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Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors [Effective]
联合国关于检察官作用的准则 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors

 

联合国关于检察官作用的准则

(Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990) (联合国第八届预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会1990年9月7日通过 古巴哈瓦那)

Whereas in the Charter of the United Nations the peoples of the world affirm, inter alia , their determination to establish conditions under which justice can be maintained, and proclaim as one of their purposes the achievement of international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, 鉴于《联合国宪章》规定,世界各国人民申明决心创造能维护正义的条件并宣告以进行国际合作,不分种族、性别、语言或宗教,促进并鼓励尊重人权和基本自由作为其宗旨之一。
Whereas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines the principles of equality before the law, the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, 鉴于《世界人权宣言》庄严宣布了法律面前人人平等的原则、无罪推定的原则和有权得到独立和不偏不倚的法庭进行公正和公开审讯的原则,
Whereas frequently there still exists a gap between the vision underlying those principles and the actual situation, 鉴于目前在这些原则的基本设想和实际情况之间依然常常存在着差距,
Whereas the organization and administration of justice in every country should be inspired by those principles, and efforts undertaken to translate them fully into reality, 鉴于各国应当按照这些原则的精神去组织和开展司法工作,努力使这些原则完全成为现实,
Whereas prosecutors play a crucial role in the administration of justice, and rules concerning the performance of their important responsibilities should promote their respect for and compliance with the above-mentioned principles, thus contributing to fair and equitable criminal justice and the effective protection of citizens against crime, 鉴于检察官在司法工作中具有决定性作用,有关履行其重要职责的规则应促进其尊重并按照上述原则行事,从而有助于刑事司法公平而合理,并有效地保护公民免受犯罪行为的侵害,
Whereas it is essential to ensure that prosecutors possess the professional qualifications required for the accomplishment of their functions, through improved methods of recruitment and legal and professional training, and through the provision of all necessary means for the proper performance of their role in combating criminality, particularly in its new forms and dimensions, 鉴于通过改进检察官的征聘方法及其法律和专业培训,并向他们提供一切必要手段,使他们在打击犯罪行为,特别是打击新形式和新规模的犯罪行为方面得以克尽职守,确保检察官具备履行其职责所必需的专业资历具有十分重要的意义,
Whereas the General Assembly, by its resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979, adopted the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, on the recommendation of the Fifth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, 鉴于联合国大会根据第五届联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会的建议,在其1979年12月17日第34/169号决议中通过了《执法人员行为守则》,
Whereas in resolution 16 of the Sixth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, the Committee on Crime Prevention and Control was called upon to include among its priorities the elaboration of guidelines relating to the independence of judges and the selection, professional training and status of judges and prosecutors, 鉴于第六届联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会在其第16号决议中要求犯罪预防和控制委员会把制定关于法官的独立及关于法官和检察官的甄选、专业培训和地位的指导方针,列为其工作的重点,
Whereas the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders adopted the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary, subsequently endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985, 鉴于第七届联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会通过了《关于司法机关独立的基本原则》,随后又由联合国大会1985年11月29日第40/32号和1985年12月13日第40/146号决议予以批准,
Whereas the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power recommends measures to be taken at the international and national levels to improve access to justice and fair treatment, restitution, compensation and assistance for victims of crime, 鉴于《为罪行和滥用权力行为受害者取得公理的基本原则宣言》建议在国际和国家这两级采取措施,使犯罪行为的受害者能更好地获得正义与公平待遇、追复原物、赔偿和援助,
Whereas , in resolution 7 of the Seventh Congress the Committee was called upon to consider the need for guidelines relating, inter alia , to the selection, professional training and status of prosecutors, their expected tasks and conduct, means to enhance their contribution to the smooth functioning of the criminal justice system and their cooperation with the police, the scope of their discretionary powers, and their role in criminal proceedings, and to report thereon to future United Nations congresses, The Guidelines set forth below, which have been formulated to assist Member States in their tasks of securing and promoting the effectiveness, impartiality and fairness of prosecutors in criminal proceedings, should be respected and taken into account by Governments within the framework of their national legislation and practice, and should be brought to the attention of prosecutors, as well as other persons, such as judges, lawyers, members of the executive and the legislature and the public in general. The present Guidelines have been formulated principally with public prosecutors in mind, but they apply equally, as appropriate, to prosecutors appointed on an ad hoc basis.
......
 鉴于第七届联合国预防犯罪大会在其第7号决议中要求犯罪预防和控制委员会考虑是否需要制订有关以下各方面的准则:检察官的甄选、专业培训和地位,对他们的职责和行为的要求,使他们对刑事司法制度的顺利运作作出更大贡献和增进他们与警方的合作的手段,他们的酌处权的范围,以及他们在刑事诉讼程序中的作用,并就此向今后各届联合国预防犯罪大会提出报告,所制订的下列各项准则,其目的在于协助会员国确保和促进检察官在刑事诉讼程序中发挥有效、不偏不倚和公正无私的作用,各国政府在其国家立法和实践中应尊重并考虑到这些准则的规定,同时还应使检察官、法官、律师、行政和立法部门的成员以及一般公众注意到本准则。本准则制定时考虑的主要是公诉检察官,但它们同样可以酌情适用于特别任命的检察官。
......

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