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Wang Qian v. Lu Rongfang, Ningxia Construction Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. and Third Party Ningxia Hengchangsheng Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Private Lending)
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王谦与卢蓉芳、宁夏建工集团房地产开发有限公司、第三人宁夏恒昌盛房地产开发有限公司民间借贷纠纷案
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Wang Qian v. Lu Rongfang, Ningxia Construction Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. and Third Party Ningxia Hengchangsheng Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Private Lending)
王谦与卢蓉芳、宁夏建工集团房地产开发有限公司、第三人宁夏恒昌盛房地产开发有限公司民间借贷纠纷案
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| Wang Qian v. Lu Rongfang, Ningxia Construction Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. and Third Party Ningxia Hengchangsheng Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Private Lending) | | 王谦与卢蓉芳、宁夏建工集团房地产开发有限公司、第三人宁夏恒昌盛房地产开发有限公司民间借贷纠纷案 |
| [Judgment Abstract] | | 【裁判摘要】 |
| Where a party winning or partially winning the original trial fails to appeal, makes it clear before the appellate court that the original judgment is correct and should be upheld, but files a petition for retrial after the original judgment is upheld by the appeal court, the party's petition for retrial should not be supported for lack of any benefit from the retrial. Otherwise, it would be actually encouragement of or indifference to the abuse of the retrial procedure by dishonest parties, resulting in the abuse of procedural rights and the waste of judicial resources. | | 一审胜诉或部分胜诉的当事人未提起上诉，且在二审中明确表示一审判决正确应予维持，在二审判决维持原判后，该当事人又申请再审的，因其缺乏再审利益，对其再审请求不应予以支持，否则将变相鼓励或放纵不守诚信的当事人滥用再审程序，导致对诉讼权利的滥用和对司法资源的浪费。 |
| Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国最高人民法院 |
| Civil Ruling | | 民事裁定书 |
| No. 2483 [2017], Civil, Petition, SPC | | (2017)最高法民申2483号 |
| BASIC FACTS | | |
| Retrial Petitioner (plaintiff and appellee): Wang Qian, male, Han ethnicity, born on September 27, 1985, domiciled at Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. | | 再审申请人（一审原告、二审被上诉人）：王谦。 |
| Respondent (defendant and appellant): Lu Rongfang, female, Han ethnicity, born on October 23, 1975, domiciled at Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province. | | 被申请人（一审被告、二审上诉人）：卢蓉芳。 |
| Respondent (defendant): Ningxia Construction Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., domiciled at North No. 2, No. 6 Road, Central Avenue, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. | | 被申请人（一审被告）：宁夏建工集团房地产开发有限公司。 |
| Legal Representative: Bai Yuncheng, Chairman of the Board of Directors. | | 法定代表人：白云程，该公司董事长。 |
| Attorney: Liu Yanning, Ningxia Fude Law Firm | | 委托诉讼代理人：刘艳宁，宁夏辅德律师事务所律师。 |
| Third Party in the Original Trial: Ningxia Hengchangsheng Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., domiciled at No. 32, Jinbo Neighborhood, Huaiyuan East Road, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. | | 一审第三人：宁夏恒昌盛房地产开发有限公司。 |
| Legal Representative: Xiao Tianjuan, Chairman of the Board of Directors. | | 法定代表人：肖天娟，该公司董事长。 |
| Against the Civil Ruling No. 278 [2016], Final, Civil, Ningxia entered by the Higher People's Court of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for a dispute over private lending with Lu Rongfang and Ningxia Construction Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Construction Group”), the respondents, and Ningxia Hengchangsheng Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Hengchangsheng Company”), a third party in the original trial, Wang Qian, the retrial petitioner, petitioned this Court for retrial of the case. This Court formed a collegial panel in accordance with the law to review the case, and the review has concluded. | | 再审申请人王谦因与被申请人卢蓉芳、宁夏建工集团房地产开发有限公司（以下简称建工集团）、一审第三人宁夏恒昌盛房地产开发有限公司（以下简称恒昌盛公司）民间借贷纠纷一案，不服宁夏回族自治区高级人民法院（2016）宁民终278号民事判决，向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭对本案进行了审查，现已审查终结。 |
In the petition for retrial, Wang Qian alleges that the case falls under the circumstances set out in subparagraphs (2) and (6) of Article 200 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and should be granted a retrial. Wang Qian requests this Court: (1) to revoke paragraph 2 of Civil Judgment No. 281 [2015], First, Civil, Yinchuan, revoke Civil Judgment No. 278 [2016], Final, Civil, Ningxia, and retry this case in accordance with the law; (2) to rule that Lu Rongfang should repay Wang Qian the principal of the loan of 7.08 million yuan and pay interest thereon at an annual interest rate of 24% for the period from September 6, 2015, to the date of actual full repayment; (3) to rule that Construction Group should be jointly liable for paying the principal and interest and should not dispose of the share of the land use right in the Xinyiyuan Project equivalent to the amount of the principal and interest in this case before paying off the principal and interest; and (4) to rule that the expenses incurred in the original trial, trial on appeal, and retrial of this case should be assumed by Lu Rongfang and Construction Group. Facts and reasons: (1) The incomplete finding of facts by the court of first instance and the court of second instance is the root cause of errors in their judgments. Prior to the loan, Wang Qian and Lu Rongfang did not know each other. On December 24, 2013, Construction Group auctioned the right to use the land involved in the case, and Lu Rongfang was one of the buyers. Because Lu Rongfang could not afford the payment for the land transfer, Construction Group introduced her to Wang Qian so that she could borrow money from him. Deliberately concealing the fact from Wang Qian that all income from the project would be owned by Hengchangsheng Company as agreed in an Agreement on Joint Development of Real Estate signed by Construction Group and Hengchangsheng Company on March 20, 2014, Construction Group and Lu Rongfang claimed that the land was jointly developed by Construction Group and Lu Rongfang, which misled Wang Qian into thinking that Lu Rongfang owned the right to use the land. It was because of the supervisory commitments made by Construction Group that Wang Qian lent the money to Lu Rongfang. Although Construction Group signed the Loan Agreement, it could neither perform its supervisory responsibility in the agreement nor help Wang Qian realize his claims. The court of first instance and the court of second instance failed to find such a major fault of Construction Group in their judgments. (2) The court of first instance and the court of second instance failed to impose joint liability on Construction Group for the debt, which is erroneous fact finding and improper application of law. The Loan Agreement provides: “Where the project fails to be jointly developed by Construction Group and Party B (Lu Rongfang), Party B must pay off the Debt before making any disposition of the right to use the land, and Party B may dispose of the right to use the land only after paying off the Debt. Party A shall have no liability for all debts arising in the process of development, such as construction payments and labor service charges. After Party B pays off the Debt to Party A, the security interest in the land shall be discharged.” This clause is applicable on the premise that Lu Rongfang had the right to use the land so that Construction Group could supervise her disposition of land without paying off the debt. The land use right purchased by Lu Rongfang was her contribution to Hengchangsheng Company as a shareholder, and the land development project was jointly carried out by Construction Group and Hengchangsheng Company. The court of first instance knew that Lu Rongfang did not have the right to use the land involved in the case but failed to hold Construction Group liable, which was seriously inconsistent with the facts. By fraud and concealment in the process of borrowing, Construction Group and Lu Rongfang caused Wang Qian to sign the Loan Agreement and lend the money contrary to his true declaration of intent. The Loan Agreement should be revoked. Pursuant to Article 58 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
．．．．．． | | 王谦申请再审称，本案符合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项规定的情形，应予再审。请求：1.撤销（2015）银民初字第281号民事判决第二项，撤销（2016）宁民终278号民事判决，依法对本案再审；2.改判卢蓉芳偿还王谦借款本金708万元，并按年利率24%从2015年9月6日支付利息至实际清偿日止；3.建工集团对上述借款本息承担共同清偿责任，同时判令建工集团在未清偿全部借款本息前，不得处置与本案借款本息同等金额的欣益苑项目土地使用权份额；4.本案一审、二审、再审费用由卢蓉芳、建工集团承担。事实和理由：一、一、二审判决认定事实不完整是造成判决错误的根本原因。借款发生前，王谦与卢蓉芳并不认识。建工集团于2013年12月24日拍卖涉案土地的使用权，卢蓉芳为买受人之一。因卢蓉芳无力支付土地出让金，建工集团介绍卢蓉芳从王谦处借款。建工集团和卢蓉芳故意向王谦隐瞒建工集团与恒昌盛公司已于2014年3月20日就涉案土地签订《联合开发房地产协议》以及约定项目全部收益归恒昌盛公司所有的事实，称该土地系建工集团与卢蓉芳共同开发，致使王谦误以为卢蓉芳拥有该土地使用权，从而因建工集团作出的监管承诺而将款项出借给卢蓉芳。建工集团虽签订《借款协议》，但根本无法按照协议的约定履行监管职责，无法协助王谦实现债权，一、二审判决对建工集团的重大过错未予认定。二、一、二审法院未判令建工集团承担共同清偿责任，认定事实错误，适用法律不当。《借款协议》约定：“如该项目未能由建工集团与乙方（卢蓉芳）联合开发时，乙方做出该土地使用权的任何处置前，必须清偿该债务，乙方清偿该债务后方可处置该土地使用权。甲方对开发过程中的全部义务如工程款、劳务费等均不担责。乙方清偿了甲方全部债务后，该土地担保自行解除。”该条款适用的前提是卢蓉芳享有土地使用权，建工集团才能对卢蓉芳未清偿债务而处置土地的行为进行监管。卢蓉芳所购买的土地使用权是其作为股东对恒昌盛公司的出资，土地项目由建工集团与恒昌盛公司联合开发。一审法院明知卢蓉芳对涉案土地不享有使用权，却未认定建工集团的责任，与事实严重不符。基于建工集团、卢蓉芳在借款过程中采取欺诈、隐瞒的手段，使王谦在违背真实意思表示的情况下签订了《借款协议》并出借款项，因此《借款协议》应当被撤销。根据《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十八条的规定，建工集团应当承担共同清偿责任。三、一、二审判决未撤销《借款协议》，而是认定《借款协议》合法有效，但却又未按协议约定判决建工集团履行监管职责，判决结果错误。
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