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| Seed Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国种子法 |
| (Adopted at the 16th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on July 8, 2000; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China as adopted at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 28, 2004; amended for the second time according to the Decision of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and Other Eleven Laws as adopted at the Third Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on June 29, 2013 ) | | （2000年7月8日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议通过 根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国种子法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2013年6月29日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国文物保护法〉等十二部法律的决定》第二次修正） |
| Contents | | 目录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
| Chapter II The Protection of Seed Resources | | 第二章 种质资源保护 |
| Chapter III The Selection, Cultivation, Examination and Approval of Seed | | 第三章 品种选育与审定 |
| Chapter IV The Production of Seed | | 第四章 种子生产 |
| Chapter V The Business Operation of Seed | | 第五章 种子经营 |
| Chapter VI The Usage of Seed | | 第六章 种子使用 |
| Chapter VII The Quality of Seed | | 第七章 种子质量 |
| Chapter VIII The Import, Export of and Foreign Cooperation on Seed | | 第八章 种子进出口和对外合作 |
| Chapter IX The Administrative Management of Seed | | 第九章 种子行政管理 |
| Chapter X Legal Liabilities | | 第十章 法律责任 |
| Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions | | 第十一章 附则 |
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| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
| Article 1 The goals of enacting the law are to make reasonable use of seed resources; control the selection, production, business operation and use of seed; protect the legal rights of the producers, business operators and users of seed; promote seed quality; drive the industrialization process of seed; and accelerate the development of the planting and forestry industries. | | 第一条 为了保护和合理利用种质资源，规范品种选育和种子生产、经营、使用行为，维护品种选育者和种子生产者、经营者、使用者的合法权益，提高种子质量水平，推动种子产业化，促进种植业和林业的发展，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 This law applies to the breeding, selection, production, business operation, usage, management of seed and other activities in China. | | 第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事品种选育和种子生产、经营、使用、管理等活动，适用本法。 |
| The term "seed" in this Law means the materials of crops and forest trees used for planting or propagation, including seed grains, fruits, roots, stems, seedlings, buds, leaves, etc. | | 本法所称种子，是指农作物和林木的种植材料或者繁殖材料，包括籽粒、果实和根、茎、苗、芽、叶等。 |
| Article 3 The Agriculture Department and Forestry Department under the State Council are respectively in charge of the work of crop seed and forest tree seed in China. The local crop administrative department and forestry administrative department above the county level should respectively take charge of the work of crop seed and forest tree seed within the administrative region. | | 第三条 国务院农业、林业行政主管部门分别主管全国农作物种子和林木种子工作；县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门分别主管本行政区域内农作物种子和林木种子工作。 |
| Article 4 The state supports the protection of seed resources, the breeding, production, rebirth and popularization of quality seeds. The state encourages the combination of seed breeding and seed production, and both encourages and rewards persons and entities that have good performance in the work of seed resource protection, quality seed selection, breeding, popularization, etc. | | 第四条 国家扶持种质资源保护工作和选育、生产、更新、推广使用良种，鼓励品种选育和种子生产、经营相结合，奖励在种质资源保护工作和良种选育、推广等工作中成绩显著的单位和个人。 |
| Article 5 The people's government above the county level should make development plans according to the guidelines of Making Use of Science and Education to Improve Agriculture and to the requirements for the development of the planting and forestry industries, and should adopt some methods of finance, credit and revenue to ensure the implementation of the plans. | | 第五条 县级以上人民政府应当根据科教兴农方针和种植业、林业发展的需要制定种子发展规划，并按照国家有关规定在财政、信贷和税收等方面采取措施保证规划的实施。 |
| Article 6 Special funds shall be dispersed by the State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the the State Council to support the selection, breeding and popularization of quality seed, should set up.The State Council shall provide detailed measures. | | 第六条 国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府设立专项资金，用于扶持良种选育和推广。具体办法由国务院规定。 |
| Article 7 National The State should establish a reserve seed system to meet the demand of production in case of calamities and to ensure the safety of agricultural production. The reserve seed shall be checked and replaced on regular basis. The State Council shall provide detailed measures for the seed reserves. | | 第七条 国家建立种子贮备制度，主要用于发生灾害时的生产需要，保障农业生产安全。对贮备的种子应当定期检验和更新。种子贮备的具体办法由国务院规定。 |
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| Chapter II The Protection of Seed Resources | | 第二章 种质资源保护 |
| Article 8 The State by law protects seed resources. No individual or entity may usurp on or destroy the seed resources. Wild seed resources are also subject to the special protection of the State and shall be prohibited from collection or felling. In special cases such as scientific research where it is necessary to collect or fell, the collection or felling shall be subject to the approval of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the State Council or the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the State Council. | | 第八条 国家依法保护种质资源，任何单位和个人不得侵占和破坏种质资源。禁止采集或者采伐国家重点保护的天然种质资源。因科研等特殊情况需要采集或者采伐的，应当经国务院或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的农业、林业行政主管部门批准。 |
| Article 9 The State collects, sorts out, appraises, records, conserves, exchanges and uses seed resources in a planned way, and regularly releases the catalog of available seed resources. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council shall provide detailed measures for the above listed activities. | | 第九条 国家有计划地收集、整理、鉴定、登记、保存、交流和利用种质资源，定期公布可供利用的种质资源目录。具体办法由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定。 |
| The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should establish a state seed resources database, and the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the people's governments of the provinces, municipalities and cities directly under the State Council may, where necessary, establish seed resources databases, protection zones or seed resources protection areas according to requirements. | | 国务院农业、林业行政主管部门应当建立国家种质资源库，省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门可以根据需要建立种质资源库、种质资源保护区或者种质资源保护地。 |
| Article 10 The State has sovereignty over the seed resources. The supplying by any individual or entity of seed resources to foreign countries shall be subject to the approval of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council. The introduction of foreign seed resources into China should be handled according to the relevant stipulations of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council. | | 第十条 国家对种质资源享有主权，任何单位和个人向境外提供种质资源的，应当经国务院农业、林业行政主管部门批准；从境外引进种质资源的，依照国务院农业、林业行政主管部门的有关规定办理。 |
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| Chapter III The Selection, Cultivation, Examination and Approval of Seed | | 第三章 品种选育与审定 |
| Article 11 The administrative departments of agriculture, forestry, science and technology, education, etc. under the State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall organize relevant units to carry out the research of seed selection and the techniques and methods of seed selection. | | 第十一条 国务院农业、林业、科技、教育等行政主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当组织有关单位进行品种选育理论、技术和方法的研究。 |
| The National People's Congress encourages and supports entities and individuals to breed and develop quality seed. | | 国家鼓励和支持单位和个人从事良种选育和开发。 |
| Article 12 The State shall establish a new plant species protection system. The system will grant the rights of a new species to those cultured or to those species discovered in the wilderness that have not yet been cultivated or developed and that are characterized by novelty, specialty, consistency and stability. The new plant species protection system will protect the lawful rights and interests of the holder. All details shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chinese law. If the selected species is wildly used through dissemination, the breeder shall be entitled to obtain corresponding economic profits according to law. | | 第十二条 国家实行植物新品种保护制度，对经过人工培育的或者发现的野生植物加以开发的植物品种，具备新颖性、特异性、一致性和稳定性的，授予植物新品种权，保护植物新品种权所有人的合法权益。具体办法按照国家有关规定执行。选育的品种得到推广应用的，育种者依法获得相应的经济利益。 |
| Article 13 If the individual and/or entity's income ((becomes law)) because the administrative departments of forestry ((establish test forest tree)), ((mensuration forest,)) excellent tree collection area, and gene base, the administrative department of forestry approved to set up should give economic compensate to them according to related stipulations. (((I believe that the meaning of this article is that: If the government procures the land and/or seed of an individual and/or entity, then the income which said entity received due to the holdings that have been procured by the government (for whatever reason) shall be paid to the entity by the government as just compensation. | | 第十三条 单位和个人因林业行政主管部门为选育林木良种建立测定林、试验林、优树收集区、基因库而减少经济收入的，批准建立的林业行政主管部门应当按照国家有关规定给予经济补偿。 |
| Article 14 A safety assessment should be carried out for the selection, breed, ((test)), examination and popularization of gene-transfer plant species, and safety method should be adopted strictly. The State Council should determine the details. | | 第十四条 转基因植物品种的选育、试验、审定和推广应当进行安全性评价，并采取严格的安全控制措施。具体办法由国务院规定。 |
| Article 15 Main crop or tree species should pass the safety examination and be approved at the national or provincial level before popularization. An applicant can directly apply for the examination and approval of either level. Those crop and tree species declared important as determined by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the people's government of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should ((also)) be examined and approved by the corresponding province. | | 第十五条 主要农作物品种和主要林木品种在推广应用前应当通过国家级或者省级审定，申请者可以直接申请省级审定或者国家级审定。由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门确定的主要农作物品种和主要林木品种实行省级审定。 |
| The methods used to examine and approve main crop species and tree species should embody the rule of equity, publicity, science and efficiency. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should determine those methods. | | 主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定办法应当体现公正、公开、科学、效率的原则，由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定。 |
| The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should respectively establish a Committee for the Examination and Approval of Crop and Tree Species to take on the examination and approval of main crop and forestry species. The committee should be comprised of professional experts in these fields. | | 国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的农业、林业行政主管部门分别设立由专业人员组成的农作物品种和林木品种审定委员会，承担主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定工作。 |
| In regions with various ecologies, the administrative governments of agriculture and forestry for provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may entrust a city and/or autonomous prefecture to administer examinations and approvals for the main crop and tree species that are adequate to popularize the specific ecological region within the pre-determined area. | | 在具有生态多样性的地区，省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门可以委托设区的市、自治州承担适宜于在特定生态区域内推广应用的主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定工作。 |
| Article 16 A list of those crop and tree seeds that have passed the national examination and have received approval should be distributed by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council. Seeds on the list may be popularized throughout the country. A list of those seeds that have passed provincial examinations and have received approvals should be distributed by the people's government's administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Seeds listed may be popularized in the specified ecological region. Similar ecological regions in nearby provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may introduce seed approved in other regions into their own only after the approval of the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. | | 第十六条 通过国家级审定的主要农作物品种和主要林木良种由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门公告，可以在全国适宜的生态区域推广。通过省级审定的主要农作物品种和主要林木良种由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门公告，可以在本行政区域内适宜的生态区域推广；相邻省、自治区、直辖市属于同一适宜生态区的地域，经所在省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门同意后可以引种。 |
| Article 17 The crop species that do not pass the examination and approval cannot be released, transferred nor popularized. | | 第十七条 应当审定的农作物品种未经审定通过的，不得发布广告，不得经营、推广。 |
| Tree species that fail the examination and/or fail to receive approval cannot be regarded as quality seeds to use and popularize, but if there is necessity to use them for production, they shall be subject to the verification of the Tree Species Examination and Approval Committee. | | 应当审定的林木品种未经审定通过的，不得作为良种经营、推广，但生产确需使用的，应当经林木品种审定委员会认定。 |
| Article 18 If the applicant objects to the result of the examination and approval process for a particular crop variety, s/he can ask for original Examination and Approval Committee or ((that Committee of above level)) to examine that variety again. | | 第十八条 审定未通过的农作物品种和林木品种，申请人有异议的，可以向原审定委员会或者上一级审定委员会申请复审。 |
| Article 19 Foreign entities that have no regular abode or business place from which to apply for the examination and approval of seeds ((should entrust the matter to Chinese institutions of scientific research, production and operation, and these institutions must have legal personality.)) | | 第十九条 在中国没有经常居所或者营业场所的外国人、外国企业或者外国其他组织在中国申请品种审定的，应当委托具有法人资格的中国种子科研、生产、经营机构代理。 |
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| Chapter IV Seed Production | | 第四章 种子生产 |
| Article 20 A permission-based system should be put into practice for commercial-seed production of crop and tree varieties. | | 第二十条 主要农作物和主要林木的商品种子生产实行许可制度。 |
| The production licenses for main crop crossbreed seed, parent seed, original seed of original strains and main tree seed of improved variety should be issued by the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. They should be issued only after they have been examined and approved by the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the local counties as well. The production licenses for other seeds should be issued by the people's administrative departments of agriculture and forestry and/or ((the department above the county level.)) | | 主要农作物杂交种子及其亲本种子、常规种原种种子、主要林木良种的种子生产许可证，由生产所在地县级人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门审核，省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发；其他种子的生产许可证，由生产所在地县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发。 |
| Article 21 Entities applying for the seed-production license should possess following qualifications: | | 第二十一条 申请领取种子生产许可证的单位和个人，应当具备下列条件： |
| (1) Must possess the isolation and cultivation conditions required for seed to propagate; | | （一）具有繁殖种子的隔离和培育条件； |
| (2) Must possess a site for seed-production free of ((quarantine plant diseases)) and insect pests or a seed-collection forest approved by forestry administrative department of the people's government above the county level; | | （二）具有无检疫性病虫害的种子生产地点或者县级以上人民政府林业行政主管部门确定的采种林； |
| (3) Must possess enough capital and facilities to produce and test the seed; | | （三）具有与种子生产相适应的资金和生产、检验设施； |
| (4) Must have professional technicians to produce and test the seed; | | （四）具有相应的专业种子生产和检验技术人员； |
| (5) Must be in accord with other conditions related to the law and legal regulations. | | （五）法律、法规规定的其他条件。 |
| To apply for a production license for seed that has the rights of new plant variety, consent in written form must be obtained from the entity owning the seed rights. | | 申请领取具有植物新品种权的种子生产许可证的，应当征得品种权人的书面同意。 |
| Article 22 The seed-production license must indicate seed species, production place, and valid period, and other details regarding the seed variety and production location. | | 第二十二条 种子生产许可证应当注明生产种子的品种、地点和有效期限等项目。 |
| It is forbidden to counterfeit, alter, buy or borrow a seed-production license. Any entity without a license or one who has a license but cannot comply with the stipulations of that license is forbidden for to produce seed. | | 禁止伪造、变造、买卖、租借种子生产许可证；禁止任何单位和个人无证或者未按照许可证的规定生产种子。 |
Article 23 Procedures for seed-production and seed-check-and-quarantine must be implemented for the production of commercial seeds.
．．．．．． | | 第二十三条 商品种子生产应当执行种子生产技术规程和种子检验、检疫规程。
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