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Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang | | 新疆的劳动就业保障 |
| The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 |
| September 2020 | | 2020年9月 |
| Contents | | 目 录 |
| Preface | | 前言 |
| I.Employment in Xinjiang | | 一、新疆劳动就业的基本状况 |
| II.Proactive Employment Policies | | 二、大力实施积极的就业政策 |
| III.Full Respect for Workers' Job Preferences | | 三、充分尊重劳动者的就业意愿 |
| IV.Labor Rights Protection | | 四、依法保障劳动者的基本权利 |
| V.Better Jobs for Better Lives | | 五、劳动就业创造美好生活 |
| VI.Application of International Labor and Human Rights Standards | | 六、积极践行国际劳工和人权标准 |
| Conclusion | | 结束语 |
| Preface | | 前 言 |
| Work creates the means of existence and is an essential human activity. It creates a better life and enables all-round human development and the progress of civilization. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China provides that all citizens have the right and obligation to work. To protect the right to work is to safeguard human dignity and human rights. | | 劳动是人的存在方式，也是人类的本质活动。劳动创造美好生活，促进人的全面发展和人类文明进步。《中华人民共和国宪法》赋予公民劳动的权利和义务。保障劳动权就是维护人的尊严，就是保障人权。 |
| China has a large population and workforce. Employment and job security are key to guaranteeing workers' basic rights and wellbeing, and have a significant impact on economic development, social harmony, national prosperity, and the nation's rejuvenation. China is committed to the people-centered philosophy of development, attaches great importance to job security, gives high priority to employment, and pursues a proactive set of policies on employment. It fully respects the wishes of workers, protects citizens' right to work in accordance with the law, applies international labor and human rights standards, and strives to enable everyone to create a happy life and achieve their own development through hard work. | | 中国是人口大国，也是劳动力大国。做好劳动就业保障工作，关系劳动者基本权利和生活幸福，关系经济发展、社会和谐，关系国家繁荣、民族复兴。中国坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，高度重视劳动就业保障工作，大力实施就业优先战略和积极的就业政策。充分尊重劳动者意愿，依法保障公民劳动权利，积极践行国际劳工和人权标准，努力使人人都能通过辛勤劳动创造幸福生活、实现自身发展。 |
| In accordance with the country's major policies on employment and the overall plan for eliminating poverty, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region takes the facilitation of employment as the most fundamental project for ensuring and improving people's wellbeing. It has made every effort to increase and stabilize employment through various channels: encouraging individual initiative, regulatory role of the market, and government policies facilitating employment, entrepreneurship, and business startups. Through its proactive labor and employment policies, Xinjiang has continuously improved the people's material and cultural lives, and guaranteed and developed their human rights in every field. This has laid a solid foundation for ensuring that the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have the opportunity to enjoy moderate prosperity in all respects and achieve long-term social stability together with their fellow countrymen and countrywomen in other parts of China. | | 按照国家关于劳动就业的大政方针和打赢脱贫攻坚战的总体部署，中国新疆把促进劳动就业作为最大的民生工程、民心工程、根基工程，坚持把劳动者自主就业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业相结合，多渠道增加就业，千方百计稳定就业。通过积极的劳动就业政策，新疆各族人民物质文化生活水平不断提高，各项人权得到有效保障和发展，为确保新疆各族群众同全中国人民一道迈入全面小康社会、实现新疆社会稳定和长治久安打下了坚实基础。 |
| I. Employment in Xinjiang | | 一、新疆劳动就业的基本状况 |
| Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China. For historical and a range of natural reasons, it has long lagged behind other parts of the country in development, and there is a large impoverished population. The four prefectures in southern Xinjiang, namely, Hotan, Kashgar, Aksu and Kizilsu Kirgiz, in particular have a poor eco-environment, weak economic foundations, and a serious shortfall in employment carrying capacity. They are identified as areas of extreme poverty. In addition, terrorists, separatists and religious extremists have long preached that "the afterlife is fated" and that "religious teachings are superior to state laws", inciting the public to resist learning the standard spoken and written Chinese language, reject modern science, and refuse to improve their vocational skills, economic conditions, and the ability to better their own lives. As a result, some local people have outdated ideas; they suffer from poor education and employability, low employment rates and incomes, and have fallen into long-term poverty. | | 新疆地处中国西北边陲，长期以来，受历史和自然等因素的影响，发展相对滞后，贫困人口较多。特别是南疆四地州（和田地区、喀什地区、阿克苏地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州）生态环境恶劣，经济基础薄弱，就业承载能力严重不足，是国家确定的深度贫困地区。加之长期以来暴力恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力鼓吹“来世天定”“教法大于国法”，煽动广大群众抵制学习国家通用语言文字，排斥现代科学知识，拒绝学习掌握就业技能、改善经济条件、提升自我发展能力，导致一些群众思想观念落后，文化程度不高，就业能力不足，就业率较低，收入十分有限，生活陷入长期贫困。 |
| Employment and job security carries great significance for ensuring people's right to work, improving their living standards, and promoting social harmony and stability. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, Xinjiang has vigorously implemented employment projects, enhanced vocational training, and expanded employment channels and capacity. Thanks to these efforts, the employment situation in Xinjiang has continued to improve, people's incomes and quality of life are rising, and their sense of gain, happiness and security has significantly increased. | | 做好劳动就业工作，对于保障各族人民劳动就业权利、发展和改善民生、促进社会和谐稳定意义重大。特别是2012年中共十八大以来，新疆大力实施就业惠民工程，持续加大就业培训力度，积极拓宽就业渠道，有效扩大就业容量，就业形势持续向好，各族群众收入水平不断提升、生活质量越来越高，获得感、幸福感、安全感显著增强。 |
| Policies have further improved. In recent years, to implement the national policies and strategies for stabilizing and facilitating employment and respond to calls from the public and local conditions, Xinjiang has successively formulated the Opinions of the CPC Committee and the People's Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Further Facilitating Employment and Business Startups, the Opinions of the People's Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Facilitating Employment and Business Startups Now and in the Future, and the 13th Five-Year Plan of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Facilitating Employment. Systematic arrangements have been made in the areas of economic development, governmental financial guarantees, tax incentives, support from the financial sector, and overall planning of urban and rural areas, different regions, and diverse groups, as well as in supporting flexible employment and helping groups in need to find jobs. All these provide a solid institutional guarantee for facilitating employment and safeguarding the rights and interests of workers. | | 政策体系进一步健全。近年来，新疆贯彻落实国家稳就业促就业决策部署，顺应人民呼声并结合自身实际，制定了《新疆维吾尔自治区党委 自治区人民政府关于进一步促进就业创业工作的意见》《新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府关于做好当前和今后一段时期就业创业工作的实施意见》《新疆维吾尔自治区“十三五”促进就业规划》等文件，在经济发展、财政保障、税收优惠、金融支持和城乡、区域、群体统筹，以及支持灵活就业、帮助困难群体就业等方面，作出系统安排，为促进劳动就业、维护劳动者权益提供了坚实的制度保障。 |
| The scale of employment has expanded continuously. Xinjiang focuses on areas of extreme poverty and key groups with difficulty finding work. It guides people of all ethnic groups to find work nearby, or to locate jobs or start their own businesses in cities, and encourages the impoverished workforce to seek employment outside their hometowns. From 2014 to 2019, the total number of people employed in Xinjiang rose from 11.35 million to 13.3 million, an increase of 17.2 percent. The average annual increase in urban employment was more than 471,200 people (148,000 in southern Xinjiang, accounting for 31.4 percent); and the average annual relocation of surplus rural labor was more than 2.76 million people, of whom nearly 1.68 million, or over 60 percent, were in southern Xinjiang. | | 就业规模不断扩大。聚焦劳动就业重点群体和深度贫困地区，引导各族群众就地就近就业、有序进城就业和自主创业，扎实推进贫困劳动力转移就业。2014年至2019年，新疆的劳动就业总人数从1135.24万人增加到1330.12万人，增长17.2%；年均新增城镇就业47.12万人以上，其中，南疆地区14.8万人，占比31.4%；年均农村富余劳动力转移就业276.3万人次以上，其中，南疆地区167.8万人次，占比60%以上。 |
| The employment structure has become more rational. Xinjiang considers supply-side structural reform as a key priority, and endeavors to raise the level of the primary industry, focus on key projects in the secondary industry, and boost the tertiary industry. It nurtures and strengthens industries with distinctive strengths and labor-intensive industries, and guides the orderly flow of labor to the tertiary industry. In terms of workforce distribution across the three industries, the ratio in 2014 was 45.4 : 16.0 : 38.6, which evolved to 36.4 : 14.1 : 49.5 in 2019. The tertiary industry saw an increase of 10.9 percentage points, making it the most job-intensive sector. In terms of workforce distribution in urban and rural areas, surplus rural labor is increasingly moving to cities and towns, and the ability of these places to absorb workforce has been strengthened. The number of people employed in cities and towns increased from 5.35 million in 2014 to 7.34 million in 2019, accounting for 55.2 percent of the total. | | 就业结构更趋合理。以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持一产上水平、二产抓重点、三产大发展，培育壮大特色优势产业和劳动密集型产业，引导劳动力向第三产业有序流动。从三次产业分布看，就业人员占比2014年为45.4∶16.0∶38.6，2019年为36.4∶14.1∶49.5，其中，第三产业就业人员占比提高了10.9个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。从城乡分布看，越来越多农村富余劳动力向城镇流动，城镇吸纳就业能力进一步增强。2014年城镇就业人数535.4万人，2019年增加至734.17万人，占全部就业人员的55.2%。 |
| The quality of the workforce has improved significantly. Thanks to the government's education projects, enrollments in preschool education, nine-year compulsory education, senior high school education, higher education and vocational education in Xinjiang have all reached the highest level in history. In 2019, there were 453,800 full-time students studying at universities and colleges (an increase of 146,200 over 2014), and 1.84 million students studying at secondary schools (an increase of 147,600 over 2014). Through vocational training, Xinjiang has built a large knowledge-based, skilled and innovative workforce that meets the requirements of the new era. Every year from 2014 to 2019 Xinjiang provided training sessions to an average of 1.29 million urban and rural workers, of which 451,400 were in southern Xinjiang. The trainees mastered at least one skill with employment potential, and the vast majority of them obtained vocational qualifications, skill level certificates, or specialized skill certificates, allowing them to go on to find stable employment. | | 劳动力素质明显提升。通过实施教育惠民工程，新疆的学前教育、九年义务教育、高中阶段教育、高等教育、职业教育均达历史最高水平。2019年，普通高等教育在校生45.38万人，比2014年增加14.62万人；中等教育在校生184.36万人，比2014年增加14.76万人。通过开展就业技能培训，培养造就了一支新时代知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军。据统计，2014年至2019年，全疆年均培训城乡各类劳动者128.8万人次，其中，南疆地区年均培训45.14万人次。参训人员至少掌握1项就业技能，绝大多数取得了职业资格证书、职业技能等级证书或专项职业能力证书，实现稳定就业。 |
The income of residents and workers has increased steadily. From 2014 to 2019, the per capita disposable income of residents in Xinjiang increased as follows:
-- urban residents: from RMB23,200 to RMB34,700 (an average annual nominal growth of 8.6 percent);
-- rural residents: from RMB8,724 to RMB13,100 (an average annual nominal growth of 8.9 percent);
-- urban residents in areas under the administration of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (a special entity entrusted by the state to cultivate and guard China's border area in Xinjiang): from RMB27,600 to RMB40,700 (an average annual nominal growth of 8.5 percent);
-- residents of the company residence areas of the Corps: from RMB13,900 to RMB22,000 (an average annual nominal growth of 9.9 percent);
-- average annual salary of employees in non-private sectors in cities and towns: from RMB53,500 to RMB79,400 (an annual growth of 8.4 percent);
-- average annual salary of employees in private sectors in cities and towns: from RMB36,200 to RMB45,900 (an annual growth of 5.4 percent).
From 2018 to 2019, 155,000 people from registered poor households in southern Xinjiang and in four impoverished regimental farms of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps found employment outside their hometowns and subsequently emerged from poverty. | | 居民和职工收入稳步增长。2014年至2019年，新疆维吾尔自治区城镇居民人均可支配收入由2.32万元增至3.47万元，年均名义增长8.6%，农村居民人均可支配收入由8724元增至1.31万元，年均名义增长8.9%；新疆生产建设兵团城镇居民人均可支配收入由2.76万元增至4.07万元，年均名义增长8.5%，连队居民人均可支配收入由1.39万元增至2.2万元，年均名义增长9.9%。全疆城镇非私营单位就业人员年均工资由5.35万元增至7.94万元，年均增长8.4%；城镇私营单位就业人员年均工资由3.62万元增至4.59万元，年均增长5.4%。2018年至2019年，南疆地区及兵团四个深度贫困团场有15.5万名建档立卡贫困家庭劳动力转移就业并实现了脱贫。 |
| The above statistics show that, in recent years Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results in providing employment services and job security to the residents, and the overall situation is good. However, it should be noted that Xinjiang is still faced with difficulties and challenges including a weak foundation for economic development, a large labor surplus in rural areas, and a low level of vocational skills. To solve its problem of employment in the long term, Xinjiang must further optimize the industrial structure, improve the quality of the workforce, and change people's outdated mindset. | | 事实说明，近年来新疆的劳动就业保障工作取得了显著成效，总体态势良好。但也要看到，还面临经济发展底子薄、农村富余劳动力人数多、就业技能水平低等困难和挑战。进一步优化产业结构、提升劳动力素质、转变思想观念，是解决新疆劳动就业的一项长期任务。 |
| II. Implementation of Proactive Policies on Employment | | 二、大力实施积极的就业政策 |
| In recent years, Xinjiang has formulated and put in place economic and social development strategies conducive to expanding employment, and has improved various policies to facilitate employment, with the goal of helping local people achieve stable, continuous, and long-term employment. | | 近年来，新疆更加注重制定实施有利于扩大就业的经济社会发展战略，及时健全完善各项促进就业政策，努力实现劳动者稳定就业、持续就业、长期就业。 |
| Upgrading the industrial structure to increase employment. Xinjiang has seized the development opportunities brought by the Belt and Road Initiative to diversify its industrial structure, promoting capital-, technology- and knowledge-intensive advanced manufacturing industries and emerging industries, boosting labor-intensive industries such as textiles and garments, shoes and accessories, and consumer electronics, and encouraging modern service industries such as e-commerce, cultural and creative businesses, all-area-advancing tourism, health care, and elderly care, all with a view to expanding the capacity and scale of employment. In 2012, Xinjiang Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone was established, utilizing competitive resources to develop six pillar industries, including new materials and new energy. By the end of 2019, the development zone was providing employment for more than 80,000 people. Since 2014, the state has given strong support to Xinjiang's textiles industry, which created 350,000 new jobs from 2017 to 2019. Prioritizing the development of agro-product processing and electronics assembly, Kashgar Prefecture has attracted related enterprises to its industrial development zones (IDZs) and helped them expand their production to rural areas. By the end of 2019, the prefecture had 210 agro-product processing enterprises providing 16,700 jobs, and 1,406 industrial enterprises located in the various IDZs providing 84,100 jobs. Aksu Prefecture has been integrating industry and vocational education, offering joint education programs by textile and garment enterprises and vocational schools, and has facilitated employment for 32,400 people. | | 优化产业结构扩充就业容量。紧紧抓住“一带一路”建设机遇，完善多元化产业体系，既注重发展资本、技术和知识密集的先进制造业和新兴产业，又大力发展纺织服装、消费电子、鞋帽箱包等劳动密集型产业，以及电子商务、文化创意、全域旅游、健康养老等现代服务业，着力拓展就业空间，扩大就业规模。2012年成立的新疆准东经济技术开发区，立足优势资源转换，大力发展新材料、新能源等六大产业，截至2019年底，已吸纳8万余人就业。2014年以来，国家大力支持新疆纺织业发展，仅2017年至2019年全疆纺织服装产业新增就业35万人。喀什地区重点发展农副产品加工、电子产品组装等产业，积极引进和培育相关企业入驻园区并向乡村生产车间延伸。截至2019年底，该地区有农副产品加工企业210家，吸纳就业1.67万人，各类园区落户工业企业1406家，吸纳就业8.41万人。阿克苏地区加强产教融合，推动纺织服装企业与职业院校联合办学，带动3.24万人就业。 |
| Assisting key groups to obtain stable employment. Xinjiang has adopted a policy to encourage surplus rural labor to work in or near their hometowns, developing "satellite factories" and "poverty alleviation workshops" in light of local conditions to create jobs, supporting rural organizations for labor service cooperation to facilitate employment, promoting IDZs to stabilize employment, and developing tourism to boost employment. Xinjiang has launched a three-year program to intensify its poverty alleviation efforts in 22 extremely poor counties in its south and 4 extremely poor regimental farms under the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. From 2018 to June 2020, the local government helped 221,000 people from registered poor households in southern Xinjiang to find work outside their hometowns. In Kashgar and Hotan prefectures, a three-year relocation assistance program from 2017 to 2019 for both urban and rural surplus labor helped 135,000 people to find jobs outside their hometowns. Xinjiang has provided dynamic, categorized and targeted assistance to people having difficulty finding work and to zero-employment households in the entire autonomous region -- having each and every one of them identified, registered, assisted, and ensured stable employment. From 2014 to 2019, Xinjiang provided jobs for 334,300 urban residents having difficulty finding work, and ensured that zero-employment households found jobs within 24 hours once they were identified. For university graduates, Xinjiang has implemented a number of plans to facilitate employment and the creation of new businesses, to guide them to work and grow at primary-level organizations, to encourage them to take up primary-level posts in education, agriculture, health care, and poverty alleviation in rural areas, and to help long-term unemployed youth find jobs. In 2019, the employment rate of university graduates in Xinjiang reached 90.4 percent, and the employment rate of ethnic minorities who graduated from universities in other parts of China and returned to Xinjiang reached 95.1 percent, both figures representing record highs. | | 帮助重点群体实现稳定就业。对农村富余劳动力，重点实施就地就近就业政策，因地制宜建立乡村“卫星工厂”“扶贫车间”吸纳就业，扶持农村劳务合作组织带动就业，推动产业（工业）园区稳定就业，发展旅游产业促进就业。聚焦南疆地区22个深度贫困县和兵团四个深度贫困团场，实施就业扶贫三年规划，2018年至2020年6月，累计帮助22.1万名建档立卡贫困家庭劳动力转移就业。在喀什、和田两个地区，实施城乡富余劳动力转移就业三年规划，2017年至2019年，累计帮助13.5万人转移就业。在全疆对就业困难人员和零就业家庭，实行实名动态管理和分类精准帮扶，做到“出现一户，认定一户，帮扶一户，稳定一户”。2014年至2019年，累计帮助33.43万名城镇就业困难人员实现就业，确保零就业家庭24小时动态清零。对高校毕业生，实施就业创业促进计划、基层成长计划、“三支一扶”计划、青年就业启航计划等，引导和鼓励毕业生到基层就业、到企业就业和自主创业。2019年，新疆高校应届毕业生就业率达90.36%，返疆内地高校新疆籍少数民族毕业生就业率达95.08%，均创历史新高。 |
| Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship to generate employment. Xinjiang promotes innovation as a new engine for creating jobs, and advances reform to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services. To encourage people who are eager and eligible to start their own businesses, the local government eases market access, improves policies in support of business startups, and sees to it that guaranteed loans, interest subsidies, allowances and tax breaks for startups are implemented. Xinjiang fosters platforms for innovation and entrepreneurship, improves capacity building for startups, and develops makerspaces which are market-oriented, professional, integrated and networked, to provide young entrepreneurs with more platforms and equal access to services. Currently, Xinjiang has 5 business incubation demonstration bases at national level and 27 at provincial and equivalent level, which have fostered 1,412 micro and small businesses and created more than 10,000 jobs. Xinjiang supports innovation-driven startups and entrepreneurs as capable job creators, and encourages Internet plus entrepreneurship to multiply employment opportunities. In 2019, Hotan Prefecture alone issued RMB910 million guaranteed loans for business startups, which helped 12,500 people to start businesses, including university graduates, rural workers and people having difficulty finding work. Xiao Min and five other women from Changji City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture founded a human resources service company. It has become a leader of the local labor supply chain, integrating human resource services, dispatch of labor, logistics outsourcing, policy consultancy, and IT application. It has more than 4,800 employees from various ethnic groups and serves 318 enterprises and public institutions across the whole of Xinjiang. It has provided jobs for more than 30,000 unemployed and surplus rural laborers, and has created a total value of RMB156 million. | | 支持创新创业带动就业。把创新作为扩大就业的新引擎，大力推进放管服改革，降低市场准入门槛，持续完善创业扶持政策，落实创业担保贷款及贴息、自主创业补贴、税费减免，支持有意愿、有条件的创业者创业。培育创新创业载体，加强创业服务能力建设，加快发展市场化、专业化、集成化、网络化的众创空间，为创业者提供更多的创业平台和均等化服务。目前，新疆已建设国家级创业孵化示范基地5个，自治区级（兵团级）创业孵化示范基地27个，累计孵化小微企业1412家，带动就业10121人。培育支持吸纳就业能力强的创新型创业企业和带头人，鼓励发展“互联网＋创业”，切实发挥创业带动就业的倍增效应。2019年，仅和田地区发放创业担保贷款9.1亿元，帮助高校毕业生、农村劳动力、就业困难人员等1.25万人创业。昌吉市萧民等6名妇女在当地人社部门的扶持下，创办了新疆巾帼众心人力资源服务有限公司，逐步成长为集人力资源服务、劳务派遣、后勤托管、政策咨询、信息化建设等多项业务为一体的劳务产业供应链龙头企业，有各族员工4800多人，为全疆318家企事业单位提供劳务服务，累计安置失业人员、农村富余劳动力3万多人次，实现总产值1.56亿元。 |
| Providing vocational training to facilitate employment. Based on the market demand for labor, Xinjiang focuses on improving employability of workers and promoting stable employment. It has developed a complete system of vocational education and training, including colleges for higher vocational and technical education, secondary technical schools, technical institutes, job placement training centers, employee training centers, and vocational education and training centers, with the goal of raising the basic quality of trainees and organizing training oriented to specific demands, jobs and employers. In 2019, Hotan Prefecture alone provided vocational training for 103,300 farmers and herders, of whom 98,300 found work, with an employment rate of over 95 percent. | | 开展技能培训促进就业。根据劳动力市场需求，着眼提升劳动者就业能力、增强就业稳定性，通过发展高等职业技术学院、中等专业技术学校、技工院校、就业培训中心、企业职工培训中心、职业技能教育培训中心等职业教育和培训机构，积极开展基本劳动素质培训和订单、定岗、定向就业技能培训，构建了比较完整的职业教育和培训体系。以和田地区为例，2019年共有10.33万农牧民参加就业技能培训，实现就业9.83万人，就业率达95.16%。 |
| Leveraging institutional strengths to expand employment channels. China has institutional strengths that promote equality and mutual assistance among all ethnic groups towards common development and progress. It has also formed a mechanism in which better-developed provinces pair up with and provide assistance for various parts of Xinjiang. Fully leveraging these strengths and this mechanism, Xinjiang coordinates jobs in and outside the autonomous region, to create favorable conditions for its local residents to work in other parts of China. Since 2014, 117,000 people in Xinjiang have achieved employment with higher income in other parts of the country. Following the principle of "providing training according to market demand and before dispatching workers", Xinjiang has organized employment-oriented training on standard spoken and written Chinese, relevant legal knowledge, general knowhow of urban life, and labor skills. Recipients of relocation assistance are provided by their employers with daily necessities and proper accommodation. In some provinces, enterprises provide them with public rental housing, low-rent housing, or housing for couples. Xinjiang provides timely registration and certification services for those who find employment through relocation assistance, to facilitate their medical care in their host provinces. Employers and host provinces help guarantee their children's access to kindergartens and schools, and help them integrate into local life and share local resources. | | 发挥制度优势拓宽就业渠道。新疆充分发挥中华民族大家庭各民族平等互助、共同发展进步的制度优势，利用国家对口援疆机制，统筹疆内疆外就业岗位，为各族群众到内地省（市）就业积极创造条件。2014年以来，已有11.7万人转移至收入更高的内地省（市）就业。新疆按照“按需培训、先培训后输出”的原则，开展以国家通用语言文字、法律知识、城市生活常识、劳动技能等为主要内容的就业培训。转移就业人员到达就业所在地后，由企业安排住宿，提供被褥、洗漱品等日常生活用品，保障务工人员的住宿条件。部分省（市）企业还为务工人员提供公租房、廉租房、夫妻房。新疆及时为转移就业人员办理异地就业备案手续，解决转移就业人员在当地看病就医问题。内地省（市）及企业及时帮助转移就业人员解决子女入托、上学等问题，推动务工人员与当地群众共事共学共享共乐。 |
Securing employment and public wellbeing in the face of Covid-19. In response to the impact of Covid-19, Xinjiang has coordinated epidemic prevention and control with social and economic development. It has worked hard to stabilize employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, and has put in place measures to guarantee jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government. The local government has taken multiple measures to alleviate economic difficulties and stabilize and boost employment, and adopted policies offering periodical and targeted cuts in taxes and other employer contributions, aiming to facilitate the resumption of production and business activities, and increase employment generated by investment and industries. Through all these measures, Xinjiang has achieved significant progress in increasing employment and ensuring public wellbeing while implementing Covid-19 control on an ongoing basis. This can be exemplified by the following statistics as of the end of June 2020:
-- cuts of some RMB7.6 billion to old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury compensation insurance paid by enterprises, which represents a 50 percent reduction of RMB1.9 billion for large enterprises, and a complete exemption of RMB5.7 billion for micro, small and medium enterprises.
-- approval to 1,237 enterprises in difficulties to postpone the payment of their social insurance premiums, totaling RMB706 million.
-- reimbursement of unemployment insurance premiums of RMB904 million to 83,100 enterprises, benefiting 1.8 million employees.
-- provision of various employment subsidies totaling about RMB1.7 billion to 552,400 people.
-- creation of 339,700 new jobs in cities and towns, 41,800 new businesses hiring 69,500 employees, and jobs for 31,600 people with difficulty finding work.
-- placement of 2.6 million surplus rural workers through relocation, a year-on-year increase of 46.1 percent. | | 克服疫情困难稳就业保民生。针对新冠肺炎疫情带来的不利影响，新疆统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，扎实做好稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期工作，全面落实保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转任务，实行减负、稳岗、扩就业等多项措施，实施阶段性、有针对性的减税降费政策，积极推动企业复工达产，有效推进复商复市，着力提升投资和产业带动就业能力。截至2020年6月底，全疆共减免企业养老、失业、工伤三项社会保险费75.53亿元，大型企业减半征收18.95亿元，中小微企业全免56.58亿元。核准缓缴困难企业社会保险费7.06亿元，惠及1237家企业。为8.31万户企业返还失业保险费9.04亿元，惠及职工183.61万人。55.24万人享受各项就业补贴16.95亿元。实现城镇新增就业33.97万人，新增创业4.18万人、带动就业6.95万人，就业困难人员实现就业3.16万人。农村富余劳动力转移就业256.5万人次，同比增长46.1%。通过多措并举，新疆在常态化疫情防控条件下，取得了扩大就业、保障民生的重要阶段性成果。 |
| III. Full Respect for Workers' Job Preferences | | 三、充分尊重劳动者的就业意愿 |
| Workers' job preferences have always served as an important reference for the local government of Xinjiang in designing its employment policies, expanding employment channels, creating jobs, organizing vocational training sessions, and providing placement services. This ensures that the people can make their own choices about work and enjoy a happy life. | | 新疆始终把尊重劳动者意愿作为制定就业政策、拓宽就业渠道、开发就业岗位、开展就业培训、提供就业服务的重要依据，确保广大劳动者能够自主自愿、心情舒畅地生产生活。 |
Forming a comprehensive picture of the local labor resources. The local government has constantly improved the statistical indicators for measuring employment and unemployment. It has put in place systems for monitoring labor resources in rural areas, employment in enterprises, and supply and demand on the human resource market, and has set up an unemployment monitoring and alert mechanism accordingly. Based on the labor offices at township/sub-district and village/community levels, local authorities have established basic information on the number, age, gender, education level, and employment status of the workforce in their respective jurisdiction. The monitoring and survey results serve as reference for formulating employment policies and plans. Surveys show that by the end of 2019, Xinjiang had a surplus rural workforce of 2.59 million people, among whom 1.65 million were in southern Xinjiang, accounting for almost two-thirds of the total.
．．．．．． | | 全面了解劳动力资源状况。持续完善就业失业统计指标体系，实施农村劳动力资源定点监测、企业用工监测和人力资源市场供求情况监测，建立失业监测预警机制，依托乡镇（街道）劳动保障事务所、村（社区）劳动保障工作站，对辖区内劳动力数量、年龄、性别、文化程度、就业状况等基本信息进行摸底，根据监测和调查结果制定就业政策和规划。调查显示，截至2019年底，全疆有农村富余劳动力259.03万人，其中，南疆地区165.41万人，占比63.86%。
．．．．．． |
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