| Guiding Case No. 110 of the Supreme People's Court: Nanhai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Transport v. Archangelos Investments E.N.E. and Shanghai Representative Office of Hong Kong Andaousen Co., Ltd. (dispute over a salvage contract) | | 指导案例110号：交通运输部南海救助局诉阿昌格罗斯投资公司、香港安达欧森有限公司上海代表处海难救助合同纠纷案 |
| (Issued on February 25, 2019 as deliberated and adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court) | | （最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2019年2月25日发布） |
| Guiding Case No. 110 | | 指导案例110号 |
| Keywords | | 【关键词】 |
| Civil; salvage contract; employed salvage; salvage reward | | 民事/海难救助合同/雇佣救助/救助报酬 |
| Key Points of Judgment | | 【裁判要点】 |
| 1. The International Convention on Salvage 1989 and the Maritime Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Maritime Law”) prescribe the principle of “no cure, no pay” for salvage contracts, but they allow the parties to separately agree on the salvage reward. If the parties explicitly agree that the party salved should pay reward no matter whether the salvage is successful and the input per HP hour and the manual input for the salvage of the salved vessel should serve as the standards for calculating the salvage reward, the contract is an employed salvage contract rather than a salvage contract as prescribed in the aforesaid international convention and the Maritime Law. | | 1.《1989年国际救助公约》和我国海商法规定救助合同“无效果无报酬”，但均允许当事人对救助报酬的确定可以另行约定。若当事人明确约定，无论救助是否成功，被救助方均应支付报酬，且以救助船舶每马力小时和人工投入等作为计算报酬的标准时，则该合同系雇佣救助合同，而非上述国际公约和我国海商法规定的救助合同。 |
| 2. Where there are no specific provisions on an employed salvage contract in the International Convention on Salvage 1989 and the Maritime Law, the relevant provisions of the Contract Law should apply to determine the rights and obligations of the parties. | | 2.在《1989年国际救助公约》和我国海商法对雇佣救助合同没有具体规定的情况下，可以适用我国合同法的相关规定确定当事人的权利义务。 |
| Legal Provisions | | 【相关法条】 |
| Articles 8 and 107 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China | | 《中华人民共和国合同法》第8条、第107条 |
| Article 179 of the Maritime Law of the People's Republic of China | | 《中华人民共和国海商法》第179条 |
| Basic Facts | | 【基本案情】 |
| The Nanhai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Transport (hereinafter referred to as the “Nanhai Rescue Bureau”) alleged that: After the oil tanker “Archangelos Gabriel” got stranded in the Qiongzhou Strait, authorized by Archangelos Investments E.N.E. (hereinafter referred to as “Archangelos Investments”), the Nanhai Rescue Bureau provided such services as salvage, transport, and guarding, but Archangelos Investments has not paid the salvage reward yet. The Nanhai Rescue Bureau requested the Guangzhou Maritime Court to order that Archangelos Investments and Shanghai Representative Office of Hong Kong Andaousen Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the “Shanghai Representative Office”) should jointly and severally pay the salvage reward of CNY7,240,998.24 and the interest thereof. | | 交通运输部南海救助局（以下简称南海救助局）诉称：“加百利”轮在琼州海峡搁浅后，南海救助局受阿昌格罗斯投资公司(以下简称投资公司)委托提供救助、交通、守护等服务，但投资公司一直未付救助费用。请求法院判令投资公司和香港安达欧森有限公司上海代表处（以下简称上海代表处）连带支付救助费用7240998.24元及利息。 |
| The Guangzhou Maritime Court found upon trial that “Archangelos Gabriel” owned by Archangelos Investments was a Greek oil tanker, which carried 54,580 tons of Cabinda crude oil. Around 05:00 on August 12, 2011, the tanker got stranded nearby the north water channel of the Qiongzhou Strait and both the tanker and the carried goods were in danger, which has seriously endangered the environmental safety of the waters. After the accident occurred, Archangelos Investments immediately authorized the Shanghai Representative Office to send an emergency email to the Nanhai Rescue Bureau on matters concerning the stranding of the tanker “Archangelos Gabriel,” requested the Nanhai Rescue Bureau to arrange two towing vessels to provide salvage services according to its experience, and consented to the quotation of the Nanhai Rescue Bureau. | | 法院经审理查明：投资公司所属“加百利”轮系希腊籍油轮，载有卡宾达原油54580吨。2011年8月12日5时左右在琼州海峡北水道附近搁浅，船舶及船载货物处于危险状态，严重威胁海域环境安全。事故发生后，投资公司立即授权上海代表处就“加百利”轮搁浅事宜向南海救助局发出紧急邮件，请南海救助局根据经验安排两艘拖轮进行救助，并表示同意南海救助局的报价。 |
Around 20:40 on August 12, the Shanghai Representative Office submitted a letter of authorization to the Nanhai Rescue Bureau through an email, authorized the Nanhai Rescue Bureau to dispatch the vessels “Nanhai Rescue 116” and “Nanhai Rescue 101” to the scene for assisting in refloating the tanker “Archangelos Gabriel,” and promised that it consented to pay the bill at the rate of CNY3.2 per HP per hour no matter whether the Nanhai Rescue Bureau succeeded in assisting in the refloating, the billing cycle started from getting the towing vessels on duty ready at the standby location to notifying the task completion by the Shanghai Representative Office and returning to the original standby location. The vessels “Nanhai Rescue 116” and “Nanhai Rescue 101” were only responsible for conducting towing operation and it was unnecessary for the Nanhai Rescue Bureau to be liable for any accident occurring in the process of refloating of the tanker “Archangelos Gabriel.” In addition, the Shanghai Representative Office requested the Nanhai Rescue Bureau to dispatch a team of divers to the tanker “Archangelos Gabriel” to conduct exploration and the fees were as follows: CNY10,000 for land dispatch; CNY55,000 for water traffic; CNY40,000 per eight hours for operation, with the billing cycle starting from the divers' boarding the commuter to the debarkation after completing the operation and leaving the commuter. On August 13, Archangelos Investments also put forward the rental of the vessel “Nanhai Rescue 201” to transport two representatives from Haikou to the tanker “Archangelos Gabriel.” The Nanhai Rescue Bureau sent an email to the Shanghai Representative Office, stating that the rate of the vessel “Nanhai Rescue 201” was CNY1.5 per HP per hour and the total fee would be calculated according to the rental duration.
．．．．．． | | 8月12日20:40，上海代表处通过电子邮件向南海救助局提交委托书，委托南海救助局派出“南海救116”轮和“南海救101”轮到现场协助“加百利”轮出浅，承诺无论能否成功协助出浅，均同意按每马力小时3.2元的费率付费，计费周期为拖轮自其各自的值班待命点备车开始起算至上海代表处通知任务结束、拖轮回到原值班待命点为止。“南海救116”轮和“南海救101”轮只负责拖带作业，“加百利”轮脱浅作业过程中如发生任何意外南海救助局无需负责。另，请南海救助局派遣一组潜水队员前往“加百利”轮探摸，费用为：陆地调遣费10000元；水上交通费55000元；作业费每8小时40000元，计费周期为潜水员登上交通船开始起算，到作业完毕离开交通船上岸为止。8月13日，投资公司还提出租用“南海救201”轮将其两名代表从海口运送至“加百利”轮。南海救助局向上海代表处发邮件称，“南海救201”轮费率为每马力小时1.5元，根据租用时间计算总费用。
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