Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong | | 中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及
北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明 |
| (Signed on December 19, 1984, effective from May 27, 1985) | | （草签文本 签订日期１９８４年１２月１９日
生效日期１９８５年５月２７日） |
| The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed with satisfaction the friendly relations existing between the two Governments and peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated settlement of the question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is conducive to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and to the further strengthening and development of the relations between the two countries on a new basis. To this end, they have, after talks between the delegations of the two Governments, agreed to declare as follows: | | 中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府满意地回顾了近年来两国政府和两国人民之间的友好关系，一致认为通过协商妥善地解决历史上遗留下来的香港问题，有助于维持香港的繁荣与稳定，并有助于两国关系在新的基础上进一步巩固和发展，为此，经过两国政府代表团的会谈，同意声明如下： |
| 1. The Government of the People's Republic of China declares that to recover the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the common aspiration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997. | | 一、中华人民共和国政府声明：收回香港地区（包括香港岛、九龙和“新界”，以下称香港）是全中国人民的共同愿望，中华人民共和国政府决定于一九九七年七月一日对香港恢复行使主权。 |
| 2.The Government of the United Kingdomdeclares that it will restore Hong Kongto the People's Republic of Chinawith effect from 1 July 1997. | | 二、联合王国政府声明：联合王国政府于一九九七年七月一日将香港交还给中华人民共和国。 |
| 3. The Government of the People's Republic of Chinadeclares that the basic policies of the People's Republic of Chinaregarding Hong Kongare as follows: | | 三、中华人民共和国政府声明，中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策如下： |
| (1) Upholding national unity and territorial integrity and taking account of the history of Hong Kongand its realities, the People's Republic of Chinahas decided to establish, in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. | | （一）为了维护国家的统一和领土完整，并考虑到香港的历史和现实情况，中华人民共和国决定在对香港恢复行使主权时，根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定，设立香港特别行政区。 |
| (2) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be directly under the authority of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defense affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central People's Government. | | （二）香港特别行政区直辖于中华人民共和国中央人民政府。除外交和国防事务属中央人民政府管理外，香港特别行政区享有高度的自治权。 |
| (3) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be vested with executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The laws currently in force in Hong Kongwill remain basically unchanged. | | （三）香港特别行政区享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。现行的法律基本不变。 |
| (4) The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive will be appointed by the Central People's Government on the basis of the results of elections or consultations to be held locally. Principal officials will be nominated by the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for appointment by the Central People's Government. Chinese and foreign nationals previously working in the public and police services in the government departments of Hong Kongmay remain in employment. British and other foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers or hold certain public posts in government departments of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. | | （四）香港特别行政区政府由当地人组成。行政长官在当地通过选举或协商产生，由中央人民政府任命。主要官员由香港特别行政区行政长官提名，报中央人民政府任命。原在香港各政府部门任职的中外籍公务、警务人员可以留用。香港特别行政区各政府部门可以聘请英籍人士或其他外籍人士担任顾问或某些公职。 |
| (5) The current social and economic systems in Hong Kongwill remain unchanged, and so will the life-style. Rights and freedoms, including those of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of travel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of choice of occupation, of academic research and of religious belief will be ensured by law in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Private property, ownership of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and foreign investment will be protected by law. | | （五）香港的现行社会、经济制度不变；生活方式不变。香港特别行政区依法保障人身、言论、出版、集会、结社、旅行、迁徙、通信、罢工、选择职业和学术研究以及宗教信仰等各项权利和自由。私人财产、企业所有权、合法继承权以及外来投资均受法律保护。 |
| (6) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the status of a free port and a separate customs territory. | | （六）香港特别行政区将保持自由港和独立关税地区的地位。 |
| (7) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the status of an international financial center, and its markets for foreign exchange, gold, securities and futures will continue. There will be free flow of capital. The Hong Kongdollar will continue to circulate and remain freely convertible. | | （七）香港特别行政区将保持国际金融中心的地位，继续开放外汇、黄金、证券、期货等市场，资金进出自由。港币继续流通，自由兑换。 |
| (8) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have independent finances. The Central People's Government will not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. | | （八）香港特别行政区将保持财政独立。中央人民政府不向香港特别行政区征税。 |
| (9) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish mutually beneficial economic relations with the United Kingdomand other countries, whose economic interests in Hong Kongwill be given due regard. | | （九）香港特别行政区可同联合王国和其他国家建立互利的经济关系。联合王国和其他国家在香港的经济利益将得到照顾。 |
| (10) Using the name of 'Hong Kong, China', the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may on its own maintain and develop economic and cultural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states, regions and relevant international organizations. | | （十）香港特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义单独地同各国、各地区及有关国际组织保持和发展经济、文化关系，并签订有关协定。 |
| The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may on its own issue travel documents for entry into and exit from Hong Kong. | | 香港特别行政区政府可自行签发出入香港的旅行证件。 |
| (11) The maintenance of public order in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be the responsibility of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. | | （十一）香港特别行政区的社会治安由香港特别行政区政府负责维持。 |
| (12)The above-stated basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong and the elaboration of them in Annex I to this Joint Declaration will be stipulated, in a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, by the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and they will remain unchanged for 50 years. | | （十二）关于中华人民共和国对香港的上述基本方针政策和本联合声明附件一对上述基本方针政策的具体说明，中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会将以中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法规定之，并在五十年内不变。 |
| 4. The Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the People's Republic of China declare that, during the transitional period between the date of the entry into force of this Joint Declaration and 30 June 1997, the Government of the United Kingdom will be responsible for the administration of Hong Kong with the object of maintaining and preserving its economic prosperity and social stability; and that the Government of the People's Republic of China will give its cooperation in this connection. | | 四、中华人民共和国政府和联合王国政府声明：自本联合声明生效之日起至一九九七年六月三十日止的过渡时期内，联合王国政府负责香港的行政管理，以维护和保持香港的经济繁荣和社会稳定；对此，中华人民共和国政府将给予合作。 |
| 5. The Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the People's Republic of China declare that, in order to ensure a smooth transfer of government in 1997, and with a view to the effective implementation of this Joint Declaration, a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group will be set up when this Joint Declaration enters into force; and that it will be established and will function in accordance with the provisions of Annex II to this Joint Declaration. | | 五、中华人民共和国政府和联合王国政府声明：为求本联合声明得以有效执行，并保证一九九七年政权的顺利交接，在本联合声明生效时成立中英联合联络小组；联合联络小组将根据本联合声明附件二的规定建立和履行职责。 |
| 6. The Government of the United Kingdomand the Government of the People's Republic of Chinadeclare that land leases in Hong Kongand other related matters will be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Annex III to this Joint Declaration. | | 六、中华人民共和国政府和联合王国政府声明：关于香港土地契约和其他有关事项，将根据本联合声明附件三的规定处理。 |
| 7. The Government of the United Kingdomand the Government of the People's Republic of Chinaagree to implement the preceding declarations and the Annexes to this Joint Declaration. | | 七、中华人民共和国政府和联合王国政府同意，上述各项声明和本联合声明的附件均将付诸实施。 |
| 8. This Joint Declaration is subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification, which shall take place in Beijingbefore 30 June 1985. This Joint Declaration and its Annexes shall be equally binding. | | 八、本联合声明须经批准，并自互换批准书之日起生效。批准书应于一九八五年六月三十日前在北京互换。本联合声明及其附件具有同等约束力。 |
| Done in duplicate at Beijingon 19 December 1984in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic. | | 一九八四年十二月十九日在北京签订，共两份，每份都用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。 |
| | 注：缔约双方已于１９８５年５月２７日互换了批准书。本联合声明于１９８５年５月２７日生效。 |
| For the Government of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国政府 大不列颠及北爱尔兰 |
| undefined (Signed) | | 代 表 联合王国政府代表 |
| For the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | | 赵紫阳 玛格丽特·撒切尔 |
| undefined (Signed) | | （签字） （签字） |
Annex I
Elaboration by the Government of the People's Republic of Chinaof its Basic Policies Regarding Hong Kong | | 附件一： 中华人民共和国政府对香港的基本方针政策的具体说明 |
| The Government of the People's Republic of China elaborates the basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong as set out in paragraph 3 of the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong as follows: | | 中华人民共和国政府就中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明第三款所载中华人民共和国对香港的基本方针政策，具体说明如下： |
| I. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Chinastipulates in Article 31 that "the state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's Congress in the light of the specific conditions." In accordance with this Article, the People's Republic of Chinashall, upon the resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kongon 1 July 1997, establish the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall enact and promulgate a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Law) in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, stipulating that after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region the socialist system and socialist policies shall not be practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and that Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style shall remain unchanged for 50 years. | | 一、中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条规定：“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区。在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。”据此，中华人民共和国将在一九九七年七月一日对香港恢复行使主权时，设立中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会将根据中华人民共和国宪法制定并颁布中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法（以下简称《基本法》），规定香港特别行政区成立后不实行社会主义的制度和政策，保持香港原有的资本主义制度和生活方式，五十年不变。 |
| The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly under the authority of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of Chinaand shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Except for foreign and defense affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central People's Government, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The Central People's Government shall authorize the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct on its own those external affairs specified in Section XI of this Annex. | | 香港特别行政区直辖于中华人民共和国中央人民政府，并享有高度的自治权。除外交和国防事务属中央人民政府管理外，香港特别行政区享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。中央人民政府授权香港特别行政区自行处理本附件第十一节所规定的各项涉外事务。 |
| The government and legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government. Principal officials (equivalent to Secretaries) shall be nominated by the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and appointed by the Central People's Government. The legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be constituted by elections. The executive authorities shall abide by the law and shall be accountable to the legislature. | | 香港特别行政区政府和立法机关由当地人组成。香港特别行政区行政长官在当地通过选举或协商产生，由中央人民政府任命。香港特别行政区政府的主要官员（相当于“司”级官员）由香港特别行政区行政长官提名，报请中央人民政府任命。香港特别行政区立法机关由选举产生。行政机关必须遵守法律，对立法机关负责。 |
| In addition to Chinese, English may also be used in organs of government and in the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. | | 香港特别行政区的政府机关和法院，除使用中文外，还可使用英文。 |
| Apart from displaying the national flag and national emblem of the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may use a regional flag and emblem of its own. | | 香港特别行政区除悬挂中华人民共和国国旗和国徽外，还可以使用区旗和区徽。 |
| II. After the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong(i.e. the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law) shall be maintained, save for any that contravene the Basic Law and subject to any amendment by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature. | | 二、香港特别行政区成立后，香港原有法律（即普通法及衡平法、条例、附属立法、习惯法）除与《基本法》相抵触或香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外，予以保留。 |
| The legislative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested in the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The legislature may on its own authority enact laws in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law and legal procedures, and report them to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. Laws enacted by the legislature which are in accordance with the Basic Law and legal procedures shall be regarded as valid. | | 香港特别行政区的立法权属于香港特别行政区立法机关。立法机关可根据《基本法》的规定并依照法定程序制定法律，报中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。立法机关制定的法律凡符合《基本法》和法定程序者，均属有效。 |
| The laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the Basic Law, and the laws previously in force in Hong Kongand laws enacted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature as above. | | 在香港特别行政区实行的法律为《基本法》，以及上述香港原有法律和香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律。 |
| III. After the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the judicial system previously practiced in Hong Kongshall be maintained except for those changes consequent upon the vesting in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the power of final adjudication. | | 三、香港特别行政区成立后，除因香港特别行政区法院享有终审权而产生的变化外，原在香港实行的司法体制予以保留。 |
| Judicial power in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The courts shall exercise judicial power independently and free from any interference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal action in respect of their judicial functions. The courts shall decide cases in accordance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and may refer to precedents in other common law jurisdictions. | | 香港特别行政区的审判权属于香港特别行政区法院。法院独立进行审判，不受任何干涉。司法人员履行审判职责的行为不受法律追究。法院依照香港特别行政区的法律审判案件，其他普通法适用地区的司法判例可作参考。 |
| Judges of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts shall be appointed by the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region acting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and other eminent persons. Judges shall be chosen by reference to their judicial qualities and may be recruited from other common law jurisdictions. A judge may only be removed for inability to discharge the functions of his office, or for misbehavior, by the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region acting in accordance with the recommendation of a tribunal appointed by the chief judge of the court of final appeal, consisting of not fewer than three local judges. Additionally, the appointment or removal of principal judges (i.e. those of the highest rank) shall be made by the chief executive with the endorsement of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature and reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. The system of appointment and removal of judicial officers other than judges shall be maintained. | | 香港特别行政区法院的法官，根据当地法官和法律界及其他方面知名人士组成的独立委员会的推荐，由行政长官予以任命。法官应根据本人的司法才能选用，并可从其他普通法适用地区聘用。法官只有在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下，才能由行政长官根据终审法院首席法官任命的不少于三名当地法官组成的审议庭的建议，予以免职。主要法官（即最高一级法官）的任命和免职，还须由行政长官征得香港特别行政区立法机关的同意并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。法官以外的其他司法人员的任免制度继续保持。 |
| The power of final judgment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested in the court of final appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, which may as required invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit on the court of final appeal. | | 香港特别行政区的终审权属于香港特别行政区终审法院。终审法院可根据需要邀请其他普通法适用地区的法官参加审判。 |
| A prosecuting authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall control criminal prosecutions free from any interference. | | 香港特别行政区的检察机关主管刑事检察工作，不受任何干涉。 |
| On the basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government shall on its own make provision for local lawyers and lawyers from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to work and practice in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. | | 香港特别行政区政府可参照原在香港实行的办法，作出有关当地和外来的律师在香港特别行政区工作和执业的规定。 |
| The Central People's Government shall assist or authorize the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government to make appropriate arrangements for reciprocal juridical assistance with foreign states. | | 中央人民政府将协助或授权香港特别行政区政府同外国就司法互助关系作出适当安排。 |
| IV. After the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, public servants previously serving in Hong Kongin all government departments, including the police department, and members of the judiciary may all remain in employment and continue their service with pay, allowances, benefits and conditions of service no less favorable than before. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government shall pay to such persons who retire or complete their contracts, as well as to those who have retired before 1 July 1997, or to their dependants, all pensions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms no less favorable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or place of residence. | | 四、香港特别行政区成立后，原在香港各政府部门（包括警察部门）任职的公务人员和司法人员均可留用，继续工作；其薪金、津贴、福利待遇和服务条件不低于原来的标准。对退休或约满离职的人员，包括一九九七年七月一日以前退休的人员，不论其所属国籍或居住地点，香港特别行政区政府将按不低于原来的标准向他们或其家属支付应得的退休金、酬金、津贴及福利费。 |
| The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may employ British and other foreign nationals previously serving in the public service in Hong Kong, and may recruit British and other foreign nationals holding permanent identity cards of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to serve as public servants at all levels, except as heads of major government departments (corresponding to branches or departments at Secretary level) including the police department, and as deputy heads of some of those departments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may also employ British and other foreign nationals as advisers to government departments and, when there is a need, may recruit qualified candidates from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to professional and technical posts in government departments. The above shall be employed only in their individual capacities and, like other public servants, shall be responsible to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. | | 香港特别行政区政府可任用原香港公务人员中的或持有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份证的英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的各级公务人员，各主要政府部门（相当于“司”级部门，包括警察部门）的正职和某些主要政府部门的副职除外。香港特别行政区政府还可聘请英籍和其他外籍人士担任政府部门的顾问；必要时并可从香港特别行政区以外聘请合格人员担任政府部门的专业和技术职务。上述人士只能以个人身份受聘，并和其他公务人员一样对香港特别行政区政府负责。 |
| The appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis of qualifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous system of recruitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and management for the public service (including special bodies for appointment, pay and conditions of service) shall, save for any provisions providing privileged treatment for foreign nationals, be maintained. | | 公务人员应根据本人的资格、经验和才能予以任命和提升。香港原有关于公务人员的招聘、雇用、考核、纪律、培训和管理的制度（包括负责公务人员的任用、薪金、服务条件的专门机构），除有关给予外籍人员特权待遇的规定外，予以保留。 |
V. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall deal on its own with financial matters, including disposing of its financial resources and drawing up its budgets and its final accounts. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall report its budgets and final accounts to the Central People's Government for the record.
．．．．．． | | 五、香港特别行政区自行管理财政事务，包括支配财政资源，编制财政预算和决算。香港特别行政区的预决算须报中央人民政府备案。
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