| Judges Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国法官法 |
| (Adpoted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on February 28, 1995; amended according to the Decision on Amending the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 22nd Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 30, 2001; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending Eight Laws Including the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China at the 29th Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on September 1, 2017) | | （1995年2月28日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过 根据2001年6月30日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十二次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国法官法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2017年9月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国法官法〉等八部法律的决定》第二次修正） |
| Contents | | 目录 |
| Chapter 1 General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter 2 Functions and Duties | | 第二章 职 责 |
| Chapter 3 Obligations and Rights | | 第三章 义务和权利 |
| Chapter 4 Qualifications for a Judge | | 第四章 法官的条件 |
| Chapter 5 Appointment and Removal | | 第五章 任 免 |
| Chapter 6 Posts to be Avoided | | 第六章 任职回避 |
| Chapter 7 Grades of Judges | | 第七章 法官的等级 |
| Chapter 8 Appraisal | | 第八章 考 核 |
| Chapter 9 Training | | 第九章 培 训 |
| Chapter 10 Awards | | 第十章 奖 励 |
| Chapter 11 Punishment | | 第十一章 惩 戒 |
| Chapter 12 Salary, Insurance and Welfare | | 第十二章 工资保险福利 |
| Chapter 13 Resignation and Dismissal | | 第十三章 辞职辞退 |
| Chapter 14 Retirement | | 第十四章 退 休 |
| Chapter 15 Petition and Complaint | | 第十五章 申诉控告 |
| Chapter 16 Commission for Examination and Assessment of Judges | | 第十六章 法官考评委员会 |
| Chapter 17 Supplementary Provisions | | 第十七章 附 则 |
| Chapter 1 General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to enhance the quality of judges, to reinforce the administration of judges, to ensure that the People's Courts independently exercise judicial authority according to law and that judges perform their functions and duties according to law, and to ensure the judicial justice. | | 第一条 为了提高法官的素质，加强对法官的管理，保障人民法院依法独立行使审判权，保障法官依法履行职责，保障司法公正，根据宪法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 Judges are the judicial personnel who exercise the judicial authority of the State according to law, including presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, judges and assistant judges of the Supreme People's Court, local People's Courts at various levels and special People's Courts such as military courts. | | 第二条 法官是依法行使国家审判权的审判人员，包括最高人民法院、地方各级人民法院和军事法院等专门人民法院的院长、副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员和助理审判员。 |
| Article 3 Judges must faithfully implement the Constitution and laws, and serve the people whole-heartedly. | | 第三条 法官必须忠实执行宪法和法律，全心全意为人民服务。 |
| Article 4 Judges, when performing their functions and duties according to law, shall be protected by law. | | 第四条 法官依法履行职责，受法律保护。 |
| Chapter 2 Functions and Duties | | 第二章 职 责 |
| Article 5 The functions and duties of judges are as follows: | | 第五条 法官的职责： |
| (1) to take part in a trial as a member of a collegial panel or to try a case alone according to law; and | | （一）依法参加合议庭审判或者独任审判案件； |
| (2) to perform other functions and duties as provided by law. | | （二）法律规定的其他职责。 |
| Article 6 Presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief judges, associate chief judges of divisions shall, in addition to the judicial functions and duties, perform other functions and duties commensurate with their posts. | | 第六条 院长、副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长除履行审判职责外，还应当履行与其职务相适应的职责。 |
| Chapter 3 Obligations and Rights | | 第三章 义务和权利 |
| Article 7 Judges shall perform the following obligations: | | 第七条 法官应当履行下列义务： |
| (1) to strictly observe the Constitution and laws; | | （一）严格遵守宪法和法律； |
| (2) to take facts as the basis, and laws as the criterion when trying cases, to handle cases impartially, and not to bend law for personal gain; | | （二）审判案件必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，秉公办案，不得徇私枉法； |
| (3) to protect the litigation rights of the participants in proceedings according to law; | | （三）依法保障诉讼参与人的诉讼权利； |
| (4) to safeguard the State interests and public interests, and to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of natural persons, legal persons and other organizations; | | （四）维护国家利益、公共利益，维护自然人、法人和其他组织的合法权益； |
| (5) to be honest and clean, faithful in performing their duties, and to abide by discipline and professional ethics; | | （五）清正廉明，忠于职守，遵守纪律，恪守职业道德； |
| (6) to keep State secrets and the secrets of judicial work; and | | （六）保守国家秘密和审判工作秘密； |
| (7) to accept legal supervision and supervision by the masses. | | （七）接受法律监督和人民群众监督。 |
| Article 8 Judges shall enjoy the following rights: | | 第八条 法官享有下列权利： |
| (1) to have the power and working conditions which are essential to the performance of functions and duties of judges; | | （一）履行法官职责应当具有的职权和工作条件； |
| (2) to brook no interference from administrative organs, public organizations or individuals in trying cases according to law; | | （二）依法审判案件不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉； |
| (3) to be not removed or demoted from the post or dismissed, and to be not given a sanction, without statutory basis and without going through statutory procedures; | | （三）非因法定事由、非经法定程序，不被免职、降职、辞退或者处分； |
| (4) to be remunerated for work and to enjoy insurance and welfare benefits; | | （四）获得劳动报酬，享受保险、福利待遇； |
| (5) to enjoy the safety of the person, property and residence as ensured by law; | | （五）人身、财产和住所安全受法律保护； |
| (6) to receive training; | | （六）参加培训； |
| (7) to lodge petitions or complaints; and | | （七）提出申诉或者控告； |
| (8) to resign their posts. | | （八）辞职。 |
| Chapter 4 Qualifications for a Judge | | 第四章 法官的条件 |
| Article 9 A judge must possess the following qualifications: | | 第九条 担任法官必须具备下列条件： |
| (1) to be of the nationality of the People's Republic of China; | | （一）具有中华人民共和国国籍； |
| (2) to have reached the age of 23; | | （二）年满二十三岁； |
| (3) to endorse the Constitution of the People's Republic of China; | | （三）拥护中华人民共和国宪法； |
| (4) to have fine political and professional quality and to be good in conduct; | | （四）有良好的政治、业务素质和良好的品行； |
| (5) to be in good health; and | | （五）身体健康； |
| (6)to have engaged in the legal work for at least two years in the case of graduates of law major of colleges or universities or from non-law majors of colleges or universities but possessing the professional knowledge of law, and among whom those to assume the posts of judges of superior People's Courts and of the Supreme People's Court shall have engaged in the legal work for at least three years; or to have engaged in the legal work for at least one year in the case of those who have Master's Degree of Law or Doctor's Degree of Law, or those who have Master's Degree or Doctor's Degree of non-law majors but possess the professional knowledge of law, and among whom those to assume the posts of judges of superior People's Courts and of the Supreme People's Court shall have engaged in the legal work for at least two years. | | （六）高等院校法律专业本科毕业或者高等院校非法律专业本科毕业具有法律专业知识，从事法律工作满二年，其中担任高级人民法院、最高人民法院法官，应当从事法律工作满三年；获得法律专业硕士学位、博士学位或者非法律专业硕士学位、博士学位具有法律专业知识，从事法律工作满一年，其中担任高级人民法院、最高人民法院法官，应当从事法律工作满二年。 |
| The judicial personnel who do not possess the qualifications as provided by item (6) of the preceding paragraph prior to the implementation of this law shall receive training, the specific measures shall be made by the Supreme People's Court. | | 本法施行前的审判人员不具备前款第六项规定的条件的，应当接受培训，具体办法由最高人民法院制定。 |
| For the places where it is really difficult to apply the academic qualification as provided by the sixth item of the first paragraph, after being examined and determined by the Supreme People's Court, the academic qualification for judges may be eased for a specific period as two-year graduates of law major of colleges and universities. | | 适用第一款第六项规定的学历条件确有困难的地方，经最高人民法院审核确定，在一定期限内，可以将担任法官的学历条件放宽为高等院校法律专业专科毕业。 |
| Article 10 The following persons shall not hold the post of a judge: | | 第十条 下列人员不得担任法官： |
| (1) to have been subjected to criminal punishment for commission of a crime; or | | （一）曾因犯罪受过刑事处罚的； |
| (2)to have been discharged from public employment. | | （二）曾被开除公职的。 |
| Chapter 5 Appointment and Removal | | 第五章 任 免 |
Article 11 A judge shall be appointed or removed from the post in accordance with the limit of authority for, and procedures of, appointment or removal as prescribed by the Constitution and laws.
．．．．．． | | 第十一条 法官职务的任免，依照宪法和法律规定的任免权限和程序办理。
．．．．．． |
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