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Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Reconsideration (2023 Revision) [Effective]
中华人民共和国行政复议法(2023修订) [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China 

中华人民共和国主席令

(No. 9) (第九号)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Reconsideration, as revised and adopted at the 5th session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on September 1, 2023, is hereby issued, and comes into force on January 1, 2024. 中华人民共和国行政复议法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议于2023年9月1日修订通过,现予公布,自2024年1月1日起施行。
Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国主席 习近平
September 1, 2023 2023年9月1日
Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Reconsideration 中华人民共和国行政复议法
(Adopted at the 9th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 29, 1999, amended for the first time according to the Decision to Revise Some Laws at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 27, 2009, amended for the second time according to the Decision to Amend Eight Laws Including the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China at the 29th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on September 1, 2017, and revised at the 5th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on September 1, 2023) (1999年4月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第九次会议通过 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2017年9月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国法官法〉等八部法律的决定》第二次修正 2023年9月1日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议修订)
Table of Contents 目  录
Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总  则
Chapter II Application for Administrative Reconsideration 第二章 行政复议申请
Section 1 Scope of Administrative Reconsideration 第一节 行政复议范围
Section 2 Attendees of Administrative Reconsideration 第二节 行政复议参加人
Section 3 Filing of an Application 第三节 申请的提出
Section 4 Jurisdiction over Administrative Reconsideration 第四节 行政复议管辖
Chapter III Acceptance of Administrative Reconsideration 第三章 行政复议受理
Chapter IV Trial of Administrative Reconsideration 第四章 行政复议审理
Section 1 General Rules 第一节 一般规定
Section 2 Evidence of Administrative Reconsideration 第二节 行政复议证据
Section 3 Ordinary Procedure 第三节 普通程序
Section 4 Summary Procedure 第四节 简易程序
Section 5 Incidental Review of Administrative Reconsideration 第五节 行政复议附带审查
Chapter V Decision of Administrative Reconsideration 第五章 行政复议决定
Chapter VI Legal Liability 第六章 法律责任
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions 第七章 附  则
Chapter I General Provisions 

第一章 总  则

Article 1 This Law is enacted according to the Constitution for the purposes of preventing and correcting illegal or inappropriate administrative actions, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, supervising and guaranteeing the exercise of functions and power by administrative organs in accordance with the law, maximizing the role of administrative reconsideration as the main channel for resolving administrative disputes, and promoting the construction of a law-based government.   第一条 为了防止和纠正违法的或者不当的行政行为,保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,监督和保障行政机关依法行使职权,发挥行政复议化解行政争议的主渠道作用,推进法治政府建设,根据宪法,制定本法。
Article 2 If a citizen, legal person or any other organization deems that his or its legitimate rights and interests have been infringed upon by an administrative action of an administrative organ, thus applies for administrative reconsideration to an administrative reconsideration organ, and the administrative reconsideration organ handles the case of administrative reconsideration, this Law shall apply.   第二条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关的行政行为侵犯其合法权益,向行政复议机关提出行政复议申请,行政复议机关办理行政复议案件,适用本法。
For the purpose of the preceding paragraph, “administrative action” includes administrative actions of organizations authorized by laws, regulations, and rules. 前款所称行政行为,包括法律、法规、规章授权的组织的行政行为。
Article 3 The work of administrative reconsideration shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China.   第三条 行政复议工作坚持中国共产党的领导。
Administrative reconsideration organs shall, when performing functions of administrative reconsideration, follow the principles of legitimacy, impartiality, openness, efficiency, convenience for the people and service for the people, insist on correcting mistakes whenever discovered, and ensure correct implementation of laws and regulations. 行政复议机关履行行政复议职责,应当遵循合法、公正、公开、高效、便民、为民的原则,坚持有错必纠,保障法律、法规的正确实施。
Article 4 People's governments at or above the county level and other administrative organs that perform functions of administrative reconsideration in accordance with this Law are administrative reconsideration organs.   第四条 县级以上各级人民政府以及其他依照本法履行行政复议职责的行政机关是行政复议机关。
The institutions in administrative reconsideration organs which handle the matters of administrative reconsideration are administrative reconsideration institutions. Administrative reconsideration institutions shall concurrently organize the handling of administrative response matters of administrative reconsideration organs. 行政复议机关办理行政复议事项的机构是行政复议机构。行政复议机构同时组织办理行政复议机关的行政应诉事项。
The administrative reconsideration organs shall strengthen the administrative reconsideration work, and support and guarantee the lawful performance of functions by administrative reconsideration institutions. Administrative reconsideration institutions at higher levels shall guide and supervise the administrative reconsideration work of administrative reconsideration institutions at lower levels. 行政复议机关应当加强行政复议工作,支持和保障行政复议机构依法履行职责。上级行政复议机构对下级行政复议机构的行政复议工作进行指导、监督。
The administrative reconsideration institution of the State Council may issue guiding cases of administrative reconsideration. 国务院行政复议机构可以发布行政复议指导性案例。
Article 5 Administrative reconsideration organs may, when handling cases of administrative reconsideration, conduct mediation.   第五条 行政复议机关办理行政复议案件,可以进行调解。
Mediation shall be conducted under the principles of legitimacy and free will, without damaging the national interests, public interests or legitimate rights and interests of others, or violating the compulsory provisions of laws or regulations. 调解应当遵循合法、自愿的原则,不得损害国家利益、社会公共利益和他人合法权益,不得违反法律、法规的强制性规定。
Article 6 The state shall build a specialized and professional team of administrative reconsideration officers.   第六条 国家建立专业化、职业化行政复议人员队伍。
An officer of an administrative reconsideration institution which carries out the work of administrative reconsideration for the first time shall pass the national unified legal professional qualification examination, obtain the legal professional qualification, and receive unified pre-service training. 行政复议机构中初次从事行政复议工作的人员,应当通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格,并参加统一职前培训。
The administrative reconsideration institution of the State Council shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments, develop the work rules for administrative reconsideration officers and strengthen the business assessment and management of administrative reconsideration officers. 国务院行政复议机构应当会同有关部门制定行政复议人员工作规范,加强对行政复议人员的业务考核和管理。
Article 7 An administrative reconsideration organ shall ensure that the staffing of an administrative reconsideration institution is compatible with the tasks undertaken, improve the professional quality of administrative reconsideration officers, and guarantee the premises, equipment and other facilities for handling cases according to the work needs. The people's governments at all levels shall include the expenses for the administrative reconsideration work in their budgets.   第七条 行政复议机关应当确保行政复议机构的人员配备与所承担的工作任务相适应,提高行政复议人员专业素质,根据工作需要保障办案场所、装备等设施。县级以上各级人民政府应当将行政复议工作经费列入本级预算。
Article 8 An administrative reconsideration organ shall strengthen information construction and use modern information technology to facilitate citizens, legal persons or other organizations to apply for and attend the administrative reconsideration and improve the work quality and efficiency.   第八条 行政复议机关应当加强信息化建设,运用现代信息技术,方便公民、法人或者其他组织申请、参加行政复议,提高工作质量和效率。
Article 9 Entities and individuals that have made significant achievements in the administrative reconsideration work shall be commended and rewarded in the accordance with the relevant rules of the state.   第九条 对在行政复议工作中做出显著成绩的单位和个人,按照国家有关规定给予表彰和奖励。
Article 10 A citizen, legal person or any other organization that refuses to accept a decision on administrative reconsideration may, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, institute an administrative litigation with a people's court, except when the decision on administrative reconsideration is, as provided for by law, a final ruling.   第十条 公民、法人或者其他组织对行政复议决定不服的,可以依照《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定向人民法院提起行政诉讼,但是法律规定行政复议决定为最终裁决的除外。
Chapter II Application for Administrative Reconsideration 

第二章 行政复议申请

Section 1 Scope of Administrative Reconsideration 

第一节 行政复议范围

Article 11 A citizen, legal person, or any other organization falling under any of the following circumstances may, in accordance with this Law, apply for administrative reconsideration:   第十一条 有下列情形之一的,公民、法人或者其他组织可以依照本法申请行政复议:
(1) He or it refuses to accept a decision on administrative punishment made by an administrative organ. (一)对行政机关作出的行政处罚决定不服;
(2) He or it refuses to accept a compulsory administrative measure and a decision on compulsory administrative enforcement adopted and made by an administrative organ. (二)对行政机关作出的行政强制措施、行政强制执行决定不服;
(3) He or it applies for an administrative licensing, the administrative organ rejects or fails to reply within the statutory period, or refuses to accept any other decision on relevant administrative licensing made by an administrative organ. (三)申请行政许可,行政机关拒绝或者在法定期限内不予答复,或者对行政机关作出的有关行政许可的其他决定不服;
(4) He or it refuses to accept a decision confirming ownership of or right to use natural resources made by an administrative organ. (四)对行政机关作出的确认自然资源的所有权或者使用权的决定不服;
(5) He or it refuses to accept a decision on collection and expropriation made by an administrative organ and its decision on compensation. (五)对行政机关作出的征收征用决定及其补偿决定不服;
(6) He or it refuses to accept a decision on compensation or a decision on no compensation made by an administrative organ. (六)对行政机关作出的赔偿决定或者不予赔偿决定不服;
(7) He or it refuses to accept a decision not to accept an application for determination of work-related injury or a conclusion of determination of work-related injury made by an administrative organ. (七)对行政机关作出的不予受理工伤认定申请的决定或者工伤认定结论不服;
(8) An administrative organ is deemed to have infringed upon the autonomy in business operation, conventional usufruct on rural land for agricultural operations, or rural land operating right. (八)认为行政机关侵犯其经营自主权或者农村土地承包经营权、农村土地经营权;
(9) An administrative organ is deemed to have abused its administrative power to exclude or restrict competition. (九)认为行政机关滥用行政权力排除或者限制竞争;
(10) An administrative organ is deemed to have illegally raised funds or apportioned expenses or illegally required performance of other obligations. (十)认为行政机关违法集资、摊派费用或者违法要求履行其他义务;
(11) An administrative organ refuses to perform functions, has failed to perform functions, or does not reply, as one has applied to an administrative organ for performing statutory functions of protecting personal rights, property rights, rights to receive education, and other legitimate rights and interests. (十一)申请行政机关履行保护人身权利、财产权利、受教育权利等合法权益的法定职责,行政机关拒绝履行、未依法履行或者不予答复;
(12) An administrative organ has failed to grant a pension, social insurance benefits or minimum living allowance and other social security according to the law, as one has applied for. (十二)申请行政机关依法给付抚恤金、社会保险待遇或者最低生活保障等社会保障,行政机关没有依法给付;
(13) An administrative organ is deemed to have failed to conclude, failed to perform according to the law or as agreed upon, or illegally modified or terminated, an administrative agreement, such as a government concession agreement or an agreement on compensation for land and building expropriation. (十三)认为行政机关不依法订立、不依法履行、未按照约定履行或者违法变更、解除政府特许经营协议、土地房屋征收补偿协议等行政协议;
(14) An administrative organ is deemed to have infringed upon its legitimate rights and interests in disclosure of government information. (十四)认为行政机关在政府信息公开工作中侵犯其合法权益;
(15) An administrative organ is deemed to have infringed upon its legitimate rights and interests in other administrative actions. (十五)认为行政机关的其他行政行为侵犯其合法权益。
Article 12 The following matters do not fall under the scope of administrative reconsideration:   第十二条 下列事项不属于行政复议范围:
(1) Acts of the state in national defense and foreign affairs, among others. (一)国防、外交等国家行为;
(2) Administrative regulations and rules or decisions, orders and other normative documents with general binding force developed and issued by administrative organs. (二)行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令等规范性文件;
(3) Decisions of administrative organs on rewards and punishments, appointment and dismissal of their employees. (三)行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定;
(4) Mediation made for civil disputes by administrative organs. (四)行政机关对民事纠纷作出的调解。
Article 13 A citizen, legal person or any other organization deeming that the following regulatory documents, which are the basis for an administrative action of an administrative organ, are illegal, may, when applying for administrative reconsideration of an administrative action, apply to the administrative reconsideration organ for incidental review of these normative documents:   第十三条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关的行政行为所依据的下列规范性文件不合法,在对行政行为申请行政复议时,可以一并向行政复议机关提出对该规范性文件的附带审查申请:
(1) Normative documents of the departments of the State Council. (一)国务院部门的规范性文件;
(2) Normative documents of the local people's governments at or above the county level and their departments. (二)县级以上地方各级人民政府及其工作部门的规范性文件;
(3) Normative documents of the people's governments of villages and towns. (三)乡、镇人民政府的规范性文件;
(4) Normative documents of organizations authorized by laws, regulations and rules. (四)法律、法规、规章授权的组织的规范性文件。
The term “normative documents” as mentioned in the preceding paragraph does not include rules. Review of rules shall be handled according to the laws and administrative regulations. 前款所列规范性文件不含规章。规章的审查依照法律、行政法规办理。
Section 2 Attendees of Administrative Reconsideration 

第二节 行政复议参加人

Article 14 Any citizen, legal person or any other organization that applies for administrative reconsideration in accordance with this Law is an applicant.   第十四条 依照本法申请行政复议的公民、法人或者其他组织是申请人。
If a citizen who has the right to apply for administrative reconsideration is deceased, his near relatives may apply for administrative reconsideration. If a legal person or any other organization with the right to apply for administrative reconsideration is terminated, a successor to its rights and obligations may apply for administrative reconsideration. 有权申请行政复议的公民死亡的,其近亲属可以申请行政复议。有权申请行政复议的法人或者其他组织终止的,其权利义务承受人可以申请行政复议。
If a citizen with the right to apply for administrative reconsideration is a person without capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct, his statutory agent may apply for administrative reconsideration on his behalf. 有权申请行政复议的公民为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的,其法定代理人可以代为申请行政复议。
Article 15 If there are a large number of applicants in the same case of administrative reconsideration, the applicants may select a representative to attend the administrative reconsideration.   第十五条 同一行政复议案件申请人人数众多的,可以由申请人推选代表人参加行政复议。
A representative's attendance at the administrative reconsideration shall be effective for the applicant that he represents. However, to change the claim for administrative reconsideration, withdraw an application for administrative reconsideration, or admit a third party's claim, the representative shall obtain consent of the applicant that he represents. 代表人参加行政复议的行为对其所代表的申请人发生效力,但是代表人变更行政复议请求、撤回行政复议申请、承认第三人请求的,应当经被代表的申请人同意。
Article 16 A citizen, legal person or any other organization other than an applicant which has a stake in the administrative action for which an application for administrative reconsideration is filed or the handling result of a case of administrative reconsideration may apply for attending the administrative reconsideration as a third party, or be notified by the administrative reconsideration institution of attending the administrative reconsideration as a third party.   第十六条 申请人以外的同被申请行政复议的行政行为或者行政复议案件处理结果有利害关系的公民、法人或者其他组织,可以作为第三人申请参加行政复议,或者由行政复议机构通知其作为第三人参加行政复议。
The failure of a third party to attend the administrative reconsideration shall not affect the trial of a case of administrative reconsideration. 第三人不参加行政复议,不影响行政复议案件的审理。
Article 17 An applicant or a third party may entrust attendance at the administrative reconsideration to one or two lawyers, grassroots legal service workers or other agents on his or its behalf.   第十七条 申请人、第三人可以委托一至二名律师、基层法律服务工作者或者其他代理人代为参加行政复议。
An applicant and a third party entrusting an agent shall submit to the administrative reconsideration institution a power of attorney and the identifications of the entrusting party and the entrusted party. The power of attorney shall specify the entrusted matters, authority and time limit. An applicant or a third party that changes or terminates the authority of the agent shall notify the administrative reconsideration institution in writing. 申请人、第三人委托代理人的,应当向行政复议机构提交授权委托书、委托人及被委托人的身份证明文件。授权委托书应当载明委托事项、权限和期限。申请人、第三人变更或者解除代理人权限的,应当书面告知行政复议机构。
Article 18 If an applicant for administrative reconsideration meeting the conditions for legal aid applies for legal aid, the legal aid institution shall provide legal aid for it according to the law.   第十八条 符合法律援助条件的行政复议申请人申请法律援助的,法律援助机构应当依法为其提供法律援助。
Article 19 If a citizen, legal person or any other organization refuses to accept an administrative action and applies for administrative reconsideration, the administrative organ that has taken the administrative action or the organization authorized by laws, regulations and rules is the respondent.   第十九条 公民、法人或者其他组织对行政行为不服申请行政复议的,作出行政行为的行政机关或者法律、法规、规章授权的组织是被申请人。
For the same administrative action taken by not less than two administrative organs in a common name, the administrative organs jointly taking the administrative action are the respondents. 两个以上行政机关以共同的名义作出同一行政行为的,共同作出行政行为的行政机关是被申请人。
For an administrative action taken by an organization entrusted by an administrative organ, the entrusting administrative organ is the respondent. 行政机关委托的组织作出行政行为的,委托的行政机关是被申请人。
If an administrative organ taking an administrative action is canceled or its functions and power are changed, the administrative organ that succeeds to such functions and power is the respondent. 作出行政行为的行政机关被撤销或者职权变更的,继续行使其职权的行政机关是被申请人。
Section 3 Filing of an Application 

第三节 申请的提出

Article 20 A citizen, legal person or any other organization deeming that an administrative action has infringed upon his or its legitimate rights and interests may file an application for administrative reconsideration within 60 days from the day when he or it knew or should have known such administrative action, except when the time limit for filing an application as provided for in law exceeds 60 days.   第二十条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政行为侵犯其合法权益的,可以自知道或者应当知道该行政行为之日起六十日内提出行政复议申请;但是法律规定的申请期限超过六十日的除外。
If the statutory time limit for filing an application is delayed due to force majeure or other special reasons, the time limit for filing an application shall be counted continuously from the day when the obstacle is removed. 因不可抗力或者其他正当理由耽误法定申请期限的,申请期限自障碍消除之日起继续计算。
If the administrative organ, when taking the administrative action, fails to notify the citizen, legal person or any other organization of the right to apply for administrative reconsideration, the administrative reconsideration organ and the time limit for filing an application, the time limit for filing an application shall be counted from the day when the citizen, legal person or any other organization knew or should have known the right to apply for administrative reconsideration, the administrative reconsideration organ and the time limit for filing an application. However, the period from the time when the content of the administrative action is known or should have been known shall not exceed one year at maximum. 行政机关作出行政行为时,未告知公民、法人或者其他组织申请行政复议的权利、行政复议机关和申请期限的,申请期限自公民、法人或者其他组织知道或者应当知道申请行政复议的权利、行政复议机关和申请期限之日起计算,但是自知道或者应当知道行政行为内容之日起最长不得超过一年。
Article 21 An administrative reconsideration organ shall not accept any application for administrative reconsideration filed due to real estate 20 years after an administrative action is taken or any other application for administrative reconsideration filed five years after an administrative action is taken.   第二十一条 因不动产提出的行政复议申请自行政行为作出之日起超过二十年,其他行政复议申请自行政行为作出之日起超过五年的,行政复议机关不予受理。
Article 22 An applicant for administrative reconsideration may file an application in writing; and may also file an application verbally, if there is difficulty in filing an application in writing.   第二十二条 申请人申请行政复议,可以书面申请;书面申请有困难的,也可以口头申请。
If an application is filed in writing, the application for administrative reconsideration may be filed by mail or through the Internet channels designated by the administrative reconsideration organ, and the application for administrative reconsideration may also be filed in person. An administrative organ serving a written decision on an administrative action through an Internet channel shall concurrently provide the Internet channel for filing an application for administrative reconsideration. 书面申请的,可以通过邮寄或者行政复议机关指定的互联网渠道等方式提交行政复议申请书,也可以当面提交行政复议申请书。行政机关通过互联网渠道送达行政行为决定书的,应当同时提供提交行政复议申请书的互联网渠道。
If an application is filed verbally, the administrative reconsideration organ shall, on the spot, record the profile of the applicant, the claims for administrative reconsideration, and main facts, grounds and time based on which the application for administrative reconsideration is filed. 口头申请的,行政复议机关应当当场记录申请人的基本情况、行政复议请求、申请行政复议的主要事实、理由和时间。
An applicant that refuses to accept two or more administrative actions shall apply for administrative reconsideration separately. 申请人对两个以上行政行为不服的,应当分别申请行政复议。
Article 23 Under any of the following circumstances, an applicant shall firstly apply to the administrative reconsideration organ for administrative reconsideration, and may then institute an administrative litigation with the people's court according to the law if he refuses to accept a decision on administrative reconsideration:   第二十三条 有下列情形之一的,申请人应当先向行政复议机关申请行政复议,对行政复议决定不服的,可以再依法向人民法院提起行政诉讼:
(1) He refuses to accept a decision on administrative punishment made on the spot according to the law. (一)对当场作出的行政处罚决定不服;
(2) He refuses to accept a decision made by an administrative organ which infringes upon the ownership of or right to use natural resources that it has already obtained according to the law. (二)对行政机关作出的侵犯其已经依法取得的自然资源的所有权或者使用权的决定不服;
(3) An administrative organ is deemed to have failed to perform statutory functions as provided for in Article 11 of this Law. (三)认为行政机关存在本法第十一条规定的未履行法定职责情形;
(4) He applies for disclosure of government information, and the administrative organ disapproves the disclosure. (四)申请政府信息公开,行政机关不予公开;
(5) Other circumstances under which an application for administrative reconsideration shall be firstly filed with the administrative reconsideration organ as provided for in laws and administrative regulations. (五)法律、行政法规规定应当先向行政复议机关申请行政复议的其他情形。
Under the circumstances as provided for in the preceding paragraph, an administrative organ shall, when taking an administrative action, notify citizens, legal persons or other organizations of firstly applying to the administrative reconsideration organs for administrative reconsideration. 对前款规定的情形,行政机关在作出行政行为时应当告知公民、法人或者其他组织先向行政复议机关申请行政复议。
Section 4 Jurisdiction over Administrative Reconsideration 

第四节 行政复议管辖

Article 24 The local people's governments at or above the county level shall have jurisdiction over the following cases of administrative reconsideration:   第二十四条 县级以上地方各级人民政府管辖下列行政复议案件:
(1) The applicant refuses to accept an administrative action taken by a department of the people's government at the same level. (一)对本级人民政府工作部门作出的行政行为不服的;
(2) The applicant refuses to accept an administrative action taken by a people's government at a next lower level. (二)对下一级人民政府作出的行政行为不服的;
(3) The applicant refuses to accept an administrative action taken by a local organ lawfully formed by a people's government at the same level.
......
 (三)对本级人民政府依法设立的派出机关作出的行政行为不服的;
......

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