldwide criticism | | 四、美国全球监听受到广泛批评 |
| Foreword | | 导言 |
| In June, 2013, the media in the UK, the United States and China's Hong Kong exposed the National Security Agency's clandestine surveillance program, codenamed PRISM, using documents released by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. The leaked information provoked shock and outrage. Subsequently, an investigation carried out by relevant Chinese authorities over several months confirmed the existence of snooping activities directed against China. | | 2013年6月，英国、美国和中国香港媒体相继根据美国国家安全局前雇员爱德华·斯诺登提供的文件，报道了美国国家安全局代号为“棱镜”的秘密项目，内容触目惊心。中国有关部门经过了几个月的查证，发现针对中国的窃密行为的内容基本属实。 |
| As a superpower, the United States takes advantage of its political, economic, military and technological hegemony to unscrupulously monitor other countries, including its allies. The United States' spying operations have gone far beyond the legal rationale of "anti-terrorism" and have exposed its ugly face of pursuing self-interest in complete disregard of moral integrity. These operations have flagrantly breached International laws, seriously infringed upon the human rights and put global cyber security under threat. They deserve to be rejected and condemned by the whole world. | | 作为超级大国，美国利用自己在政治、经济、军事和技术等领域的霸权，肆无忌惮地对包括盟友在内的其他国家进行监听，这种行为的实质早已超出了“反恐”的需要，显示出其为了利益完全不讲道义的丑陋一面。这种行为悍然违反国际法，严重侵犯人权，危害全球网络安全，应当受到全世界的共同抵制和谴责。 |
| The U.S. secret surveillance activities directed against China and other nations include: | | 美国对全球和中国进行秘密监听的行径包括： |
| -- Collecting nearly 5 billion mobile phone call records across the globe every day | | ——每天收集全球各地近50亿条移动电话纪录。 |
| -- Spying over German Chancellor Angela Merkel's cell phone for more than 10 years | | ——窥探德国现任总理默克尔手机长达十多年。 |
| -- Plugging into the main communication networks between Yahoo's and Google's overseas data centers, and stealing data of hundreds of millions of customers | | ——秘密侵入雅虎、谷歌在各国数据中心之间的主要通信网络，窃取了数以亿计的用户信息。 |
| -- Monitoring mobile phone apps for years and grabbing private data | | ——多年来一直监控手机应用程序，抓取个人数据。 |
| -- Waging large-scale cyber attacks against China, with both Chinese leaders and the telecom giant Huawei as targets | | ——针对中国进行大规模网络进攻，并把中国领导人和华为公司列为目标。 |
| Targets of U.S. surveillance include the Chinese government and Chinese leaders, Chinese companies, scientific research institutes, ordinary netizens, and a large number of cell phone users. China sticks to the path of peaceful development, and sees no justification for being targeted by America's secret surveillance under the guise of fighting terrorism. | | 美国的监听行动，涉及到中国政府和领导人、中资企业、科研机构、普通网民、广大手机用户等等。中国坚持走和平发展道路，没有任何理由成为美国打着“反恐”旗号进行的秘密监听的目标。 |
| America must explain its surveillance activities, cease spying operations that seriously infringe upon human rights and stop creating tension and hostility in global cyber space. | | 美国必须就其监听行动作出解释，必须停止这种严重侵犯人权的行为，停止在全球网络空间制造紧张和敌意。 |
| I. The United States conducts widespread secret surveillance across the globe | | 一、美国在全球范围广泛从事秘密监听 |
| 1. The United States eavesdrops on world leaders | | 1.美国监听世界政要 |
| At the end of 2013, The Guardian reported that as many as 35 leaders were on the NSA surveillance list, including United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. | | 2013年底，英国《卫报》报道，包含联合国秘书长潘基文、德国总理默克尔、巴西总统罗塞夫等多达35国领导人都出现在美国国家安全局的监听名单上。 |
| On March 29 this year, the German news magazine Der Spiegel, citing a secret document from Snowden, revealed that 122 world leaders were under NSA surveillance in 2009, and the agency built a secret database on world leaders which contains 300 reports on Merkel. The list is in alphabetical order by first name, starting from "A," with the then prime minister of Malaysia Abdullah Badawi heading the list and Merkel sitting at the 9th spot in the "A" zone. The last on the list was Yulia Tymoshenko, who was then prime minister of Ukraine. | | 德国《明镜》周刊今年3月29日援引斯诺登提供的文件披露，美国国家安全局2009年针对122名外国领导人实施监控，并建有一个专门存放外国领导人信息的数据库，其中关于德国总理默克尔的报告就有300份。名单从“A”开始，按每人名字的首字母顺序排列，第一位是时任马来西亚总理阿卜杜拉·巴达维，默克尔排在“A”区的第九位。122人名单的最后一位是尤利娅·季莫申科，时任乌克兰总理。 |
| According to Spiegel Online, the NSA spied on UN headquarters and the EU mission to the UN. The surveillance covers politics, the economy and commerce. | | 德国“明镜在线”报道，联合国总部、欧盟常驻联合国代表团都在美国国家安全局的监听范围之内，监听内容涉及政治、经济、商业等领域。 |
| In the summer of 2012, the NSA succeeded in breaking into the UN video conference system and cracking its encrypted system. "The data traffic gives us internal video teleconferences of the United Nations," Der Spiegel quoted one document as saying. | | 美国国家安全局2012年夏季成功侵入了联合国总部的内部视频电话会议设备，并破解了加密系统。被曝光的秘密文件说，“数据传输给我们送来了联合国内部视频电话会议。” |
| According to the New York Times, in May 2010, when the United Nations Security Council was considering whether or not to give sanctions against Iran over its nuclear program, several members were swinging. Susan Rice, then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, asked the NSA for help "so that she could develop a strategy." The NSA swiftly drew up the paperwork to obtain legal approval for spying on the diplomats of four Security Council members. | | 美国《纽约时报》报道，2010年5月，当联合国安理会考虑是否要因为伊朗的核计划而制裁该国的时候，数个理事国的投票意向悬而未决。当时的美国驻联合国大使苏珊·赖斯请求美国国家安全局的协助，“以便她制定应对策略”。美国国家安全局很快起草出了监控四个理事国外交官所需的法律文件。 |
| According to documents leaked by Snowden, the NSA has spied on delegations from and embassies of Brazil, Bulgaria, Columbia, the European Union, France, Georgia, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Venezuela and Vietnam, among others. | | 根据斯诺登曝光的文件，美国国家安全局已经渗透的使馆与使团名单包括巴西、保加利亚、哥伦比亚、欧盟、法国、格鲁吉亚、希腊、印度、意大利、日本、墨西哥、斯洛文尼亚、南非、韩国、委内瑞拉和越南。 |
| Apart from the UN Headquarters, the information technology infrastructure and servers of the EU and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have also been grasped by the U.S. . When the EU moved its UN office, the U.S. relocated its bugs. | | 除了联合国总部，欧盟和国际原子能机构的IT基础设施和服务器信息已被美国掌握。欧盟驻联合国机构变换了办公地点，搬进新的办公室后，美国仍在继续其窃听行为。 |
| A document released by Snowden to the Guardian reveals that American spies based in North Yorkshire in the UK intercepted the top-secret communications of then Russian President Dmitry Medvedev at the 2009 G20 Summit. This was just hours after Obama and Medvedev reached a consensus to build mutual trust during their talks. | | 斯诺登提供给英国《卫报》的一份文件显示，美方设于英国北约克郡一处情报分支机构在2009年的20国集团峰会上监听俄罗斯时任总统梅德韦杰夫与国内的卫星通话。这次监听的时间是梅德韦杰夫与美国总统奥巴马举行会谈后数小时，两人在会谈中刚刚就建立互信达成共识。 |
| A classified document dated June 2012 shows that then Mexican presidential candidate Enrique Pena Nieto's emails about naming some cabinet members were read by the NSA. The U.S. secret service also monitored the communications of Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff and used a special software to track her emails and online chat. | | 一份日期标注为2012年6月的机密文件显示，当时还是墨西哥总统候选人的培尼亚的电子邮件曾被美国国家安全局秘密窃取，其内容包括了培尼亚准备提名的部分内阁成员等。美国国家安全局在窃取巴西总统罗塞夫的通讯资料时，使用了一种特殊的电脑程序，可以拦截电子邮件及网络聊天的内容。 |
| Australian spy agency the Defense Signals Directorate worked alongside the NSA in mounting a massive surveillance operation on Indonesia during the UN climate change conference in Bali in 2007. | | 在2007年联合国气候变化大会上，澳大利亚情报机构国防情报局同美国国家安全局对印尼开展了大规模的监听活动。 |
| During the G20 Summit in Toronto in June 2010, the NSA ran a six-day spying operation at the U.S. embassy in Canada. | | 2010年6月G20峰会在多伦多召开时，美国国家安全局进行了为期六天的间谍活动，美国驻加拿大使馆当时则变身为安全指挥部。 |
| Leaked documents also show that Japan, Brazil and Iraq are key intelligence targets of U.S. eavesdroppers for their "economic stability and impact" mission. For the "emerging strategic technologies" mission, Russia is a focus, along with India, Germany, France, South Korea, Israel, Singapore, Sweden and Japan. China, Germany, France, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Japan and another 10 countries, plus the UN, are listed as key targets of the "foreign policy" mission. | | 曝光文件还显示，日本与巴西、伊拉克被共同列为美国“经济稳定与影响”领域的重点监控国。此外，“最新战略科学技术”领域的重点监控对象包括俄罗斯、印度、德国、法国、韩国、以色列、新加坡、瑞典及日本；“外交政策”领域包括中国、德国、法国、俄罗斯、伊朗、朝鲜及日本等17国及联合国。 |
| The New York Times concluded that the NSA "spies routinely on friends as well as foes" to achieve "diplomatic advantage over such allies as France and Germany" and "economic advantage over Japan and Brazil." | | 《纽约时报》总结说，美国国家安全局之所以“敌友不分地进行日常监控”，是为达成“对法德等同盟国的外交优先地位”和“对日本及巴西的经济优先地位”。 |
| 2. The United States spies on the public all over the world | | 2.美国监控全球民众 |
| The U.S. surveillance on the Internet is so massive that it is able to monitor nearly everything a targeted user does on the Internet. According to the Guardian, American intelligence uses a secret surveillance system known as XKeyscore, comprising 500 servers distributed around the world, to mine intelligence from the Internet. Leaked documents boast that XKeyscore is the NSA's "widest reaching" system covering "nearly everything a typical user does on the Internet." | | 美国专门监控互联网的项目非常庞大，可以监控某个目标网民的几乎所有互联网活动。英国《卫报》披露，美国情报人员利用名为“XKeyscore”的项目监控互联网活动。该项目在全球多处配备500个服务器。这家报纸评价其是美国国家安全局“最庞大”监控项目，称情报人员“可以监控某个目标网民的几乎所有互联网活动”。 |
| Documents released by Snowden show that the NSA gathers around 5 billion records each day on the whereabouts of cell phones and these records comprise a vast database of information. Also, the NSA collected about 2 billion cell phone text messages each day from around the world. | | 斯诺登曝光的文件显示，美国国家安全局通过接入全球移动网络，每天收集全球高达近50亿份手机通话的位置纪录，并汇聚成庞大数据库。美国国家安全局大规模搜集全球手机短信息，每天收集大约20亿条。 |
| Some U.S. media have remarked that intercepting suspects' telephones to obtain information is nothing new, but collecting such vast amount of intelligence overseas is astonishing. | | 一些美国媒体认为，美情报机构对嫌疑人相关电话进行窃听以掌握情报并非新闻，但涉及国外如此海量信息的收集相当不可思议。 |
| The Washington Post reported that the NSA secretly broke into the main communication links that connect Yahoo and Google's respective data centers around the world. By tapping these links, the agency positioned itself to collect data at will from hundreds of millions of user accounts. By analyzing the data, the NSA can discover who sent or received emails, when and where, as well as email contents, including audio and video as well as text. | | 据《华盛顿邮报》报道，美国国家安全局曾秘密侵入雅虎、谷歌在各国数据中心之间的主要通信网络，窃取了数以亿计的用户信息，并且保留了大量数据。通过分析这些数据，美国国家安全局可以获悉这些通讯纪录的发出者、接受者以及双方通讯的时间、地点等信息。 |
| According to the Brazilian website Fantastico, the NSA has carried out so-called Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks using fake security certificates to pose as a legitimate web service, bypass browser security settings, and intercept data that unsuspecting persons are attempting to send to that service. Google is among the services the NSA has impersonated. | | 巴西网站Fantastico报道称，美国国家安全局采用MITM攻击方式，通过虚假的安全认证伪装成合法网站，以绕过浏览器的安全防护并截取用户数据。美国国家安全局曾通过这一方式伪装成谷歌网站成功获取用户数据。 |
| The Guardian has revealed that the NSA routinely shares raw intelligence data with Israel without first sifting it to remove information about U.S. citizens. This is despite of earlier promises by the Obama administration to rigorously protect the privacy of innocent U.S. citizens caught in the dragnet. | | 英国《卫报》披露美国国家安全局与以色列共享原始监听数据，且可能包括美国公民的邮件和其他数据，而此前美国总统奥巴马坚称不会把监听目标锁定在美国公民身上。 |
| On Dec. 31, 2013, the German news magazine Der Spiegel quoted NSA papers describing how the agency collected sensitive data from Sea-Me-We 4, the key undersea telecommunication cable system linking Europe and Asia, as well as its plans to continue eavesdropping on other undersea cables. | | 2013年12月31日，德国《明镜》周刊消息称，美国国家安全局非法获取欧洲和亚洲之间最大的海底通讯电缆网络——SEA－ME－WE－4的数据，取得大量敏感资料，并计划继续监听其他海底通讯电缆。 |
| The French daily Le Monde reported that the U.S. spy agency tapped more than 70.3 million phone calls made in France between December 10, 2012, and January 8, 2013. | | 法国《世界报》报道称，美国国家安全局曾在2012年12月10日至2013年1月8日期间，监听法国民众7030万通电话交谈。 |
| In an internal NSA document, smart phone operating systems such as iOS and Android are described as the "gold nugget of data resources." The NSA and the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) have been collaborating on mobile phone surveillance since 2007, when the budget of the NSA was increased from 204 million U.S. dollars to 767 million U.S. dollars, allowing the agency to dig even deeper. | | 苹果和安卓手机操作系统在美国国家安全局内部被称作“数据资源的金矿”，美英情报部门2007年就已合作监控手机应用程序，美国国家安全局一度将这方面的预算从2.04亿美元追加到7.67亿美元。 |
| The Guardian and the New York Times have reported that the NSA targets smartphone apps to fish for users' personal data such as age, nationality and location (based on GPS). The apps under surveillance include the popular game Angry Birds, Google Maps, Facebook, Twitter and the photo-sharing site Flickr. | | 据英国《卫报》、美国《纽约时报》报道，美国国家安全局多年来一直从移动设备应用程序（App）中抓取个人数据，包括个人用户的位置数据（基于GPS）、种族、年龄和其他个人资料。这些应用程序包括手机游戏“愤怒的小鸟”、应用程序“谷歌地图”以及“脸谱”、推特和网络相册Flickr的手机客户端。 |
| The NSA has planted backdoor software in around 100,000 computers worldwide since 2008, giving it the capability to monitor them around the clock, as well as launch attacks. The agency can access and control these computers using radio waves even if they are not connected to a network. | | 美国国家安全局至少于2008年起，向全球近10万台计算机植入专门软件，旨在时刻监控或攻击目标计算机，即使计算机没有连接上网，美国国家安全局仍可通过无线电波入侵。 |
| Since 2010, the NSA has been snooping on U.S. citizens to "analyze their social connectivity, to identify private information such as the users' associates, their location at a certain point of time, and their travelling companions." | | 自2010年起，美国国家安全局用收集到的资料，分析部分美国公民的“社交连结，辨识他们来往对象、某个特定时间的所在地点、与谁出游等私人信息”。 |
| All of the NSA's surveillance activities have been conducted in secrecy, following a secret U.S. government decision to loosen restrictions on surveillance and bypass deliberation or discussion by the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. A memorandum filed by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) in 2006 warned about the possible abuse of surveillance. | | 美国国家安全局所有的监控行为都是暗中操作，而政府也是秘密决定放开对监控的限制，并未通过国家情报法院的审定或者公开的讨论。根据2006年美国司法部的备忘录，该部曾对滥用情报监控进行过警告。 |
| The NSA applies sophisticated analytical techniques to identify what it calls "co-travelers," i.e. unknown associates of known targets. This project allows the NSA to explore the social links of known targets. The location and time of their activities can be extracted in under an hour from a vast database of information. Associates of known targets become the NSA's new targets. | | 通过一项名为“共同旅行分析”的项目，美国国家安全局在收集“目标人物”相关信息纪录基础上，通过已知“目标人物”的活动发现其未知社会联系，并在一小时内在海量信息中得出“目标人物”活动时间、地点等完整情报。与“目标人物”有过联系的人将可能成为美国国家安全局新的“目标人物”。 |
| U.S. government officials have argued that these massive surveillance operations are legal and do not target U.S. citizens, but U.S. citizens travelling abroad are nevertheless subject to eavesdropping. U.S. media have also reported that the NSA carried out a pilot project to collect huge amounts of mobile phone location data within the United States during 2010 and 2011. | | 美国官员辩称，这一大规模监听活动是合法的，不针对美国国内民众，但事实上，被窃听者包括许多到国外旅行的美国人。美国媒体报道说，美国国家安全局于2010年和2011年进行了一项有关大规模收集美国国内移动电话位置的试验项目。 |
| In April 2013, Frank La Rue, UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, said in his report to the Human Rights Council that the United States, by renewing the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, had empowered the U.S. government to "conduct surveillance of non-American persons located outside the United States including any foreign individual whose communications are hosted by cloud services located in the United States." | | 2013年4月，联合国人权理事会言论自由问题特别报告员拉卢在向联合国人权理事会提交的报告中指出，美国修订“外国情报监控修正案法”，扩大美国政府对境外非美籍人士进行监控的权力，监控内容包括任何利用美国的云服务主机进行的通信。 |
Leaked documents show that many countries, including Germany, South Korea and Japan have been targeted by the NSA's eavesdropping, and that the intelligence agencies of the United States and some European countries have joined hands to launch massive network monitoring and phone-tapping operations that severely undermine the network security of all countries.
．．．．．． | | 曝光文件显示德国、韩国、日本等多国被大规模监听，美欧国家的情报机构正在联手对互联网和电话通信展开大规模监控，严重威胁世界各国网络安全。
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