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| Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Big Issues on Promoting the Reform and Development of Rural Areas | | 中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定 |
(Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC on October 12, 2008, October 15, 2008, No. 16 [2008] of the Central Committee of the CPC) | |
（2008年10月12日中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过 2008年10月15日 中发〔2008〕16号） |
The Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC comprehensively analyzed the current situations and tasks, holding that, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the reform and opening up of China, systematically looking back at the splendid history of the reform and development of the rural areas of China and summarizing the precious experience we learned from it, further unifying the understanding of the Party and the whole country, accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside and vigorously enhancing the overall development of urban and rural areas are of profound and important significance to thoroughly carrying out the tenet of the 17th CPC National Congress, deeply implementing the scientific view of development, making new advancements in building a well-off society in an all-round way and opening a new page for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Third Plenary Session studied several big issues on promoting the reform and development of rural areas under new situations and made the following decisions: | |
中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第三次全体会议全面分析了形势和任务，认为在改革开放三十周年之际，系统回顾总结我国农村改革发展的光辉历程和宝贵经验，进一步统一全党全社会认识，加快推进社会主义新农村建设，大力推动城乡统筹发展，对于全面贯彻党的十七大精神，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利、开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面，具有重大而深远的意义。全会研究了新形势下推进农村改革发展的若干重大问题，作出如下决定。 |
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| I. Great Significance of Promoting the Reform and Development of Rural Areas under New Situations | | 一、新形势下推进农村改革发展的重大意义 |
The issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers concern the overall development of the undertakings of the Party and the state. Through each of the historical stages of revolution, construction and reform, the Party has been insisting on combining the basic principles of the Marxism with the actual situations of China and has been attaching great importance to, seriously treating and focusing on the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. To the present, the Party has successfully broken a path leading to the victory of the New-Democratic Revolution and a path for developing socialism. | |
农业、农村、农民问题关系党和国家事业发展全局。在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期，我们党坚持把马克思主义基本原理同我国具体实际相结合，始终高度重视、认真对待、着力解决农业、农村、农民问题，成功开辟了新民主主义革命胜利道路和社会主义事业发展道路。 |
In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC made the historic decision of shifting the center of the work of the Party and the state to economic development and carrying out reform and opening-up. The Party took the overall development situations at home and abroad into consideration, respected the initiative spirit of farmers, started the reform from rural areas, then pushed it forward throughout the whole country, and led the people of the whole nation in composing a spectacular epic of reform and development. In the magnificent process of reform and opening-up, the Party has been insisting on following the Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Represents”, deeply carrying out the scientific view of development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and advancing with the times, which constantly pushes forward the reform and development of rural areas and brings world-shaking changes to the rural areas of China. The moves, such as abrogating the people's commune, determining the two-level management system which bases on household contractual management and combines centralized operation with decentralized operation, fully opening up the agro-product market, canceling the agricultural tax and directly giving subsidies to farmers, have initially formed a rural economic system which meets the situation of the state and the social productivity development requirements. The facts that our grain production has been constantly gaining new growths, the supply of agricultural products has become abundant with each passing day, the income of farmers has increased by a great margin and the poverty relief work has made great achievements show that we are able to feed a population of 1.3 billion on our own. The developments that township and village enterprises suddenly arise as a new force, small cities and towns develop in full flourish, the rural market booms, the labor force in rural areas removes to the cities for employment in large scale, millions of migrant workers become an important component of industrial workers, industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics are accelerated have effectively consolidated the worker-farmer alliance in new times. With the strengthening of the construction of socialist democratic politics and spiritual civilization and the accelerated development of social undertakings, the ideological and ethical quality, scientific and cultural quality and physical quality of the vast number of farmers have been improved. With the building of the Party in rural areas being constantly strengthened and the village-level organizations being improved around the Party organizations of villages, the Party's ruling basis in rural areas has been effectively cemented. The grand move of the reform and development of rural areas gives full play to the enthusiasm of millions of farmers, greatly emancipates and develops the social productivity of rural areas, and improves the material and cultural livelihood of farmers by a large extent. More importantly, the reform and development of rural areas make creative explorations on how to set up and improve the basic economic system and the socialist market economic system at the primary stage of socialism, make great contributions to the historic step of improving people's livelihood from shortage of food and clothes to a general well-off state and to the acceleration of the socialist modernization process, lay a firm basis for overcoming various kinds of difficulties and risks and maintaining the overall social stability, and accumulate precious experience for successively pioneering the socialist path with Chinese characteristics and forming a socialist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics. | |
一九七八年，党的十一届三中全会作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策。我们党全面把握国内外发展大局，尊重农民首创精神，率先在农村发起改革，并以磅礴之势推向全国，领导人民谱写了改革发展的壮丽史诗。在波澜壮阔的改革开放进程中，我们党坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，不断推进农村改革发展，使我国农村发生了翻天覆地的巨大变化。废除人民公社，确立以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，全面放开农产品市场，取消农业税，对农民实行直接补贴，初步形成了适合我国国情和社会生产力发展要求的农村经济体制；粮食生产不断跃上新台阶，农产品供应日益丰富，农民收入大幅增加，扶贫开发成效显著，依靠自己力量稳定解决了十三亿人口吃饭问题；乡镇企业异军突起，小城镇蓬勃发展，农村市场兴旺繁荣，农村劳动力大规模转移就业，亿万农民工成为产业工人重要组成部分，中国特色工业化、城镇化、农业现代化加快推进，切实巩固了新时期工农联盟；农村社会主义民主政治建设和精神文明建设不断加强，社会事业加速发展，显著提高了广大农民思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质；农村党的建设不断加强，以村党组织为核心的村级组织配套建设全面推进，有效夯实了党在农村的执政基础。农村改革发展的伟大实践，极大调动了亿万农民积极性，极大解放和发展了农村社会生产力，极大改善了广大农民物质文化生活。更为重要的是，农村改革发展的伟大实践，为建立和完善我国社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度和社会主义市场经济体制进行了创造性探索，为实现人民生活从温饱不足到总体小康的历史性跨越、推进社会主义现代化作出了巨大贡献，为战胜各种困难和风险、保持社会大局稳定奠定了坚实基础，为成功开辟中国特色社会主义道路、形成中国特色社会主义理论体系积累了宝贵经验。 |
Practice fully proves that it is possible to continue to emancipate and develop the social productivity of rural areas and promote the all-round economic and social development of rural areas only by insisting on prioritizing the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the work of the Party, insisting on the fundamental position of agriculture, sticking to the reform of the socialist market economy, following the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics and persisting in protecting the material interests and democratic rights of farmers. | |
实践充分证明，只有坚持把解决好农业、农村、农民问题作为全党工作重中之重，坚持农业基础地位，坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，坚持走中国特色农业现代化道路，坚持保障农民物质利益和民主权利，才能不断解放和发展农村社会生产力，推动农村经济社会全面发展。 |
Currently, the international situations are continuing to change profoundly and the reform of China is entering into a key stage. To take advantage of the important strategic and opportune period, realize the grand target of building a well-off society and accelerate the socialist modernization process, we need to make more efforts in carrying out the guideline of mind emancipation through the process of adhering to reform and opening-up, promoting scientific development and enhancing social harmony, and unswervingly promote the reform and development of rural areas. To continue to emancipate our mind, we must consider the great practice of reforming and developing rural areas, have the courage and insight to make explorations, and crack the difficult problems in rural development with new principles and new thoughts so as to provide undying spring for the theoretical and practical innovations of the Party. To adhere to reform and opening-up, we must know that the emphasis shall be put on the reform of rural areas, make breakthroughs in making overall plans on the reform of urban areas and that of rural areas, give new impetus to the development of rural areas, and add energy to the economic and social development of the whole country. To promote scientific development, we must reinforce agricultural development since it is the basis for scientific development, ensure food security and enough supply of major agricultural products, and promote the increase of agricultural production and the income of farmers and bring prosperity to rural areas so as to provide powerful support for the integrated, coordinated and sustainable social and economic development. To enhance social harmony, we must attach great importance to the stability of rural areas, improve the social management of rural areas, make the society more equitable and just, and make sure that farmers live and work in peace and contentment so as to lay a firm basis for the lasting peace and stability of the state. | |
当前，国际形势继续发生深刻变化，我国改革发展进入关键阶段。我们要抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，胜利实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，加快推进社会主义现代化，就要更加自觉地把继续解放思想落实到坚持改革开放、推动科学发展、促进社会和谐上来，毫不动摇地推进农村改革发展。继续解放思想，必须结合农村改革发展这个伟大实践，大胆探索、勇于开拓，以新的理念和思路破解农村发展难题，为推动党的理论创新、实践创新提供不竭源泉。坚持改革开放，必须把握农村改革这个重点，在统筹城乡改革上取得重大突破，给农村发展注入新的动力，为整个经济社会发展增添新的活力。推动科学发展，必须加强农业发展这个基础，确保国家粮食安全和主要农产品有效供给，促进农业增产、农民增收、农村繁荣，为经济社会全面协调可持续发展提供有力支撑。促进社会和谐，必须抓住农村稳定这个大局，完善农村社会管理，促进社会公平正义，保证农民安居乐业，为实现国家长治久安打下坚实基础。 |
New changes are occurring to the rural areas of China, the agriculture of China is facing new situations for being a part of international cooperation and competition, and there are as many difficulties and challenges as advantages for us in promoting the reform and development of rural areas, especially the deeply rooted contradictions caused by the dualistic structure of urban areas and rural areas. The economic system in rural areas is not good enough, the systematization level of agricultural production and operation is still low, and the agricultural product market, the collectivized agricultural services and the support and protection provided by the state to agricultural development are not sound, therefore it is a pressing requirement to build an integrated economic and social development structure for urban areas and rural areas. The agricultural sector of China is still developing in an extensive way, the agricultural infrastructure, technology and equipment are behind the times, the amount of farm land decreases sharply, restrictions from population, resources and environment become more and more, climatic changes become more and more influential, natural disasters occur more frequently, and the international food supply-and-demand contradiction becomes more and more prominent, therefore, we have more pressure to guarantee food security and balance the supply and demand of major agricultural products. As the public undertaking and public service level are relatively low in rural areas and regional development enlarges the income gaps between urban residents and rural residents, it would be an arduous task to change the underdeveloped look of rural areas. The social interest structure in rural areas changes a lot and some rural areas are poorly organized at the grassroots level, so it is an arduous task to improve the democratic and legal level, grassroots organization and social management in rural areas. In conclusion, the agricultural basis is still weak and needs the most efforts to make it strong; the development of rural areas still falls behind and needs the most efforts to support; and it is still difficult to increase the income of farmers and we need to make the most efforts to accelerate the process. Therefore, we must be prepared for danger in times of safety and redouble our efforts to cement the current good situation and enhance the future development of rural areas. | |
我国农村正在发生新的变革，我国农业参与国际合作和竞争正面临新的局面，推进农村改革发展具备许多有利条件，也面对不少困难和挑战，特别是城乡二元结构造成的深层次矛盾突出。农村经济体制尚不完善，农业生产经营组织化程度低，农产品市场体系、农业社会化服务体系、国家农业支持保护体系不健全，构建城乡经济社会发展一体化体制机制要求紧迫；农业发展方式依然粗放，农业基础设施和技术装备落后，耕地大量减少，人口资源环境约束增强，气候变化影响加剧，自然灾害频发，国际粮食供求矛盾突出，保障国家粮食安全和主要农产品供求平衡压力增大；农村社会事业和公共服务水平较低，区域发展和城乡居民收入差距扩大，改变农村落后面貌任务艰巨；农村社会利益格局深刻变化，一些地方农村基层组织软弱涣散，加强农村民主法制建设、基层组织建设、社会管理任务繁重。总之，农业基础仍然薄弱，最需要加强；农村发展仍然滞后，最需要扶持；农民增收仍然困难，最需要加快。我们必须居安思危、加倍努力，不断巩固和发展农村好形势。 |
The whole Party must deeply realize that agriculture is a strategic industry that brings peace to the whole country and stabilizes the state power and ruling, that there would be no modernization of the whole country if there is no modernization of agriculture, that the country would enjoy no prosperity and stability if there is no prosperity and stability in rural areas and that there would be no well-off society for the people of the whole country if farmers do not lead a well-off life. Generally, China has entered into a development stage where industrial development promotes agricultural development and urban development brings along rural development, a key time for accelerating the process of transforming the traditional agriculture and following the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics and an important period for demolishing the old dualistic structure of urban areas and rural areas and forming an integrated structure for the economic and social development of urban and rural areas. We must firmly bear in mind the basic situation of China at the primary stage of socialism and the development characteristics at the current stage, adapt to the new situations of the reform and development of rural areas, meet the new expectation of millions of farmers for living a better life, take time by the forelock and take advantage of the current good situations to break a broad path for agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics and open a new page for the building of a socialist new countryside. | |
全党必须深刻认识到，农业是安天下、稳民心的战略产业，没有农业现代化就没有国家现代化，没有农村繁荣稳定就没有全国繁荣稳定，没有农民全面小康就没有全国人民全面小康。我国总体上已进入以工促农、以城带乡的发展阶段，进入加快改造传统农业、走中国特色农业现代化道路的关键时刻，进入着力破除城乡二元结构、形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局的重要时期。我们要牢牢把握我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情和当前发展的阶段性特征，适应农村改革发展新形势，顺应亿万农民过上美好生活新期待，抓住时机、乘势而上，努力开辟中国特色农业现代化的广阔道路，奋力开创社会主义新农村建设的崭新局面。 |
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| II. Guidelines, Tasks and Important Principles for Promoting the Reform and Development of Rural Areas | | |
To promote the reform and development of rural areas under new situations, we need to carry through the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the CPC in an all-round way, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Represents”, put into practice the scientific view of development, take the building of a socialist new countryside as a strategic task, take following the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics as the basic orientation, take accelerating the establishment of an integrated structure for the economic and social development of urban and rural areas as the fundamental requirement, stick to the guideline that industry feeds agriculture back, the guideline that urban areas support rural areas and the guideline of “giving more, requiring less and giving more freedom”, innovate on the relevant systems and mechanisms, strengthen agriculture's basic status, increase the income of farmers, protect their rights and interests, enhance harmony in rural areas, put the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of farmers into good use, and promote the fast yet healthy development of rural economy and society. | |
新形势下推进农村改革发展，要全面贯彻党的十七大精神，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，把建设社会主义新农村作为战略任务，把走中国特色农业现代化道路作为基本方向，把加快形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局作为根本要求，坚持工业反哺农业、城市支持农村和多予少取放活方针，创新体制机制，加强农业基础，增加农民收入，保障农民权益，促进农村和谐，充分调动广大农民的积极性、主动性、创造性，推动农村经济社会又好又快发展。 |
According to the new requirements on realizing the objective of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the requirements of “production development, well-off livelihood, civilized countryside ethos, clean village physiognomy and democratic administration” for the building of a new socialist countryside as put forward in the 17th National Congress of our Party, by 2020, the following basic objectives for the reform and development of rural areas shall be realized: the rural economic system is better, the integrated structure for the economic and social development of urban and rural areas is basically established; great progress is made in the building of a modern agriculture, the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture is obviously improved, and food security and the supply of major agricultural products are guaranteed; the per capita net income of farmers doubles that of 2008, the consumption level is raised by a large margin, and absolute poverty is basically eliminated; the grassroots organization in rural areas is further improved, the system for autonomy by villagers is improved, and the democratic rights of farmers are under protection; the basic public services are further equalized between urban areas and rural areas, rural culture further flourishes, the basic cultural rights and interests of farmers are better protected, every person in rural areas enjoys the opportunity for good education, the basic living security system, basic medical system and basic health system are better in rural areas, and the social management system in rural areas is further improved; and an agricultural production system which saves resources and is friendly to environment is basically formed, the living environment and ecological environment of rural areas are obviously improved, and the capability for sustainable development keeps improving. | |
根据党的十七大提出的实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求和建设生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主的社会主义新农村要求，到二0二0年，农村改革发展基本目标任务是：农村经济体制更加健全，城乡经济社会发展一体化体制机制基本建立；现代农业建设取得显著进展，农业综合生产能力明显提高，国家粮食安全和主要农产品供给得到有效保障；农民人均纯收入比二00八年翻一番，消费水平大幅提升，绝对贫困现象基本消除；农村基层组织建设进一步加强，村民自治制度更加完善，农民民主权利得到切实保障；城乡基本公共服务均等化明显推进，农村文化进一步繁荣，农民基本文化权益得到更好落实，农村人人享有接受良好教育的机会，农村基本生活保障、基本医疗卫生制度更加健全，农村社会管理体系进一步完善；资源节约型、环境友好型农业生产体系基本形成，农村人居和生态环境明显改善，可持续发展能力不断增强。 |
To realize the above-mentioned objectives, the following big principles must be followed: | |
实现上述目标任务，要遵循以下重大原则。 |
We must cement and strengthen the basic status of agriculture and take feeding a population of more than a billion as the first job for running the country well and bringing peace to the country. We shall adhere to the principle of feeding ourselves basically on our own, make more efforts to support and protect the agricultural sector, carry out deeply the strategy of revitalizing agriculture with science and technology, accelerate the development of modern agriculture, and realize the comprehensive and stable agricultural development so as to lay a firm basis for promoting economic development, enhancing social harmony and maintaining the safety of the whole country. | |
--必须巩固和加强农业基础地位，始终把解决好十几亿人口吃饭问题作为治国安邦的头等大事。坚持立足国内实现粮食基本自给方针，加大国家对农业支持保护力度，深入实施科教兴农战略，加快现代农业建设，实现农业全面稳定发展，为推动经济发展、促进社会和谐、维护国家安全奠定坚实基础。 |
We must effectively protect the rights and interests of farmers and take realizing, protecting and developing the basic interests of farmers as the basis for all rural work all the time. We shall adhere to the principle of “for the people”, respect the will of farmers, focus on solving the most direct and realistic interest problems that are most concerned by farmers, protect their political, economic, cultural and social rights and interests, improve their comprehensive quality, support their integrated development, give full play to their role as the principal part of the agricultural sector and their initiative spirit, and build a socialist new countryside by the hands of millions of farmers. | |
--必须切实保障农民权益，始终把实现好、维护好、发展好广大农民根本利益作为农村一切工作的出发点和落脚点。坚持以人为本，尊重农民意愿，着力解决农民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，保障农民政治、经济、文化、社会权益，提高农民综合素质，促进农民全面发展，充分发挥农民主体作用和首创精神，紧紧依靠亿万农民建设社会主义新农村。 |
We must continue to emancipate and develop the social productivity of rural areas and take reform and innovation as the basic driving force for rural development all the time. We shall unremittingly push forward the reform of rural areas and the innovation of systems, make reform decisions more scientific, make reform measures more consistent with each other, give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen and improve the state's control and guidance of the development of agriculture and rural areas, improve the rural economic system which meets the requirements for developing a socialist market economy, and adjust the production relationships and superstructures that fail to meet the requirements for developing the social productivity of rural areas so as to ensure the vigorous and energetic economic and social development in rural areas. | |
--必须不断解放和发展农村社会生产力，始终把改革创新作为农村发展的根本动力。坚持不懈推进农村改革和制度创新，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，加强和改善国家对农业农村发展的调控和引导，健全符合社会主义市场经济要求的农村经济体制，调整不适应农村社会生产力发展要求的生产关系和上层建筑，使农村经济社会发展充满活力。 |
We must make overall planning on the economic and social development of urban and rural areas and always stick to the important strategy of building new types of industry-agriculture and urban-rural relationships to accelerate the modernization process. We need to make overall planning on industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, accelerate the process of building a long-term effective mechanism under which industrial development promotes agricultural development and rural areas are developed with help from urban areas, adjust the national income distribution structure, consolidate and improve the policies for supporting and benefiting agriculture, rural areas and farmers, place the emphasis of the infrastructural construction and public undertaking development of the state on rural areas, equalize the basic public services in urban and rural areas, and realize the coordinated development between urban and rural areas and among different regions so as to make it possible for farmers to equally get involved in the modernization process and share the achievements from reform and development. | |
--必须统筹城乡经济社会发展，始终把着力构建新型工农、城乡关系作为加快推进现代化的重大战略。统筹工业化、城镇化、农业现代化建设，加快建立健全以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，调整国民收入分配格局，巩固和完善强农惠农政策，把国家基础设施建设和社会事业发展重点放在农村，推进城乡基本公共服务均等化，实现城乡、区域协调发展，使广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共享改革发展成果。 |
We must adhere to the principle that the Party takes charge of the rural work and provide political guarantee for promoting the reform and development of rural areas by strengthening and improving the Party's leadership over the rural work. We shall stick to the principle of always being practical and following the Party's basic policies for rural areas, strengthen the grassroots organization and political construction of rural areas, improve the work mechanism and methods for the Party to take charge of the rural work, maintain the flesh and blood connection between the Party and farmers, consolidate the Party's ruling basis in rural areas, and form a strong resultant force for promoting the reform and development of rural areas. | |
--必须坚持党管农村工作，始终把加强和改善党对农村工作的领导作为推进农村改革发展的政治保证。坚持一切从实际出发，坚持党在农村的基本政策，加强农村基层组织和基层政权建设，完善党管农村工作体制机制和方式方法，保持党同农民群众的血肉联系，巩固党在农村的执政基础，形成推进农村改革发展强大合力。 |
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| III. Making Vigorous Efforts to Promote Reform and Innovation and Strengthening the System Building in Rural Areas | | 三、大力推进改革创新，加强农村制度建设 |
To realize the strategic objectives of rural development and speed up the agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, we must make breakthroughs in the key links of the structural reform of rural areas according to the requirements for making overall planning on urban and rural development as soon as possible, open up the rural economy wider, optimize the external environment for rural development, and reinforce the work of providing systematic guarantee for rural development. | |
实现农村发展战略目标，推进中国特色农业现代化，必须按照统筹城乡发展要求，抓紧在农村体制改革关键环节上取得突破，进一步放开搞活农村经济，优化农村发展外部环境，强化农村发展制度保障。 |
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| 1. Stabilizing and improving the basic operation systems in rural areas. The two-level management system which bases itself on household contractual management and combines centralized operation with decentralized operation is the rural basic operation system which fits the socialist market economy system and the characteristics of agricultural production and a cornerstone of the Party's rural policies, so it shall be observed unswervingly. We need to give farmers more secure land contract and management rights and stabilize the current land contract relationships and keep them fixed for long; make innovations in the agricultural operation system and accelerate the transformation of the mode of operation of agriculture; introduce more advanced science and technology and means of production to household operation, increase the input in technology, capital and other elements of production, and concentrate our efforts on improving the intensive level; develop unified operation toward the unity and cooperation of farmer households and the formation of a diversified, multi-layer and multi-form operation service system, develop collective economy, strengthen collective organization and service, form new types of farmers' cooperation organizations, develop various kinds of organizations to provide services for the socialization of agriculture, encourage leading enterprises to establish a close interest connection mechanism with farmers, and concentrate efforts on improving the organization level; meet the requirements of serving farmers, free entry and exit, equal rights and democratic management, and speed up the development of farmers' professional cooperatives so as to make them the modern agricultural operation organizations that can lead farmers to be a part of the competition in both domestic market and international market; enhance the reform of the collective forestry rights system in an all-round way, and conduct the pilot operation of the reform of the forestry rights system in more state-owned forest centers and key national forest areas; promote the reform of state-owned farm system; and stabilize and improve the grassland contract and management system. | | （一）稳定和完善农村基本经营制度。以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，是适应社会主义市场经济体制、符合农业生产特点的农村基本经营制度，是党的农村政策的基石，必须毫不动摇地坚持。赋予农民更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权，现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变。推进农业经营体制机制创新，加快农业经营方式转变。家庭经营要向采用先进科技和生产手段的方向转变，增加技术、资本等生产要素投入，着力提高集约化水平；统一经营要向发展农户联合与合作，形成多元化、多层次、多形式经营服务体系的方向转变，发展集体经济、增强集体组织服务功能，培育农民新型合作组织，发展各种农业社会化服务组织，鼓励龙头企业与农民建立紧密型利益联结机制，着力提高组织化程度。按照服务农民、进退自由、权利平等、管理民主的要求，扶持农民专业合作社加快发展，使之成为引领农民参与国内外市场竞争的现代农业经营组织。全面推进集体林权制度改革，扩大国有林场和重点国有林区林权制度改革试点。推进国有农场体制改革。稳定和完善草原承包经营制度。 |
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2. Improving the strict and standard rural land management system. Land system is the basic system in rural areas. According to the principles of clear property rights, land use control, economical and intensive use of land and strict management, we need to further improve the rural land management system, stick to the most rigid farmland protection system, have each level bear its responsibilities, firmly keep the 1.8 billion mu of arable land, determine some land as the permanent basic farmland, and establish a farmland protection and compensation mechanism so as to make sure that the total quantity of basic farmland does not decrease, it is not changed to other uses and its quality gets improved. We shall continue to make efforts in land arrangement and re-reclamation and supplement farmland before occupying it, and may not seek balance for the occupation of farmland in one province, district or city from the supplementation of farmland in another place. We need to do a good job in the confirmation, registration and licensing of land ownership and land use right, improve the power and functions relating to the land contract and management rights, protect farmers' rights to occupy, use and get income from land contract, make more efforts to manage and serve the circulation of land contracted management rights, set up a good land contracted management right circulation market, allow farmers to circulate land contracted management rights in the form of subcontract, lease, exchange, assignment or stock cooperation lawfully, voluntarily and for compensation, and develop various forms of moderate scale management. Places with mature conditions can develop big specialized households, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives, etc. It is not allowed to change the collective ownership and uses of land or damage the land contracting rights and interests of farmers in the process of the circulation of land contracted management rights. It is required to apply the most rigid rules for using land in an economical way, strictly control the total quantity of land used for construction in urban and rural areas, improve the house site system in rural areas, strictly manage house sites, and protect farmers' usufructuary rights of house sites. The land saved from the rearrangements of house sites and villages in rural areas shall be firstly re-reclaimed into arable land, and, when it is used for construction, it shall conform to the land use planning, be incorporated into the annual construction land plan and be firstly used for collective constructions. We shall reform the land requisition system, strictly define the land for public good from that for commercial construction, gradually narrow the scope of land subject to requisition, and improve the land-requisition compensation mechanism; requisition the collective land in rural areas according to law, make timely compensations to collective organizations and farmers under the principle of same price for same kind of land, and take good care of the employment, housing and social security issues of farmers whose land is requisitioned; allow farmers to participate, through various means, in the development and management of those non-public welfare projects which are approved to use the collective land in rural areas beyond the scope of land used for urban construction as determined in the land use planning, and protect their legal rights and interests in the process; gradually unify the construction land use market in urban areas and that in rural areas, transfer the right to use the construction land owned by rural collectives through a unified tangible land market by public and legal ways, and give collective land equal rights and interests as state-owned land if they meet the land planning; and improve the relevant laws, regulations and policies as soon as possible and promote the reform of the land management system in rural areas.
．．．．．． | | （二）健全严格规范的农村土地管理制度。土地制度是农村的基础制度。按照产权明晰、用途管制、节约集约、严格管理的原则，进一步完善农村土地管理制度。坚持最严格的耕地保护制度，层层落实责任，坚决守住十八亿亩耕地红线。划定永久基本农田，建立保护补偿机制，确保基本农田总量不减少、用途不改变、质量有提高。继续推进土地整理复垦开发，耕地实行先补后占，不得跨省区市进行占补平衡。搞好农村土地确权、登记、颁证工作。完善土地承包经营权权能，依法保障农民对承包土地的占有、使用、收益等权利。加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务，建立健全土地承包经营权流转市场，按照依法自愿有偿原则，允许农民以转包、出租、互换、转让、股份合作等形式流转土地承包经营权，发展多种形式的适度规模经营。有条件的地方可以发展专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社等规模经营主体。土地承包经营权流转，不得改变土地集体所有性质，不得改变土地用途，不得损害农民土地承包权益。实行最严格的节约用地制度，从严控制城乡建设用地总规模。完善农村宅基地制度，严格宅基地管理，依法保障农户宅基地用益物权。农村宅基地和村庄整理所节约的土地，首先要复垦为耕地，调剂为建设用地的必须符合土地利用规划、纳入年度建设用地计划，并优先满足集体建设用地。改革征地制度，严格界定公益性和经营性建设用地，逐步缩小征地范围，完善征地补偿机制。依法征收农村集体土地，按照同地同价原则及时足额给农村集体组织和农民合理补偿，解决好被征地农民就业、住房、社会保障。在土地利用规划确定的城镇建设用地范围外，经批准占用农村集体土地建设非公益性项目，允许农民依法通过多种方式参与开发经营并保障农民合法权益。逐步建立城乡统一的建设用地市场，对依法取得的农村集体经营性建设用地，必须通过统一有形的土地市场、以公开规范的方式转让土地使用权，在符合规划的前提下与国有土地享有平等权益。抓紧完善相关法律法规和配套政策，规范推进农村土地管理制度改革。
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