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Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (For Trial Implementation) [Expired]
中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行) [失效]
【法宝引证码】

 
Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (For Trial Implementation) 

中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)


(Adopted in principle at the 11th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated for trial implementation by Order No. 2 of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on September 13, 1979)
 
(全国人大常委会令第二号 1979年9月13日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议原则通过)

 

Table of Contents 目录

 
Chapter 1: General Provisions 第一章 总则

 
Chapter 2: Protection of Natural Environment 第二章 保护自然环境

 
Chapter 3: Prevention and Elimination of Pollution and Other Hazards to the Public 第三章 防治污染和其他公害

 
Chapter 4: Environmental Protection Organs and Their Functions 第四章 环境保护机构和职责

 
Chapter 5: Scientific Research, Publicity and Education 第五章 科学研究和宣传教育

 
Chapter 6: Awards and Punishments 第六章 奖励和惩罚

 
Chapter 7: Supplementary Provisions 第七章 附则

 
Chapter 1: General Provisions 

第一章 总则


 
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China which provides that "the state protects the environment and natural resources and prevents and eliminates pollution and other hazards to the public."   第一条 根据中华人民共和国宪法十一条关于“国家保护环境和自然资源,防治污染和其他公害”的规定,制定本法。

 
Article 2 The function of the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is to ensure, in the course of socialist modernization, rational use of the natural environment and prevention and elimination of environmental pollution and damage to ecosystems, so as to create a clean and favorable living and working environment for the people, protect the health of the people and promote economic development.   第二条 中华人民共和国环境保护法的任务,是保证在社会主义现代化建设中,合理地利用自然环境,防治环境污染和生态破坏,为人民造成清洁适宜的生活和劳动环境,保护人民健康,促进经济发展。

 
Article 3 "Environment" as mentioned in this Law refers to the atmosphere, water, land, mineral resources, forests, grasslands, wildlife, wild plants, aquatic plants and animals, famous historic sites, scenic spots for sightseeing, hot springs, health resorts, nature conservation areas, residential districts, etc.   第三条 本法所称环境是指:大气、水、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生动物、野生植物、水生生物、名胜古迹、风景游览区、温泉、疗养区、自然保护区、生活居住区等。

 
Article 4 The guidelines for environmental protection work are: overall planning, rational layout, comprehensive utilization, conversion of the harmful into the useful, and reliance upon the masses with everybody taking part in the protection of the environment for the benefit of the people.   第四条 环境保护工作的方针是:全面规划,合理布局,综合利用,化害为利,依靠群众,大家动手,保护环境,造福人民。

 
Article 5 The State Council and its subordinate departments, and the local people's governments at various levels must carry out environmental protection work in earnest and successfully. In planning for national economic development, they shall give overall consideration to the protection and improvement of the environment and take practical measures for its implementation. Where pollution of the environment and other hazards to the public have already been caused, plans shall be worked out to eliminate them in a systematic and orderly manner.   第五条 国务院和所属各部门、地方各级人民政府必须切实做好环境保护工作;在制定发展国民经济计划的时候,必须对环境的保护和改善统筹安排,并认真组织实施;对已经造成的环境污染和其他公害,必须作出规划,有计划有步骤地加以解决。

 
Article 6 All enterprises and institutions must pay adequate attention to the prevention of pollution and damage to the environment when selecting their sites, and in designing, construction and production. In planning new construction, reconstruction and extension projects, the units concerned must submit an environmental impact statement to the environmental protection department and other relevant departments for examination and approval before the designing is started. Installations for the prevention of pollution and other hazards to the public must be designed, built and put into operation simultaneously with the main project. Discharge of all kinds of harmful substances must be in compliance with the standards set by the state.   第六条 一切企业、事业单位的选址、设计、建设和生产,都必须充分注意防止对环境的污染和破坏。在进行新建、改建和扩建工程时,必须提出对环境影响的报告书,经环境保护部门和其他有关部门审查批准后才能进行设计;其中防止污染和其他公害的设施,必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产;各项有害物质的排放必须遵守国家规定的标准。

Units which have already caused pollution and other hazards to the environment shall, according to the principle of "whoever causes pollution shall be responsible for its elimination," make plans to actively eliminate them, or submit an application to the competent authorities for approval to change their line of production or to move to a new site.
 
已经对环境造成污染和其他公害的单位,应当按照谁污染谁治理的原则,制定规划,积极治理,或者报请主管部门批准转产、搬迁。

 
Article 7 In rebuilding old cities or building new ones, assessments shall be made of the environmental impact on industrial, residential and afforestation areas, and on public utility facilities, in the light of meteorological, geographical, hydrological and ecological conditions, and overall planning and rational layout shall be made to prevent pollution and other hazards to the public, so as to build clean modern cities in a planned way.   第七条 在老城市改造和新城市建设中,应当根据气象、地理、水文、生态等条件,对工业区、居民区、公用设施、绿化地带等作出环境影响评价,全面规划,合理布局,防治污染和其他公害,有计划地建设成为现代化的清洁城市。

 
Article 8 All citizens have the right to supervise, accuse and bring a suit against the unit or the individual who has caused pollution and damage to the environment. The unit or the individual thus accused and charged shall not take any retaliatory action.   第八条 公民对污染和破坏环境的单位和个人,有权监督、检举和控告。被检举、控告的单位和个人不得打击报复。

 
Article 9 All foreigners and foreign airborne devices, vessels, vehicles, goods, plants and animals, etc. that enter or pass through Chinese territorial land, waters or air must abide by this Law and other regulations and rules relating to environmental protection.   第九条 凡进入或者经过中国领陆、领水、领空的外国人和外国的航空器、船舶、车辆、物资、生物等,必须遵守本法和其他有关环境保护的条例、规定。

 
Chapter 2: Protection of Natural Environment 

第二章 保护自然环境


 
Article 10 Attention shall be paid to using the land rationally according to local conditions, improving the soil and increasing the vegetation, so as to prevent erosion, hardening, alkalinization and desertification of the soil, and water and soil losses.   第十条 因地制宜地合理使用土地,改良土壤,增加植被,防止土壤侵蚀、板结、盐碱化、沙漠化和水土流失。

Before proceeding with plans to reclaim wasteland, enclose tideland along the shores of seas or lakes for cultivation, and construct large or medium-sized new water conservancy projects, comprehensive scientific surveys shall be carried out and practical measures for protection and improvement of the environment taken to prevent damage to ecosystems.
 
开垦荒地、围海围湖造地、新建大中型水利工程等,必须事先做好综合科学调查,切实采取保护和改善环境的措施,防止破坏生态系统。

 
Article 11 Waters such as rivers, lakes, seas, and reservoirs shall be protected and the quality of their water kept in a good state.   第十一条 保护江、河、湖、海、水库等水域,维持水质良好状态。

Aquatic animals and plants shall be protected, developed and rationally utilized. Fishing to the extent of threatening extinction and wholesale destruction of aquatic products shall be prohibited.
 
保护、发展和合理利用水生生物,禁止灭绝性的捕捞和破坏。

Tight control shall be exercised over, and economical use shall be made of water in industry and agriculture, and in daily life. Groundwater shall be exploited rationally to prevent water sources from drying up and to avoid surface subsidence.
 
严格管理和节约工业用水、农业用水和生活用水,合理开采地下水,防止水源枯竭和地面沉降。

 
Article 12 In exploiting mineral resources, comprehensive prospecting, evaluation and utilization shall be carried out; excavating and mining at random is strictly forbidden, and tailings and slags shall be appropriately disposed of, so as to prevent damage to resources and defilement of the natural environment.   第十二条 开发矿藏资源,必须实行综合勘探、综合评价、综合利用,严禁乱挖乱采,妥善处理尾矿矿渣,防止破坏资源和恶化自然环境。

 
Article 13 The state's forestry law and regulations shall be strictly observed. Measures shall be taken to protect and increase forest resources. Rational felling and timely cultivation and reforestation shall be practiced. Destroying forests to clear land and arbitrary felling are strictly forbidden. Preventive measures shall be taken against forest fires.   第十三条 严格遵守国家森林法规,保护和发展森林资源,进行合理采伐,及时抚育更新,严禁毁林开荒、乱砍滥伐,防止森林火灾。

Extensive efforts shall be made to afforest our land, on barren hills and wastelands, in desert areas and semi-desert areas, in villages, towns and industrial and mining districts. Attention shall be paid to making good use of all available scattered vacant land inside and outside factory compounds, mining districts, school campuses and office compounds, along roadsides and river banks and around villages and houses by planting trees and grass so as to produce vegetative cover over the entire land surface.
 
大力植树造林,绿化荒山荒地,绿化沙漠区和半沙漠区,绿化村庄、城镇和工矿区。要充分利用工厂、矿区、学校、机关内外和村旁、路旁、水旁、宅旁等一切零散空地,植树种草,实现大地园林化。

 
Article 14 Attention shall be paid to protecting and developing forage grass resources. Active measures shall be adopted to plan and carry out the development of grasslands; graze the sheep and cattle rationally; maintain and improve the regenerating capacity of the grasslands and prevent the grasslands from deteriorating. Indiscriminate reclamation of grasslands is strictly forbidden. Measures shall be taken to prevent grassland fires.   第十四条 保护和发展牧草资源。积极规划和进行草原建设,合理放牧,保持和改善草原的再生能力,防止草原退化,严禁滥垦草原,防止草原火灾。

 
Article 15 Attention shall be paid to protecting, increasing and rationally utilizing wildlife and wild plant resources. In accordance with the provisions of the state, it is strictly forbidden to hunt precious and rare wildlife or fell precious and rare wild plants.   第十五条 保护、发展和合理利用野生动物、野生植物资源。按照国家规定,对于珍贵和稀有的野生动物、野生植物,严禁捕猎、采伐。

 
Chapter 3: Prevention and Elimination of Pollution and Other Hazards to the Public 

第三章 防治污染和其他公害


 
Article 16 Great efforts shall be made to prevent and eliminate pollution of and damage to the environment by noxious substances from factories, mines, enterprises and urban life, such as waste gas, waste water, waste residues, dust, garbage and radioactive material, as well as noise, vibration and foul odours.   第十六条 积极防治工矿企业的和城市生活的废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、垃圾、放射性物质等有害物质和噪声、震动、恶臭等对环境的污染和危害。

 
Article 17 It is not permitted to set up enterprises or institutions that will cause pollution of the environment in residential areas of cities and towns, water source protection zones, famous historic sites, scenic spots for sightseeing, hot springs, health resorts and nature conservation areas. Where such units have already been established, they shall be ordered to eliminate and control the pollution within a certain period, or to make the necessary adjustments, or to move to other sites.   第十七条 在城镇生活居住区、水源保护区、名胜古迹、风景游览区、温泉、疗养区和自然保护区,不准建立污染环境的企业、事业单位。已建成的,要限期治理、调整或者搬迁。

 
Article 18 Effective measures shall be taken to experiment with and adopt new technology, techniques and products which will cause less pollution or no pollution at all.   第十八条 积极试验和采用无污染或少污染的新工艺、新技术、新产品。

Attention shall be paid to strengthening business management and carrying out well-organized production; making comprehensive use of such environment-polluting substances as waste gas, waste water and waste residues, and turning harm into good. Discharge of such substances where necessary shall be in compliance with the standards set by the state. Where such standards cannot be met for the time being, the enterprises concerned shall be ordered to eliminate and control the pollution within a certain period. Restrictions shall be imposed on their scale of production if they still cannot meet the state-set standards.
 
加强企业管理,实行文明生产,对于污染环境的废气、废水、废渣,要实行综合利用、化害为利;需要排放的,必须遵守国家规定的标准;一时达不到国家标准的要限期治理;逾期达不到国家标准的,要限制企业的生产规模。

In cases where the discharge of pollutants exceeds the limits of the state-set standards, a discharge fee shall be paid in accordance with the relevant provisions and taking into consideration, the quantity and concentration of the pollutants discharged.
 
超过国家规定的标准排放污染物,要按照排放污染物的数量和浓度,根据规定收取排污费。

 
Article 19 Effective measures shall be taken to remove the smoke and dust from all smoke-discharge devices, industrial furnaces and kilns, motor vehicles, vessels, etc., and discharge of noxious gases shall be in compliance with the standards set by the state.   第十九条 一切排烟装置、工业窑炉、机动车辆、船舶等,都要采取有效的消烟除尘措施,有害气体的排放,必须符合国家规定的标准。

Coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, marsh gas, solar energy, terrestrial heat and other non-polluting or less polluting energy resources shall be developed and used on a large scale. In the cities, district central heating shall be actively promoted.
 
大力发展和利用煤气、液化石油气、天然气、沼气、太阳能、地热和其他无污染或者少污染的能源。在城市要积极推广区域供热。

 
Article 20 It is prohibited to dump garbage and waste residues into waters of any kind. Discharge of sewage shall be in compliance with the standards set by the state.   第二十条 禁止向一切水域倾倒垃圾、废渣。排放污水必须符合国家规定的标准。

Vessels are prohibited from discharging substances containing oil or poison and other harmful wastes into waters that are protected under state provisions.
 
禁止船舶向国家规定保护的水域排放含油、含毒物质和其他有害废弃物。

It is strictly prohibited to discharge poisonous and harmful waste water by way of seepage pits, crevices or caverns, or to use dilution methods, so as to prevent seepage of industrial waste water and to ensure that groundwater is not contaminated.
 
严禁使用渗坑、裂隙、溶洞或稀释办法排放有毒有害废水,防止工业污水渗漏,确保地下水不受污染。

The sources of drinking water shall be strictly protected against contamination, and sewage piping system and sewage purification facilities in the cities shall be gradually completed and improved.
 
严格保护饮用水源,逐步完善城市排污管网和污水净化设施。

 
Article 21 Efforts shall be made to develop pesticides which are of high effect, low toxicity and low residue. Comprehensive and biological methods of pest control shall be promoted and rational use of sewage for irrigation shall be practiced so as to prevent pollution of the soil and crops.   第二十一条 积极发展高效、低毒、低残留农药。推广综合防治和生物防治,合理利用污水灌溉,防止土壤和作物的污染。

 
Article 22 Control of urban and industrial noise and vibration shall be strengthened. All types of machines, motor vehicles, airborne vehicles, etc. that produce loud noise and strong vibrations shall be equipped with mufflers and anti-vibration devices.   第二十二条 加强对城市和工业噪声、震动的管理。各种噪声大、震动大的机械设备、机动车辆、航空器等,都应当装置消声、防震设施。

 
Article 23 Units which emit noxious gases or dust shall use sealed production equipment and technology, and install ventilating, dust-collecting and purification and recovery facilities. The amount of permissible noxious gases and dust in the working environment must conform to the state regulations on industrial safety standards.   第二十三条 散发有害气体、粉尘的单位,要积极采用密闭的生产设备和生产工艺,并安装通风、吸尘和净化、回收设施。劳动环境的有害气体和粉尘含量,必须符合国家工业卫生标准的规定。

 
Article 24 Toxic chemicals must be registered and controlled strictly. Acutely toxic materials must be tightly sealed to prevent spilling and leakage during storing and transportation.   第二十四条 对有毒化学品必须严格登记和管理。对剧毒物品应当严加密封,防止在储存和运输过程中散漏。

Radioactive materials, electro-magnetic radiation, etc. shall be strictly shielded and controlled in accordance with relevant state provisions.
 
对放射性物质、电磁波幅射等,必须按照国家有关规定,严加防护和管理。

 
Article 25 Strict precautions shall be taken to prevent pollution of food in the course of production, processing, packing, transportation, storing and marketing. Food inspection shall be strengthened, and sale, export and import of foods that fall short of the state hygienic standards are strictly prohibited.   第二十五条 严防食品在生产、加工、包装、运输、储存、销售过程中的污染。加强食品检验,不符合国家卫生标准的食品,严禁出售、出口和进口。

 
Chapter 4: Environmental Protection Organs and Their Functions 

第四章 环境保护机构和职责


 
Article 26 The State Council shall establish an environmental protection organ whose main functions shall be:   第二十六条 国务院设立环境保护机构,主要职责是:

 
(1) to implement and supervise the implementation of the state's guidelines, policies, laws and decrees on environmental protection; (一)贯彻并监督执行国家关于保护环境的方针、政策和法律、法令;

 
(2) to draft, in conjunction with relevant departments, regulations, provisions, standards and economic and technical policies relating to environmental protection; (二)会同有关部门拟定环境保护的条例、规定、标准和经济技术政策;

 
(3) to make long-term and annual plans for the protection of the environment in conjunction with relevant departments and urge and supervise their implementation; (三)会同有关部门制定环境保护的长远规划和年度计划,并督促检查其执行;

 
(4) to organize monitoring of the environment, investigate and keep informed on the country's environmental situation and its trend of development, and recommend measures for its improvement; (四)统一组织环境监测,调查和掌握全国环境状况和发展趋势,提出改善措施;

 
(5) to organize and coordinate, in conjunction with relevant departments, research and education in environmental science, and actively disseminate advanced experience and techniques, both foreign and domestic, in the field of environmental protection; (五)会同有关部门组织协调环境科学研究和环境教育事业,积极推广国内外保护环境的先进经验和技术;

 
(6) to direct the environmental protection work of all departments under the State Council, and of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; and (六)指导国务院所属各部门和各省、自治区、直辖市的环境保护工作;

 
(7) to organize and coordinate international cooperation and exchanges in the field of environmental protection. (七)组织和协调环境保护的国际合作和交流。

 
Article 27 An environmental protection bureau shall be established by each of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The people's governments of the cities, autonomous prefectures, counties, and autonomous counties may establish an environmental protection organ according to the needs.   第二十七条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府设立环境保护局。市、自治州、县、自治县人民政府根据需要设立环境保护机构。

The main functions of local environmental protection organs at various levels are: to supervise and urge the implementation of the state's guidelines, policies, laws and decrees on environmental protection by the various departments and units within the areas under their own jurisdiction; to draft local standards and norms for environmental protection; to organize monitoring of the environment and keep under review the local environmental situation and its trend of development; to make long-term and annual plans applicable locally for the protection of the environment in conjunction with relevant departments, and supervise their implementation; to organize research and education in environmental science for the locality in conjunction with relevant departments; and actively to disseminate advanced experience and techniques, both foreign and domestic, in the field of environmental protection.
 
地方各级环境保护机构的主要职责是:检查督促所辖地区内各部门、各单位执行国家保护环境的方针、政策和法律、法令;拟定地方的环境保护标准和规范;组织环境监测,掌握本地区环境状况和发展趋势;会同有关部门制定本地区环境保护长远规划和年度计划,并督促实施;会同有关部门组织本地区环境科学研究和环境教育;积极推广国内外保护环境的先进经验和技术。

 
Article 28 Relevant departments under the State Council and the local people's governments at various levels, large and medium enterprises and relevant institutions shall, in accordance with the needs, establish environmental protection organs to be responsible for the protection of the environment within their respective system of affiliated organizations, departments and units.   第二十八条 国务院和地方各级人民政府的有关部门,大、中型企业和有关事业单位,根据需要设立环境保护机构,分别负责本系统、本部门、本单位的环境保护工作。

 
Chapter 5: Scientific Research, Publicity and Education 

第五章 科学研究和宣传教育


 
Article 29 The China Environmental Science Research Institute and other relevant scientific research institutes, universities and colleges shall devote major efforts to research in the following areas: basic theories of environmental science, environmental management, environmental economics, comprehensive control techniques, environmental quality evaluation, environmental pollution and human health, rational use and protection of natural environment, etc.   第二十九条 中国环境科学研究院、有关的科学研究机构和大专院校应当大力开展环境科学基础理论、环境管理、环境经济、综合治理技术、环境质量评价、环境污染与人体健康、自然环境合理利用与保护等问题的研究。

 
Article 30 Cultural and publicity departments shall actively carry out publicity and educational work to disseminate knowledge of environmental science, so as to enhance the understanding of the general public about the significance of environmental protection and to raise their scientific and technical standards in this regard.   第三十条 文化宣传部门要积极开展环境科学知识的宣传教育工作,提高广大人民群众对环境保护工作的认识和科学技术水平。

Environmental protection specialists shall be trained in a planned way. The educational departments shall establish a required course or speciality in environmental protection in the relevant departments of universities and colleges. Secondary and primary school textbooks shall include appropriate texts concerning environmental protection.
 
要有计划地培养环境保护的专门人材。教育部门要在大专院校有关科系设置环境保护必修课程或专业;在中小学课程中,要适当编写有关环境保护的内容。

 
Chapter 6: Awards and Punishments 

第六章 奖励和惩罚


 
Article 31 The state shall give commendations and awards to units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements and contributions to environmental protection.   第三十一条 国家对保护环境有显著成绩和贡献的单位、个人,给予表扬和奖励。

With regard to those products manufactured by enterprises utilizing waste gas, waste water and waste residues as main materials, the state shall grant tax reductions or exemptions and give preferential consideration in pricing policy, and the profits derived therefrom need not be turned over to the state but may be used by the enterprises concerned to control and eliminate pollution and improve the environment.
 
国家对企业利用废气、废水、废渣作主要原料生产的产品,给予减税、免税和价格政策上的照顾,盈利所得不上交,由企业用于治理污染和改善环境。

 
Article 32 With respect to the units which have violated this Law and other environmental protection regulations and provisions, thus causing pollution and damage to the environment and harming the people's health, environmental protection organs at various levels shall, on the merit of each case and subject to the approval of the people's government at the corresponding levels, criticize them, give them a warning, impose a fine or order them to make compensation for the losses and stop production to control and eliminate such pollution.   第三十二条 对违反本法和其他环境保护的条例、规定,污染和破坏环境,危害人民健康的单位,各级环境保护机构要分别情况,报经同级人民政府批准,予以批评、警告、罚款,或者责令赔偿损失、停产治理。

Leaders of units, persons directly responsible or other citizens who have caused serious pollution and damage to the environment resulting in casualties or heavy losses to farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-line production or fishery shall be investigated for administrative or economic responsibility, and even criminal responsibility, in accordance with the law.
 
对严重污染和破坏环境,引起人员伤亡或者造成农、林、牧、副、渔业重大损失的单位的领导人员、直接责任人员或者其他公民,要追究行政责任、经济责任,直至依法追究刑事责任。

 
Chapter 7: Supplementary Provisions 

第七章 附则


 
Article 33 The State Council may formulate regulations and rules governing environmental protection in accordance with this Law.   第三十三条 国务院根据本法,可以制定有关环境保护的条例、规定。
     
     
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