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| Five Model Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution Published by the Supreme People's Procuratorate | | 最高人民检察院、最高人民法院、公安部、司法部、生态环境部发布5起环境污染刑事案件典型案例 |
| (February 20, 2019) | | （2019年2月20日） |
| Case No. 1: Case of Environmental Pollution involving Baoxun Precision Screws (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Defendant Huang Guanqun, and Other 11 Persons | | 案例一：宝勋精密螺丝（浙江）有限公司及被告人黄冠群等12人污染环境案 |
| I. Basic Facts | | （一）基本案情 |
| In July 2002, defendant entity Baoxun Precision Screws (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Baoxun Company”) was formed with the business scope including production and sales of building hardware, high-strength precision fasteners for automobiles, and precision stamping molds. The waste acid effluent and sludge generated in the production of the Company were hazardous waste, which must be collected in categories and disposed of by an entrusted entity qualified for the disposal of hazardous waste. From 2008, defendant Huang Guanqun assumed the post of vice-general manager of Baoxun Company and took charge of the routine operation and management of the Company. From April 2016, defendant Jiang Jiaqing directly took charge of the disposal of acid pickling sludge of Baoxun Company. | | 2002年7月，被告单位宝勋精密螺丝（浙江）有限公司（以下简称“宝勋公司”）成立，经营范围包括生产销售建筑五金件、汽车高强度精密紧固件、精冲模具等，该公司生产中产生的废酸液及污泥为危险废物，必须分类收集后委托具有危险废物处置资质的单位处置。被告人黄冠群自2008年起担任宝勋公司副总经理，负责公司日常经营管理，被告人姜家清自2016年4月起直接负责宝勋公司酸洗污泥的处置工作。 |
| From July 2016 to May 2017, in violation of the state regulations on the management of hazardous waste, without issuance of the hazardous waste transfer forms, defendant entity Baoxun Company and defendants Huang Guanqun and Jiang Jiaqing delivered the acid pickling sludge to defendants Li Changhong, Tu Weidong, and Liu Honggui having no qualification of hazardous waste disposal for illegal disposal. By means of forging the official seals of the relevant state organs and companies and preparing false official documents and certificates, Li Changhong, Tu Weidong, and Liu Honggui illegally disposed of acid pickling sludge. The aforesaid defendants transported hazardous waste in an inter-provincial manner by automobile or ship and illegally dumped and disposed of acid pickling sludge, 1,071 tons in total, in Huai'an City, Yangzhou City, and Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province and Tongling City of Anhui Province. In particular, on May 22, 2017, Jiang Jiaqing, Li Changhong, and Tu Weidong, in collusion with defendants Wang Heping, Wang Wenge, Wu Zuxiang, Zhu Fenghua, Zha Longni, and other persons, dumped 62.88 tons of acid pickling sludge to the dam of the Yangtze River in the Economic and Technological Development Zone of Tongling City, Anhui Province, which caused serious environmental pollution. After the case was exposed, it was found upon identification and appraisal that the aforesaid defendants illegally dumped and disposed of acid pickling sludge, causing the environmental damage of over CNY5.11 million and giving rise to the expenditures of emergency disposal, ecological environment restoration, and identification and appraisal, over CNY1.39 million in total. | | 2016年7月至2017年5月，被告单位宝勋公司及被告人黄冠群、姜家清违反国家关于危险废物管理的规定，在未开具危险废物转移联单的情况下，将酸洗污泥交给无危险废物处置资质的被告人李长红、涂伟东、刘宏桂进行非法处置。被告人李长红、涂伟东、刘宏桂通过伪造有关国家机关、公司印章，制作虚假公文、证件等方式，非法处置酸洗污泥。上述被告人通过汽车、船舶跨省运输危险废物，最终在江苏省淮安市、扬州市、苏州市，安徽省铜陵市非法倾倒、处置酸洗污泥共计1071吨。其中，2017年5月22日，被告人姜家清、李长红、涂伟东伙同被告人汪和平、汪文革、吴祖祥、朱凤华、查龙你等人在安徽省铜陵市经开区将62.88吨酸洗污泥倾倒在长江堤坝内，造成环境严重污染。案发后，经鉴定评估，上述被告人非法倾倒、处置酸洗污泥造成环境损害数额为511万余元，产生应急处置、生态环境修复、鉴定评估等费用共计139万余元。 |
| In addition, from June to November 2017, having no qualification of disposal of hazardous waste, defendants Li Changhong, Tu Weidong, Liu Honggui, Wu Zuxiang, Zhu Fenghua, and Zha Longni illegally collected such toxic and hazardous substances as industrial sludge and waste bakelites from over ten enterprises in Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, transported such toxic and hazardous substances in an inter-provincial manner to the river beach in Jiangbin Village, Tongling City, Anhui Province by ship, and dumped them there. In particular, 313 tons of waste bakelites and over 2,525 tons of industrial sludge were dumped and over 2,400 tons of industrial sludge were attempted to be dumped. | | 此外，2017年6月至11月，被告人李长红、涂伟东、刘宏桂、吴祖祥、朱凤华、查龙你等人在无危险废物处置资质的情况下，非法收集10余家江苏、浙江企业的工业污泥、废胶木等有毒、有害物质，通过船舶跨省运输至安徽省铜陵市江滨村江滩边倾倒。其中，倾倒废胶木313吨、工业污泥2525余吨，另有2400余吨工业污泥倾倒未遂。 |
| II. Proceedings | | （二）诉讼过程 |
| On July 16, 2018, the People's Procuratorate of Jinghu District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province instituted a public prosecution in the People's Court of Jinghu District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province on the ground that defendant entity Baoxun Company and defendants Huang Guanqun, Jiang Jiaqing, Li Changhong, Tu Weidong, and other eight persons were guilty of environmental pollution. On September 28, 2018, the People's Court of Jinghu District entereda judgment of first instance that defendant entity Baoxun Company was guilty of environmental pollution and a fine of CNY10 million should be imposed; defendant Huang Guanqun was guilty of environmental pollution and he should be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of six years and a fine of CNY200,000 should be imposed; defendant Jiang Jiaqing was guilty of environmental pollution and he should be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of five years and nine months and a fine of CNY200,000 should be imposed; and defendant Li Changhong and other nine persons were guilty of environmental pollution and they should be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of six years to criminal detention of four months and a fine should be imposed. After the judgment of first instance was pronounced, defendant entity Baoxun Company, defendant Huang Guanqun, and other persons appealed. On December 5, 2018, upon trial of second instance, the Intermediate People's Court of Wuhu City, Anhui Province entered a judgment of second instance to dismiss the appeal and affirm the original judgment. This judgment has come into force. | | 本案由安徽省芜湖市镜湖区人民检察院于2018年7月16日以被告单位宝勋公司以及被告人黄冠群、姜家清、李长红、涂伟东等12人犯污染环境罪向安徽省芜湖市镜湖区人民法院提起公诉。2018年9月28日，安徽省芜湖市镜湖区人民法院依法作出一审判决，认定被告单位宝勋公司犯污染环境罪，判处罚金一千万元；被告人黄冠群犯污染环境罪，判处有期徒刑六年，并处罚金二十万元；被告人姜家清犯污染环境罪，判处有期徒刑五年九个月，并处罚金二十万元；判处被告人李长红等10人犯污染环境罪，判处有期徒刑六年至拘役四个月不等，并处罚金。一审宣判后，被告单位宝勋公司和被告人黄冠群等人提出上诉。2018年12月5日，安徽省芜湖市中级人民法院二审裁定驳回上诉，维持原判。判决已生效。 |
| III. Significance | | （三）典型意义 |
| The Yangtze River is the mother river of the Chinese ethnic peoples and it is an important support for the development of the Chinese ethnic peoples. Promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone is an important decision of the CPC Central Committee and a major strategy that matters the overall national development. Serving the high-level protection of the ecology of the Yangtze River and the high-quality economic and social development and providing strong guarantees for jointly ensuring large protection and not conducting extensive development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone are the major political duties, social responsibilities, and legal liabilities of public security organs and judicial organs. In judicial practice, the criminal acts of environmental pollution in 11 provinces (autonomous regions directly under the Central Government) in the Yangtze River Economic Zone where radioactive waste, waste including infectious agents, toxic substances, or other hazardous substances are discharged, dumped, or disposed of should be severely punished according to the law. | | 长江是中华民族的母亲河，也是中华民族发展的重要支撑。推动长江经济带发展是党中央作出的重大决策，是关系国家发展全局的重大战略。服务长江生态高水平保护和经济社会高质量发展，为长江经济带共抓大保护、不搞大开发提供有力保障，是公安司法机关肩负的重大政治责任、社会责任和法律责任。司法实践中，对发生在长江经济带十一省（直辖市）的跨省（直辖市）排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他有害物质的环境污染犯罪行为，应当依法从重处罚。 |
| In this case, defendant entity Baoxun Company, defendant Huang Guanqun, and other 11 persons committed inter-provincial transport and transfer of hazardous waste in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and other places and dumped and disposed of such hazardous waste in the Yangtze River basin or even the dams of the Yangtze River. With a large volume of hazardous waste involved and long duration, their acts have caused serious hazards to the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin. The case-handling organs at the place where the case was exposed should strengthen collaboration and cooperation, ascertain case facts, and legally investigate the criminal liabilities of defendant entity Baoxun Company, defendant Huang Guanqun, and other 11 persons. This case is of typical significance in handling inter-provincial (autonomous regions directly under the Central Government) cases of environmental pollution along the Yangtze River Economic Zone and protecting the Yangtze River, the mother river of China. | | 本案中，被告单位宝勋公司及被告人黄冠群等12人在江苏、浙江、安徽等地跨省运输、转移危险废物，并在长江流域甚至是长江堤坝内倾倒、处置，危险废物数量大，持续时间长，给长江流域生态环境造成严重危害。涉案地办案机关加强协作配合，查清犯罪事实，对被告单位宝勋公司及被告人黄冠群等12人依法追究刑事责任，在办理长江经济带跨省（直辖市）环境污染案件，守护好长江母亲河方面具有典型意义。 |
| Case No. 2: Case of Environment Pollution involving Shanghai Yinda Metal Products Co., Ltd., Defendant Ying Weida, and Other Four Persons | | 案例二：上海印达金属制品有限公司及被告人应伟达等5人污染环境案 |
| I. Basic Facts | | （一）基本案情 |
| Defendant Ying Weida was the actual operator of defendant entity Shanghai Yinda Metal Products Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Yinda Company”), and defendant Wang Shoubo was the person-in-charge of the Production Department of Yinda Company. | | 被告单位上海印达金属制品有限公司（以下简称“印达公司”），被告人应伟达系印达公司实际经营人，被告人王守波系印达公司生产部门负责人。 |
| Yinda Company mainly produced and processed metal products, metal fittings, and stainless steel products and the waste effluent generated in the production process was collected in storage tanks in the factory. In December 2017, defendant Ying Weida decided to deliver the waste effluent in the storage tank to defendant He Hairui for disposal and agreed that Ying Weida would pay He Hairui CNY7,000 and Wang Shoubo took charge of the specific matter. Afterwards, He Hairui contacted defendant Xu Pengpeng. At night of December 22, Xu Pengpeng and defendant Xu Pingping arrived at the gate of Yinda Company by driving a tank car to join He Hairui. After He Hairui contacted Wang Shoubo, they entered Yinda Company and extracted the waste effluent. The three persons then drove the car to 100 meters west of Waiqingsong Highway and Heji Road in Baihe Township, Qingpu District, Shanghai Municipality and dumped over 6 tons of waste effluent to the municipal inspection shaft there. It was identified by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Qingpu District that the dumped substances were caustic hazardous waste. | | 印达公司主要生产加工金属制品、小五金、不锈钢制品等，生产过程中产生的废液被收集在厂区储存桶内。2017年12月，被告人应伟达决定将储存桶内的废液交予被告人何海瑞处理，并约定向其支付7000元，由王守波负责具体事宜。后何海瑞联系了被告人徐鹏鹏，12月22日夜，被告人徐鹏鹏、徐平平驾驶槽罐车至公司门口与何海瑞会合，经何海瑞与王守波联系后进入公司抽取废液，三人再驾车至上海市青浦区白鹤镇外青松公路、鹤吉路西100米处，先后将约6吨废液倾倒至该处市政窨井内。经青浦区环保局认定，倾倒物质属于有腐蚀性的危险废物。 |
| II. Proceedings | | （二）诉讼过程 |
| On May 9, 2018, the Shanghai Railway Transport Procuratorate instituted a public prosecution in the Shanghai Railway Transport Court on the ground that defendants Ying Weida, Wang Shoubo, and other three persons were guilty of environmental pollution. In the process of case-handling, the Shanghai Railway Transport Procuratorate instituted a supplementary prosecution against defendant entity Yinda Company. On August 24, 20 8, the Shanghai Railway Transport Court entereda judgment that defendant entity Yinda Company was guilty of environmental pollution and a fine of CNY100,000 should be imposed; defendants Ying Weida, Wang Shoubo, and other three persons were guilty of environmental pollution and they should be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment ranging from one year to nine months and a fine should be imposed. This judgment has come into force. | | 本案由上海铁路运输检察院于2018年5月9日以被告人应伟达、王守波等5人犯污染环境罪向上海铁路运输法院提起公诉。在案件审理过程中，上海铁路运输检察院对被告单位印达公司补充起诉。2018年8月24日，上海铁路运输法院依法作出判决，认定被告单位印达公司犯污染环境罪，判处罚金十万元；被告人应伟达、王守波等5人犯污染环境罪，判处有期徒刑一年至九个月不等，并处罚金。判决已生效。 |
| III. Significance | | （三）典型意义 |
The accurate identification of a crime committed by an entity and investigation into the entity's criminal liability are key issues in the handling of a criminal case of environmental pollution. In some regions, there are such circumstances and problems where the liabilities of natural persons for committing a crime are more investigated, the liabilities of entities for committing a crime are less investigated, and it is difficult to identify crimes committed by an entity. In judicial practice, where an act of environmental pollution is committed upon decision and approval of the actual controller of an entity, its major responsible person in charge, or authorized person in charge, the act should be identified as a crime committed by an entity and the entity, its directly responsible person in charge, and other directly responsible persons should all be subject to criminal liability.
．．．．．． | | 准确认定单位犯罪并追究刑事责任是办理环境污染刑事案件中的重点问题，一些地方存在追究自然人犯罪多，追究单位犯罪少，单位犯罪认定难的情况和问题。司法实践中，经单位实际控制人、主要负责人或者授权的分管负责人决定、同意，实施环境污染行为的，应当认定为单位犯罪，对单位及其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员均应追究刑事责任。
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