| Judges Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中華人民共和國法官法 |
| (Adpoted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on February 28, 1995; amended according to the Decision on Amending the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 22nd Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 30, 2001; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending Eight Laws Including the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China at the 29th Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on September 1, 2017) | | （1995年2月28日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十二次會議通過 根據2001年6月30日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十二次會議《關于修改〈中華人民共和國法官法〉的決定》第一次修正 根據2017年9月1日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議《關于修改〈中華人民共和國法官法〉等八部法律的決定》第二次修正） |
| Contents | | 目錄 |
| Chapter 1 General Provisions | | 第一章 總 則 |
| Chapter 2 Functions and Duties | | 第二章 職 責 |
| Chapter 3 Obligations and Rights | | 第三章 義務和權利 |
| Chapter 4 Qualifications for a Judge | | 第四章 法官的條件 |
| Chapter 5 Appointment and Removal | | 第五章 任 免 |
| Chapter 6 Posts to be Avoided | | 第六章 任職回避 |
| Chapter 7 Grades of Judges | | 第七章 法官的等級 |
| Chapter 8 Appraisal | | 第八章 考 核 |
| Chapter 9 Training | | 第九章 培 訓 |
| Chapter 10 Awards | | 第十章 獎 勵 |
| Chapter 11 Punishment | | 第十一章 懲 戒 |
| Chapter 12 Salary, Insurance and Welfare | | 第十二章 工資保險福利 |
| Chapter 13 Resignation and Dismissal | | 第十三章 辭職辭退 |
| Chapter 14 Retirement | | 第十四章 退 休 |
| Chapter 15 Petition and Complaint | | 第十五章 申訴控告 |
| Chapter 16 Commission for Examination and Assessment of Judges | | 第十六章 法官考評委員會 |
| Chapter 17 Supplementary Provisions | | 第十七章 附 則 |
| Chapter 1 General Provisions | | 第一章 總 則 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to enhance the quality of judges, to reinforce the administration of judges, to ensure that the People's Courts independently exercise judicial authority according to law and that judges perform their functions and duties according to law, and to ensure the judicial justice. | | 第一條 為了提高法官的素質，加強對法官的管理，保障人民法院依法獨立行使審判權，保障法官依法履行職責，保障司法公正，根據憲法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 Judges are the judicial personnel who exercise the judicial authority of the State according to law, including presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, judges and assistant judges of the Supreme People's Court, local People's Courts at various levels and special People's Courts such as military courts. | | 第二條 法官是依法行使國家審判權的審判人員，包括最高人民法院、地方各級人民法院和軍事法院等專門人民法院的院長、副院長、審判委員會委員、庭長、副庭長、審判員和助理審判員。 |
| Article 3 Judges must faithfully implement the Constitution and laws, and serve the people whole-heartedly. | | 第三條 法官必須忠實執行憲法和法律，全心全意為人民服務。 |
| Article 4 Judges, when performing their functions and duties according to law, shall be protected by law. | | 第四條 法官依法履行職責，受法律保護。 |
| Chapter 2 Functions and Duties | | 第二章 職 責 |
| Article 5 The functions and duties of judges are as follows: | | 第五條 法官的職責： |
| (1) to take part in a trial as a member of a collegial panel or to try a case alone according to law; and | | （一）依法參加合議庭審判或者獨任審判案件； |
| (2) to perform other functions and duties as provided by law. | | （二）法律規定的其他職責。 |
| Article 6 Presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief judges, associate chief judges of divisions shall, in addition to the judicial functions and duties, perform other functions and duties commensurate with their posts. | | 第六條 院長、副院長、審判委員會委員、庭長、副庭長除履行審判職責外，還應當履行與其職務相適應的職責。 |
| Chapter 3 Obligations and Rights | | 第三章 義務和權利 |
| Article 7 Judges shall perform the following obligations: | | 第七條 法官應當履行下列義務： |
| (1) to strictly observe the Constitution and laws; | | （一）嚴格遵守憲法和法律； |
| (2) to take facts as the basis, and laws as the criterion when trying cases, to handle cases impartially, and not to bend law for personal gain; | | （二）審判案件必須以事實為根據，以法律為准繩，秉公辦案，不得徇私枉法； |
| (3) to protect the litigation rights of the participants in proceedings according to law; | | （三）依法保障訴訟參與人的訴訟權利； |
| (4) to safeguard the State interests and public interests, and to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of natural persons, legal persons and other organizations; | | （四）維護國家利益、公共利益，維護自然人、法人和其他組織的合法權益； |
| (5) to be honest and clean, faithful in performing their duties, and to abide by discipline and professional ethics; | | （五）清正廉明，忠于職守，遵守紀律，恪守職業道德； |
| (6) to keep State secrets and the secrets of judicial work; and | | （六）保守國家秘密和審判工作秘密； |
| (7) to accept legal supervision and supervision by the masses. | | （七）接受法律監督和人民群眾監督。 |
| Article 8 Judges shall enjoy the following rights: | | 第八條 法官享有下列權利： |
| (1) to have the power and working conditions which are essential to the performance of functions and duties of judges; | | （一）履行法官職責應當具有的職權和工作條件； |
| (2) to brook no interference from administrative organs, public organizations or individuals in trying cases according to law; | | （二）依法審判案件不受行政機關、社會團體和個人的幹涉； |
| (3) to be not removed or demoted from the post or dismissed, and to be not given a sanction, without statutory basis and without going through statutory procedures; | | （三）非因法定事由、非經法定程序，不被免職、降職、辭退或者處分； |
| (4) to be remunerated for work and to enjoy insurance and welfare benefits; | | （四）獲得勞動報酬，享受保險、福利待遇； |
| (5) to enjoy the safety of the person, property and residence as ensured by law; | | （五）人身、財產和住所安全受法律保護； |
| (6) to receive training; | | （六）參加培訓； |
| (7) to lodge petitions or complaints; and | | （七）提出申訴或者控告； |
| (8) to resign their posts. | | （八）辭職。 |
| Chapter 4 Qualifications for a Judge | | 第四章 法官的條件 |
| Article 9 A judge must possess the following qualifications: | | 第九條 擔任法官必須具備下列條件： |
| (1) to be of the nationality of the People's Republic of China; | | （一）具有中華人民共和國國籍； |
| (2) to have reached the age of 23; | | （二）年滿二十三歲； |
| (3) to endorse the Constitution of the People's Republic of China; | | （三）擁護中華人民共和國憲法； |
| (4) to have fine political and professional quality and to be good in conduct; | | （四）有良好的政治、業務素質和良好的品行； |
| (5) to be in good health; and | | （五）身體健康； |
| (6)to have engaged in the legal work for at least two years in the case of graduates of law major of colleges or universities or from non-law majors of colleges or universities but possessing the professional knowledge of law, and among whom those to assume the posts of judges of superior People's Courts and of the Supreme People's Court shall have engaged in the legal work for at least three years; or to have engaged in the legal work for at least one year in the case of those who have Master's Degree of Law or Doctor's Degree of Law, or those who have Master's Degree or Doctor's Degree of non-law majors but possess the professional knowledge of law, and among whom those to assume the posts of judges of superior People's Courts and of the Supreme People's Court shall have engaged in the legal work for at least two years. | | （六）高等院校法律專業本科畢業或者高等院校非法律專業本科畢業具有法律專業知識，從事法律工作滿二年，其中擔任高級人民法院、最高人民法院法官，應當從事法律工作滿三年；獲得法律專業碩士學位、博士學位或者非法律專業碩士學位、博士學位具有法律專業知識，從事法律工作滿一年，其中擔任高級人民法院、最高人民法院法官，應當從事法律工作滿二年。 |
| The judicial personnel who do not possess the qualifications as provided by item (6) of the preceding paragraph prior to the implementation of this law shall receive training, the specific measures shall be made by the Supreme People's Court. | | 本法施行前的審判人員不具備前款第六項規定的條件的，應當接受培訓，具體辦法由最高人民法院制定。 |
| For the places where it is really difficult to apply the academic qualification as provided by the sixth item of the first paragraph, after being examined and determined by the Supreme People's Court, the academic qualification for judges may be eased for a specific period as two-year graduates of law major of colleges and universities. | | 適用第一款第六項規定的學曆條件確有困難的地方，經最高人民法院審核確定，在一定期限內，可以將擔任法官的學曆條件放寬為高等院校法律專業專科畢業。 |
| Article 10 The following persons shall not hold the post of a judge: | | 第十條 下列人員不得擔任法官： |
| (1) to have been subjected to criminal punishment for commission of a crime; or | | （一）曾因犯罪受過刑事處罰的； |
| (2)to have been discharged from public employment. | | （二）曾被開除公職的。 |
| Chapter 5 Appointment and Removal | | 第五章 任 免 |
Article 11 A judge shall be appointed or removed from the post in accordance with the limit of authority for, and procedures of, appointment or removal as prescribed by the Constitution and laws.
．．．．．． | | 第十一條 法官職務的任免，依照憲法和法律規定的任免權限和程序辦理。
．．．．．． |
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