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Dalian Branch of China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. v. Dalian Yifang Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Guarantee Contract Dispute)
招商银行股份有限公司大连分行与大连一方地产有限公司保证合同纠纷案
【法宝引证码】

Dalian Branch of China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. v. Dalian Yifang Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Guarantee Contract Dispute)
招商银行股份有限公司大连分行与大连一方地产有限公司保证合同纠纷案
Dalian Branch of China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. v. Dalian Yifang Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Guarantee Contract Dispute) 招商银行股份有限公司大连分行与大连一方地产有限公司保证合同纠纷案
[Summary] [裁判摘要]
Periodical guarantee is common in pre-sale contracts of commercial houses, and advance mortgage registration of houses purchased by buyers can effectively reduce the risk of financial institutions and real estate enterprises. Due to its periodical characteristics, the transition from advance mortgage registration and registration of pre-sale of commercial houses is very important. It means indefinite extension of the period of guarantee provided by a real estate enterprise, contravenes the spirit of the Guarantee Law, and is contrary to the principle of good faith that a financial institution is slack in making advance mortgage registration. 阶段性担保在商品房预售合同中比较常见,通过办理买房人所购房屋预告抵押登记,可以有效减少金融机构和房地产企业的风险。因其阶段性特征,预告抵押登记和商品房预售登记的衔接非常重要。金融机构怠于办理预告抵押登记,等于无限延长房地产企业的保证期间,有违担保法的精神,亦有违诚实信用原则。
Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国最高人民法院
Civil Ruling 民事裁定书
No. 3474 [2017], Petition, Civil Division, SPC (2017)最高法民申3474号
BASIC FACTS 
Retrial applicant (plaintiff in first instance trial, and appellee in second instance trial): Dalian Branch of China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. 再审申请人(一审原告、二审被上诉人):招商银行股份有限公司大连分行。
Person in charge: Qian Xi, president of the branch. 负责人:钱曦,该分行行长。
Attorney: Shang Qingguo, lawyer of Liaoning Xianhe Law Firm. 委托诉讼代理人:商庆国,辽宁先河律师事务所律师。
Attorney: Bi Shumin, lawyer of Liaoning Xianhe Law Firm. 委托诉讼代理人:毕书敏,辽宁先河律师事务所律师。
Respondent (defendant in first instance trial, and appellant in second instance trial): Dalian Yifang Real Estate Co., Ltd. 被申请人(一审被告、二审上诉人):大连一方地产有限公司。
Legal representative: Sun Xishuang, chairman of the board of directors of the company. 法定代表人:孙喜双,该公司董事长。
Attorney: Zhang Guohan, lawyer of Liaoning Think Tank Law Firm. 委托诉讼代理人:张国晗,辽宁智库律师事务所律师。
Attorney: Bai Yulong, lawyer of Liaoning Think Tank Law Firm. 委托诉讼代理人:白禹龙,辽宁智库律师事务所律师。
Retrial applicant Dalian Branch of China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Merchants Bank") was unsatisfied with the Civil Judgment No. 156 [2017], Final, Civil Division, Liaoning of the Higher People's Court of Liaoning province in the case involving the guarantee contract dispute with respondent Dalian Yiyang Real Estate Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Yifang Company") and applied to this Court for retrial. The Court formed a collegial panel as legally required to examine the case and has concluded the examination. 再审申请人招商银行股份有限公司大连分行(以下简称招商银行)因与被申请人大连一方地产有限公司(以下简称一方公司)保证合同纠纷一案,不服辽宁省高级人民法院(2017)辽民终156号民事判决,向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭对本案进行了审查,现已审查终结。
Merchants Bank applied for retrial, alleging that: (1) In the second instance judgment, the findings that Merchants Bank failed to claim rights against Yifang Company within the guarantee period and that at expiration of said period, Yifang Company should be relieved of the guarantee obligation were unclear fact findings, and it was application of law in error that paragraph 2, Article 26 of the Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Guarantee Law") was applied to determine that Yifang Company should be relieved of its guarantee obligation. (2) In the second instance judgment, the findings that Merchants Bank should assume legal liability on its own for the seizure of the mortgage by the court caused by its being slack in making advance mortgage registration were erroneous fact findings. (3) In the second instance judgment, the findings that Merchants Bank was liable for the failure to make advance mortgage registration of the case-related house. (4) The second instance judgment was rendered by means of presumption , Merchants Bank was directly determined to be liable because the bank could not be excluded from the reasons for the failure to make advance mortgage registration of the case-related house. The doctrine of liability fixation was contrary to the stipulation of the guarantee contract and not in conformity with the provisions of laws. Claims: (1) Setting aside the Civil Judgment No. 156 [2017], Final, Civil Division, Liaoning of the Higher People's Court of Liaoning province. (2) Directly retrying the case, or appointing the Higher People's Court of Liaoning province to retry the case, and entering a judgment in favor of Merchants Bank. Merchants Bank applied for retrial in accordance with the provisions of Article 200(2) and (6) of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. 招商银行申请再审称,1.二审判决认定招商银行未在保证期间内向一方公司主张权利,已过保证期间,一方公司保证责任应当免除,属于事实认定不清,适用《中华人民共和国担保法》(以下简称《担保法》)第二十六条第二款认定一方公司保证责任应当免除,属于适用法律错误。2.二审判决认定招商银行怠于履行办理预告抵押登记造成抵押物被法院查封,应自行承担法律责任,属于认定事实错误。3.二审判决认定案涉房屋没有办理预告抵押登记的责任在于招商银行,属于认定事实错误。4.二审判决采用推定方式,认定案涉房屋没有办理预告抵押登记,不能排除非银行原因,因而就直接认定责任在于招商银行,该归责原则与担保合同约定相悖,也不符合法律规定。请求:1.撤销辽宁省高级人民法院(2017)辽民终156号民事判决。2.提审本案,或者指令辽宁省高级人民法院再审本案,改判支持招商银行的诉讼请求。招商银行依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项的规定申请再审。
Yifang Company submitted an opinion, stating: (1) The case-related guarantee was a "periodical guarantee." According to the contract between the parties and the law, the guarantee period should be from the date of the delivery of the documents on the registration and filing of home purchase contracts by Yifang Company to the date of advance mortgage registration by Merchants Bank within a reasonable period of time. (2) Under the contract, Yifang Company was obligated only to deliver the documents on the registration and filing of house-purchase contract to Merchants Bank. As Yifang Company had performed the said obligation, Merchants Bank, obligated to make advance mortgage registration, should be liable for failure to do so. (3) When Yifang Company handed over the contract for recordation concerning the case-related house to Merchants Bank, property registration and mortgage registration could be made for the case-related house, and it was unnecessary to make advance mortgage registration. (4) The evidence of Merchants Bank sufficiently proved that Merchants Bank transacted the case-related loan business as “commercial building purchase loan,” instead of “personal housing loan.” According to the Guarantee Agreement, the case-related loan did not fall within the scope of the secured debt with respect to the “personal housing loan” as stipulated in the Guarantee Agreement, and Yifang Company should not be obligated to give a guarantee for the case-related loan. In summary, the application for retrial filed by Merchants Bank lacked factual and legal basis, and it was requested to dismiss it.
......
 一方公司提交意见称,1.案涉保证为“阶段性保证担保”,根据双方合同约定及法律规定,保证期间应当至一方公司交付购房合同登记备案手续后,招商银行在合理期限内办理完毕预告抵押登记之日止。2.根据合同约定,一方公司的义务仅仅是将购房合同登记备案手续交付招商银行。在一方公司已履行义务的情况下,招商银行作为预告抵押登记的办理义务主体,应当承担未能办理预告抵押登记的责任。3.一方公司将案涉房屋备案合同转交招商银行时,案涉房屋已可以办理产权登记以及抵押权登记,无需办理预告抵押登记。4.招商银行的证据已充分证明招商银行办理案涉贷款业务时,是按照“购买商业用房贷款”办理,并非是“个人住房贷款”。根据《担保协议》的约定,案涉贷款不属于《担保协议》约定的“个人住房贷款”的担保债务范围,一方公司根本就不应对案涉贷款承担保证责任。综上,招商银行的再审申请缺乏事实与法律依据,请求予以驳回。
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