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Foshan Municipal People's Government v. Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of Communications (Case of Dispute over Guarantee)
佛山市人民政府与交通银行香港分行担保纠纷案
【法宝引证码】

Foshan Municipal People’s Government v. Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of Communications (Case of Dispute over Guarantee)
(Case of Dispute over Guarantee)
佛山市人民政府与交通银行香港分行担保纠纷案

Foshan Municipal People's Government v. Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of Communications
(Case of Dispute over Guarantee)@#
@#
@#
Supreme People's Court@#
Civil Judgment@#
Final Judgment No. 5 [2004] of the Fourth Civil Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court@#
BASIC FACTS@#
Appellant (Defendant in the Original Instance): Foshan Municipal People's Government, situated at No. 14, Dafu Road, Foshan Municipality, Guangdong Province.@#
Legal Representative: Liang Shaotang, mayor of this Municipality.@#
Authorized Agent: Guo Zhongchen, attorney-at-law of Beijing T & T Law Offices.@#
Authorized Agent: Shan Sujian, attorney-at-law of Foshan Branch of Guangdong Tianlun & Need Law Firm.@#
Appellee (Plaintiff in the Original Instance): Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of Communications, situated at 20 Pedder Street, Central, Hong Kong.@#
Representative: Chen Xiafang, deputy general manager of this Branch.@#
Authorized Agent: Shen Zhigeng, attorney-at-law of Beijing Zhongheng Law Firm.@#
Authorized Agent: Zheng Wenyue, assistant manager of this Branch.@#
Foshan Municipal People's Government (hereinafter referred to as Foshan Municipal Government) filed an appeal to this court against Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of Communications (hereinafter referred to as the Bank of Communications) for the case of dispute over guarantee because it was not satisfied with the Civil Judgment No. 1 [2001] of the Second Economic Tribunal of the Higher People's Court of Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the court of original trial). And this Court formed a collegiate bench according to law consisting of judge Wang Yun, who acted as the chief judge, and acting judges Chen Jizhong and Zhou Xiang, and opened a court session to hear the case. This case had now been terminated after trial.@#
PROCEDURAL POSTURE@#
Upon trial, the court of original trial found that:@#
On May 8, 1994, Foshan Municipal Government issued to the Bank of Communications the Commitment Letter No. 030 [1994] of Foshan Municipal Government, which said that: “Zhongya Enterprises Limited Company (hereinafter referred to as Zhongya Company) is an enterprise of this Municipality stationed in Hong Kong. In order to further develop the foreign trade of this company, this company has specially applied to your bank for 10 million US Dollars of credit quota. The said application for credit quota has been approved by this government upon research. This government hopes that your bank will be able to give support in light of the actual demands for the business development of this company. This government would like to urge this company to practically perform the repayment liability and to repay the principal and interests of loans to your bank on schedule. If this company does not repay the principal or interests of loans or defaults in the repayment of principal or interests of loans, this government will take charge of it and not let your bank suffer any economic loss.”@#
On October 24, 1996, Foshan Municipal Government issued to the Bank of Communications the Commitment Letter No. 144 [1996] of Foshan Municipal Government, which said that: “Zhongya Company is an enterprise of this Municipality stationed in Hong Kong. In order to further develop the foreign trade of this company, this company has specially applied to your bank for the following conveniences: using the house properties of 16/F, 17/F and 18/F situated at Morrison Hill Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong as the mortgage to borrow 62.62 million HKD from your bank for two years. The aforesaid application has been approved by this government upon research, and this government hopes that your bank will be able to give support in light of the actual demands for the business development of this company. This government would like to urge this company to practically perform the repayment liability and to repay the principal and interests of loans to your bank on schedule. If this company does not repay the principal or interests of loans or defaults in the repayment of principal or interests of loans, this government will be responsible for solving it and not let your bank suffer any economic loss.”@#
On October 30, 1996, Foshan Municipal Government issued to the Bank of Communications the Commitment Letter No. 146 [1996] of Foshan Municipal Government, which said that: “Peak Garden Limited Company (hereinafter referred to as Peak Garden) is an enterprise of this Municipality stationed in Hong Kong. In order to further develop the foreign trade of this company, this company has specially applied to your bank for the following conveniences: using the properties of 11/F, 12/F and 15/F situated at Morrison Hill Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong as the mortgage to borrow 61.50 million HKD from your bank for two years. The aforesaid application has been approved by this government upon research, and this government hopes that your bank will be able to give support in light of the actual demands for the business development of this company. This government would like to urge this company to practically perform the repayment liability and to repay the principal and interests of loans to your bank on schedule. If this company does not repay the principal or interests of loans or defaults in the repayment of principal or interests of loans, this government will be responsible for solving it and not let your bank suffer any economic loss.”@#
On May 20, 1996, the Bank of Communications issued a letter on the credit-granting matter to Zhongya Company, which said that: “The bank credit granted to you for the time being will be changed as follows: the quota: (1) the overdraft quota will be 3 million HKD, and the interests thereof will be the most favorable loan interest rate of this bank plus 2% of annual interest rate and will be deducted from the current accounts of your company. (2)The 1.548 million and 1.017 million HKD of loan installments will be respectively provided to your company, and the current repayment clauses and conditions will remain unchanged. (3) The 19 million HKD of term loans (this quota should be used for repaying the overdraft of 25 million HKD of term loans as well as 6 million HKD) will be provided to your company, and the annual interest rate thereof should be calculated by 10.5% (which will be adjusted according to fluctuations) on the basis of monthly balance and should be paid on a monthly basis. The principal thereof should be paid off on April 30, 1997 or before that. (4) The 30 million HKD by letter of credit (including 20 million HKD with the delivery under trust within 90 days) will be provided to your company. (5) The 5 million HKD of term loans will be provided to your company, for which the current repayment clauses and conditions will remain unchanged, and the interests thereof will be accumulatively calculated in light of the actual number of days, 365 days for a whole year. If the term of a bill is less than 90 days, the interests will be the most favorable loan interest rate of this bank plus 1% of annual interests, and if the term of a bill is 91 up to 150 days, the interests thereof will be the most favorable loan interest rate of this bank plus 3.5% of annual interests, and if the term of a bill is 150 days or more, the interests thereof will be the most favorable loan interest rate of this bank plus 5.5 % of annual interests. After this letter is signed, the 47,500 yuan of commission charges should be deducted from the current accounts of Zhongya Company, and other relevant commission charges will be determined by this bank in light of the circumstances. After Zhongya Company accepts and completely abides by the clauses and conditions mentioned in this letter, and provides all the documents this bank deems applicable, the aforesaid bank credit can be used until the following inspection date or any other time notified by this bank through a written notice. This bank will check the aforesaid credit-granting clauses again on June 30, 1996 or before that.” Zhongya Company affixed its name on the said letter and expressed that it would accept the aforesaid clauses and conditions.@#
......

 

佛山市人民政府与交通银行香港分行担保纠纷案@#
【裁判摘要】@#
根据担保法三条的规定,担保活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚实信用的原则。与借贷合同无关的第三人向合同债权人出具承诺函,但未明确表示承担保证责任或代为还款的,不能推定其出具承诺函的行为构成担保法意义上的保证。@#
最高人民法院@#
民事判决书@#
(2004)民四终字第5号@#
@#
上诉人(原审被告):佛山市人民政府。住所地,广东省佛山市大福路14号。@#
法定代表人:梁绍棠,该市市长。@#
委托代理人:郭忠臣,北京市同和通正律师事务所律师。@#
委托代理人:单苏建,广东天伦律师事务所佛山分所律师。@#
被上诉人(原审原告):交通银行香港分行。住所地,香港特别行政区中环毕打街20号。@#
代表人:陈霞芳,该行副总经理。@#
委托代理人:沈志耕,北京市纵横律师事务所律师。@#
委托代理人:郑文阅,该行助理业务经理。@#
上诉人佛山市人民政府(以下简称佛山市政府)因与被上诉人交通银行香港分行(以下简称香港交行)担保纠纷一案,不服广东省高级人民法院(以下简称原审法院)(2001)粤法经二初字第1号民事判决,向本院提起上诉。本院依法组成由审判员王玧担任审判长,代理审判员陈纪忠、周翔参加评议的合议庭审理了本案,现已审理终结。@#
@#
原审法院经审理查明:@#
1994年5月8日,佛山市政府向香港交行出具一份编号为佛府函(1994)030号的《承诺函》称:“中亚企业有限公司(ZHONG YA ENTERPRISES LIMITED,以下简称中亚公司)是我市驻港机构。为进一步发展该公司对外贸易业务,该公司特向贵行申请1000万美元授信额度。上述申请授信额度业经我市政府研究批准同意。请贵行根据该驻港公司的业务发展实际需要,给予支持。本政府愿意督促该驻港公司切实履行还款责任,按时归还贵行贷款本息。如该公司出现逾期或拖欠贵行的贷款本息情况,本政府将负责解决,不让贵行在经济上蒙受损失。”@#
1996年10月24日,佛山市政府向香港交行出具一份编号为佛府函(1996)144号的《承诺函》称:“中亚公司是我市驻香港机构。为进一步发展该公司的对外贸易业务,该公司特向贵行申请以下银行便利:用该公司位于香港湾仔摩利臣山道16/F、17/F、18/F物业按揭贷款港币6262万元,期限二年。上述申请业经本政府研究批准同意,请贵行根据该驻香港公司的业务发展实际需要,给予支持。本政府愿意督促该驻香港公司切实履行还款责任,按时归还贵行贷款本息。如该公司出现逾期或拖欠贵行的贷款本息情况,本政府将负责解决,不让贵行在经济上蒙受损失。”@#
1996年10月30日,佛山市政府向香港交行出具一份编号为佛府函(1996)146号的《承诺函》称:“景山有限公司(PEAK GARDEN LIMITED,以下简称景山公司)是我市驻港机构。为进一步发展该公司的对外贸易业务,该公司特向贵行申请以下银行便利:用该公司位于香港湾仔摩利臣山道11/F、12/F、15/F物业按揭贷款港币6150万元,期限二年。上述申请业经本政府研究批准同意,请贵行根据该驻香港公司的业务发展实际需要,给予支持。本政府愿意督促该驻香港公司切实履行还款责任,按时归还贵行贷款本息。如该公司出现逾期或拖欠贵行的贷款本息情况,本政府将负责解决,不让贵行在经济上蒙受损失。”@#
1996年5月20日,香港交行向中亚公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的函件,称:现正提供给中亚公司的银行信贷修订如下:额度:①可透支的额度为港币300万元,利息以本行最优惠贷款利率加2%的年息率计算,每月从中亚公司的往来账户中扣取。②分期贷款分别为港币154.8万元和101.7万元,现有还款条款及条件依旧不变。③定期贷款港币1900万元(本额度应用于清还港币2500万元定期贷款及港币600万元的透支),利息以年息率10.5%计算(按波动调整),以每月余额计,并于每月支付。本金须于1997年4月30日或之前全数偿还。④信用证(其中包括90天信托提货港币2000万元)港币3000万元。⑤定期贷款港币500万元,现有还款条款及条件依旧不变。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。票据期限不足90天按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息1%,91天至150天按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息3.5%,150天以上按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息5.5%。本函件签署后,须从中亚公司的往来账户中扣取4.75万元的手续费,其余有关手续费的相应金额由本行酌情决定。在中亚公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至下述之检查日期或本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。本行会在1996年6月30日或之前重检上述授信等条款。中亚公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示接纳上述条款及条件。@#
1996年7月16日,香港交行向中亚公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的函件,称:现正提供给中亚公司的银行信贷修订如下:额度:①可透支的额度为港币300万元,利息以本行最优惠贷款利率加2%的年息率计算,每月从中亚公司的往来账户中扣取。②分期贷款港币154.8万元。③定期贷款分别为港币500万元、1900万元、4300万元,现有还款条款及条件依旧不变。④信用证(其中包括90天信托提货港币2000万元)港币3000万元。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。票据期限不足90天按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息1%,91天至150天按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息3.5%,150天以上按本行最优惠贷款利率加年息5.5%。本函件签署后,须从中亚公司的往来帐户中扣取5.75万元的手续费,其余有关手续费的相应金额由本行酌情决定。在中亚公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至下述之检查日期或本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。本行会在1997年6月30日或之前重检上述授信等条款。中亚公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示接纳上述条款及条件。@#
1996年10月25日,香港交行向中亚公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的函件,称:除现正提供给中亚公司的银行信贷外,将会提供信用额度如下:定期贷款港币6262万元,定期12个月,利息以年息率10.5%计算(按波动调整),以每月余额计,并每月支付;首3个月的利息(金额为港币1643775元)须于提供所述贷款时付给本行,第4、5及6个月的利息(金额为港币1643775元)须于1996年11月30日或之前付给本行,自此以后的随后月份的利息,须按月付给本行。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。担保包括佛山市政府为本贷款提供承诺函。本函件签署后,港币31.31万元的手续费(如有的话)将由本行代表律师收取,其余有关手续费的相应金额由本行酌情决定。在中亚公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至下述之检查日期或本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。中亚公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示接纳上述条款及条件。@#
1998年12月11日,香港交行向中亚公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的LC-1998-0931-COM-2473《授信合同》函件,称:现正提供给中亚公司的贷款授信,本金额为港币77438282.02元(包括透支授信余额港币918682.02元,定期贷款授信余额港币6262万元及信用证[信托提货]授信余额港币1389.96万元)将修订如下:(a)所述贷款累算利息港币12790750.63元应化为本金,并基于行政理由,记入独立账号的贷款户口及(b)贷款授信的还款期(包括化作本金的利息)应延长如下:①可透支的额度(未清还本金额)为港币918682.02元,透支年息率以(a)隔夜银行同业拆息或(b)本行最优惠贷款利率加2.5%或(c)存款利率加1%(所指是抵押给银行的存款)计算,高者为准,于每月最后营业日从中亚公司的账户中扣取。本金须于放款日期起两年届满之日全数清还。②定期贷款(未清还本金额)港币6262万元,将按照本行最优惠贷款利率加年息2.5%收取利息,按年付息。本金须于放款日起计两年期届满之日全数清还。③信用证(信托提货)港币1389.96万元,就进口单提取之款项须按银行现时之利率收取利息,按年付息,从中亚公司的往来帐户扣取,本金须于放款日起计两年期届满之日全数清还。④定期贷款(化作本金之利息)港币12790750.63元,将按照本行最优惠贷款利率加年息2.5%收取利息,按年付息,本金须于放款日起计两年期届满之日全数清还。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。就任何于定期贷款项下逾期未付之款项,本行有权收取逾期利息,年息率为银行最优惠贷款利率加年息4.25%。利息从欠缴之日起计算,直至欠款实际全数清缴为止。惟本行可于任何时间在本行银行大堂出示或张贴通告30天后,更改逾期利息的计算基准。就任何于透支额度项下逾期未付之款项,本行有权收取逾期利息,年息率为隔夜银行同业隔夜拆息或银行最优惠贷款利率加年息9%。利息从欠缴之日起计算,直至欠款实际全数清缴为止。惟本行可于任何时间在本行银行大堂出示或张贴通告30天后,更改逾期利息的计算基准等。担保包括佛山市政府出具承诺函。在中亚公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。本函属附加性质。本函受香港特区法律管辖,并在各方面均按照香港特区法律诠释,中亚公司特此不可撤销地愿受香港特区法院的非专有司法管辖权,但本行有权在其选择之其他有司法管辖权的法院强制执行本函等。中亚公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示经适当及审慎考虑本函的内容后,同意接纳授信并受本函所列之全部条款及条件约束。@#
1996年10月29日,香港交行向景山公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的函件,称:除现正提供给景山公司的银行信贷外,将会提供信用额度如下:定期贷款港币6150万元,定期12个月,利息以年息率12%计算(按波动调整),以每月余额计,并每月支付;首3个月的利息(金额为港币1614375元)须于提供所述贷款时付给本行,第4、5及6个月的利息(金额为港币1614375元)须于1996年11月30日或之前付给本行,自此以后的随后月份的利息,须按月付给本行。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。担保包括佛山市政府承诺函。本函件签署后,港币30.75万元的手续费(如有的话)将由本行代表律师收取,其余有关手续费的相应金额由本行酌情决定。在景山公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至下述之检查日期或本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。景山公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示接纳上述条款及条件。@#
1997年4月18日,香港交行向景山公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的函件,称:除现正提供给景山公司的银行信贷外,将会提供信用额度如下:定期贷款港币900万元,定期6个月,利息以年息率10.75%计算(按波动调整),以每月余额计,并每月支付;本金须于放款日起6个月届满时清还。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。本函件签署后,港币2.25万元的手续费须从景山公司的往来账户中扣取,其余有关手续费的相应金额由本行酌情决定。在景山公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至下述之检查日期或本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。景山公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示接纳上述条款及条件。@#
1998年12月11日,香港交行向景山公司出具一份关于该行提供授信事宜的LC-1998-0929-COM-2473《授信合同》函件,称:现正提供给景山公司的贷款授信,本金额为港币6150万元将修订如下:(a)所述贷款累算利息港币10536282.7元应化为本金,并基于行政理由,记入独立账号的贷款户口及(b)贷款授信的还款期(包括化作本金的利息)应延长如下:①本金原额港币6150万元将按照本行最优惠贷款利率加2.5%收取利息,按年付息。本金须于放款日期起两年届满之日全数清还。②化作本金之利息港币10536282.7万元将按照本行最优惠贷款利率加2.5%收取利息,按年付息。本金须于放款日期起两年届满之日全数清还。利息按实际天数按日累算,按全年365天计算。就任何于定期贷款项下逾期未付之款项,本行有权收取逾期利息,年息率为银行最优惠贷款利率加年息4.25%。利息从欠缴之日起计算,直至欠款实际全数清缴为止。惟本行可于任何时间在本行银行大堂出示或张贴通告30天后,更改逾期利息的计算基准。就任何于透支额度项下逾期未付之款项,本行有权收取逾期利息,年息率为隔夜银行同业隔夜拆息或银行最优惠贷款利率加年息9%。利息从欠缴之日起计算,直至欠款实际全数清缴为止。惟本行可于任何时间在本行银行大堂出示或张贴通告30天后,更改逾期利息的计算基准等。担保包括佛山市政府出具承诺函。在景山公司接受及充分遵行本函件所列条款及条件,以及办妥一切本行认为适用的文件时,前述银行信贷可供使用,直至本行以书面通知的其他时间为止。本函属附加性质。本函受香港特区法律管辖,并在各方面均按照香港特区法律诠释,景山公司特此不可撤销地愿受香港特区法院的非专有司法管辖权,但本行有权在其选择之其他有司法管辖权的法院强制执行本函等。景山公司在上述函件上作了签署并表示经适当及审慎考虑本函的内容后,同意接纳授信并受本函所列之全部条款及条件约束。@#
中亚公司时至1998年12月23日、景山公司时至1999年12月23日尚在各自的账户上向香港交行支付欠款利息。@#
2000年8月9日香港破产管理署基于香港交行的申请对中亚公司发出清盘令,载明截至于2001年4月24日,中亚公司对香港交行的总结欠数为86896642.21元港币(注:此数额为预先按估价值130万港元扣除抵押房屋款,现实际所得为889320港元,故现香港交行对中亚公司的债权为87307322.21港元)。2002年3月7日香港高等法院以2001年第4924号《最终判决书》确定景山公司须对香港交行支付(1)港币78293395.48元;(2)本金港币6150万元之利息,以年息9.75%或每日港币16428.08元计算,直到全数清还为止;(3)本金港币4907870.91元之利息,以年息9.75%或每日港币1311.01元计算,日期由2001年10月20日开始至本判决日为止,其后以法庭判决的利率计算,直到全数清还为止;(4)本金港币2481571.07元之利息,以法庭判决的利率计算,日期由2000年9月1日开始至本判决日为止,其后以法庭判决的利率计算,直到全数清还为止;(5)固定诉讼费港币1745元。@#
《1998年佛山市政府领导和香港交行领导座谈会纪要》载明:1998年2月19日下午,佛山市政府梁绍棠市长、卢汉超副市长、刘耿文副市长、黄振辉副市长、李景垣市长助理和香港交行刘建新副总经理、刘源标副总经理及双方有关部门负责人就佛山市直属企业与香港交行的业务往来情况及存在问题在佛山市政府第一招待所举行了会谈。与会双方坦诚地交换了意见,并达成以下四点共识:1.佛山市与香港交行20年来一直相互支持、共同发展。双方认为今后应继续积极、稳妥、有效地对佛山的企业给予大力支持,佛山市政府和香港交行将加强沟通、协作,以利佛山市和香港交行的伙伴合作关系得到进一步发展,从而为国家经济事业尽一分力。2.佛山个别企业由于前几年投资决策失误,以及受内地三角债拖欠影响,在经济上遇到了困难,未能如期偿还银行贷款,以致银行受香港监管当局注视如何妥善处理有关授信。对此市政府将协调好有关方面。采取有效措施,帮助企业渡过难关,相对原有授信条件合理地以不同方式偿还银行贷款。此外市政府将在适当时机对企业进行资产重组,通过组建新公司,注入优质资产,提高企业的经济效益,解决原有债务。3.由于亚洲金融风暴因素,香港经济受到严重影响,企业经营环境恶化,香港交行对此表示理解,并本着“一催二帮三合作”态度,继续支持佛山企业的发展,协助有关企业进行债务重组,通过友好协商解决存在问题;对新组建的企业及注入的项目,只要是有效益、发展前景良好的、符合香港监管当局对银行规范的,在“合情、合理、合法”下将给予大力支持。4.双方同意今后对符合国家产业政策、有效益的项目继续合作。@#
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