| Agreement of the World Trade Organization on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | | 与贸易有关的知识产权协定[1]
（注[1]：协定是《建立世界贸易组织马拉卡什协定》（以下简称为“世界贸易组织协定”）的附该件1C。该协定签订于1994年4月15日，自1995年1月1日起生效。知识产权协议是世界贸易组织协定的组成部分，对于世界贸易组织的所有成员都有约束力（见世界贸易组织协定第二条第二款）。） |
Members, | |
各成员， |
Desiring to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade, and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights, and to ensure that measures and procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade; | |
希望减少国际贸易中的扭曲和阻碍，考虑到需要促进对知识产权的有效和充分保护，并需要保证知识产权执法的措施和程序本身不致成为合法贸易的障碍， |
Recognizing, to this end, the need for new rules and disciplines concerning: | |
承认，为达到此目的，需要制定新的有关下列内容的规则和纪律： |
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| (a) the applicability of the basic principles of GATT 1994 and of relevant international intellectual property agreements or conventions; | | （a）1994年关税与贸易总协定的基本原则和有关知识产权国际协定或公约的可适用性； |
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| (b) the provision of adequate standards and principles concerning the availability, scope and use of trade-related intellectual property rights; | | （b）制定与贸易有关的知识产权的提供利用、范围和使用的适当的标准和原则； |
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| (c) the provision of effective and appropriate means for the enforcement of trade-related intellectual property rights, taking into account differences in national legal systems; | | （c）考虑到各国[2]（注[2]：在世界贸易组织协定的末尾有一段说明：“在世界贸易组织的成员是单独关税区的情形，本协议和多边贸易协定中的用语前有修饰词national（国家的、国民的）时，除另有规定外，这种用语应理解为与该单独关税区相关。”这一段适用于与贸易有关知识产权协议，因为它是一多边贸易协议。）法律制度的差异，制订有效和适当的方法以执行与贸易有关的知识产权； |
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| (d) the provision of effective and expeditious procedures for the multilateral prevention and settlement of disputes between governments; and | | （d）制订有效和迅速的程序，以多边的方法防止和解决政府间的争端；和 |
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| (e) transitional arrangements aiming at the fullest participation in the results of the negotiations; Recognizing the need for a multilateral framework of principles, rules and disciplines dealing with international trade in counterfeit goods; | | （e）制订过渡安排，目的在于使谈判结果获得成员最广泛的接受；承认需要一个包含原则、规则和纪律的多边框架，以处理假冒货物的国际贸易； |
Recognizing that intellectual property rights are private rights; | |
承认知识产权是私权； |
Recognizing the underlying public policy objectives of national systems for the protection of intellectual property, including developmental and technological objectives; Recognizing also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in respect of maximum flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base; | |
承认各国作为保护知识产权制度基础的公共政策目标，包括发展和技术的目标；还承认最不发达国家[3]（注[3]：上注所说的说明中还说：“本协议和多边贸易协定中所用的country or countries（国家）二词应理解为包括世界贸易组织的单独关税区成员在内”。）成员在其境内实施法律和规章时，特别需要有最大限度的灵活性，以便使它们能创立健全和有活力的技术基础； |
Emphasizing the importance of reducing tensions by reaching strengthened commitments to resolve disputes on trade-related intellectual property issues through multilateral procedures; | |
强调通过多边程序达成强有力的承诺，解决与贸易有关的知识产权问题争端，以减少紧张局势的重要性； |
Desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between the WTO and the World Intellectual Property Organization (referred to in this Agreement as "WIPO") as well as other relevant international organizations; | |
希望在世界贸易组织和世界知识产权组织以及其他有关国际组织之间建立相互支持的关系： |
Hereby agree as follows: | |
兹协议如下： |
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| PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES | | 第一部分 总则和基本原则 |
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| Article 1 Nature and Scope of Obligations | | 第一条 义务的性质和范围 |
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| 1. Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice. | | 1．各成员应实施本协议的规定。各成员可以，但没有义务，在其法律中规定比本协议的要求更为广泛的保护，但以这种保护并不建反本协议的规定为限。各成员有自由在其法律制度和实践中确定实本协议规定的适当方法。 |
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| 2. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "intellectual property" refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II. | | 2．为本协议的目的。“知识产权”一词是指成为第二部分第一节至第七节的主题的所有各类知识产权。 |
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| 3. Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members.1 In respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the nationals of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions.2 Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in paragraph 3 of Article 5 or paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the "Council for TRIPS"). 1 When "nationals" are referred to in this Agreement, they shall be deemed, in the case of a separate customs territory Member of the WTO, to mean persons, natural or legal, who are domiciled or who have a real and effective industrial or commercial establishment in that customs territory.
2 In this Agreement, "Paris Convention" refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property; "Paris Convention (1967)" refers to the Stockholm Act of this Convention of 14 July 1967. "Berne Convention" refers to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; "Berne Convention (1971)" refers to the Paris Act of this Convention of 24 July 1971. "Rome Convention" refers to the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, adopted at Rome on 26 October 1961. "Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits" (IPIC Treaty) refers to the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, adopted at Washington on 26 May 1989. "WTO Agreement" refers to the Agreement Establishing the WTO. | | 3．各成员应将本协议规定的待遇给予其他成员的国民[4]（注[4]：本协议原注（1）：本协议提到“国民”时，在世界贸易组织的成员是单独关税区的情形，是指在该关税区内有住所或者有真实和有效的工商营业所的自然人或法人。）。就有关的知识产权而言，其他成员的国民应理解为符合巴黎公约（1967年）、伯尔尼公约（1971年）、罗马公约和关于集成电路的知识产权条约所规定的有资格享受保护的标准的自然人或法人，犹似世界贸易组织的所有成员均为各该公约[5]（注[5]：本协议原注（2）：在本协议中，“巴黎公约”是指保护工业产权巴黎公约；“巴黎公约（1967年）”是指该公约1967年7月14日的斯德哥尔摩文本。“伯尔尼公约”是指保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约；“伯尔尼公约（1971年）”是指该公约1971年7月24日的巴黎文本。“罗马公约”是指1961年10月26日在罗马通过的保护表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织国际公约。“关于集成电路知识产权条约”（IPIC条约）是指1989年5月26日在华盛顿通过的关于集成电路知识产权条约。“世界贸易组织协定”是指建立世界贸易组织的协定。）的成员一样。利用罗马公约第五条第三款或第六条第二款所规定的可能性的任何成员，应向与贸易有：关的知识产权理事会作出各该条款所规定的通知。 |
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| Article 2 Intellectual Property Conventions | | 第二条 知识产权公约 |
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| 1. In respect of Parts II, III and IV of this Agreement, Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 12, and Article 19, of the Paris Convention (1967). | | 1．就本协议第二、第三和第四部分而言，各成员应遵守巴黎公约（1967年）第一条至第十二条和第十九条的规定。 |
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| 2. Nothing in Parts I to IV of this Agreement shall derogate from existing obligations that Members may have to each other under the Paris Convention, the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits. | | 2．本协议第一至第四部分的任何规定均不应有损各成员之间现有的按照巴黎公约、伯尔尼公约、罗马公约和关于集成电路知识产权条约所相互承担的义务。 |
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| Article 3 National Treatment | | 第三条 国民待遇 |
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| 1. Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection(3) of intellectual property, subject to the exceptions already provided in, respectively, the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention or the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits. In respect of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations, this obligation only applies in respect of the rights provided under this Agreement. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Article 6 of the Berne Convention (1971) or paragraph 1(b) of Article 16 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for TRIPS. | | 1．在知识产权的保护[6]（注[6]：本协议原注（3）：就第三条和第四条而言，“保护”一词既包括影响本协议专门述及的知识产权的使用事项，也包括影响知识产权的提供利用种类、获得、范围、维持和执法的事项。）方面，除巴黎公约（1967年）、伯尔尼公约（1971年）、罗马公约或者关于集成电路知识产权条约已经规定的例外以外，每一成员给予其他成员国民的待遇不应比其给予本国国民的待遇较为不利。就表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织而言，这一义务只适用于本协议规定的权利。任何成员利用伯尔尼公约（1971年）[7]（注[7]：伯尔尼公约（1971年）第六条规定，缔约国可以对非缔约国国民的首次出版作品的保护加以限制。）第六条或者罗马公约第十六条第一款（b）项[8]（注[8]：罗马公约第十六条第一款（b）项规定，缔约国在加入公约时可以声明它不执行有关广播组织有权许可或禁止向公共场所的公众传播电视节目的条款。）的规定的，应向与贸易有关的知识产权理事会作出各该条款所规定的通知。 |
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| 2. Members may avail themselves of the exceptions permitted under paragraph 1 in relation to judicial and administrative procedures, including the designation of an address for service or the appointment of an agent within the jurisdiction of a Member, only where such exceptions are necessary to secure compliance with laws and regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement and where such practices are not applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on trade. | | 2．各成员可以利用本条第一款所允许的司法和行政程序方面的例外，包括在成员管辖范围以内指定送达文件的地址或者委派代理人，只要这些例外是为确保遵守与本协议不相抵触的法律和规章所必要，而且这些做法的实施方式对贸易不会构成变相的限制。 |
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| (3) For the purposes of Articles 3 and 4, "protection" shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as those matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically addressed in this Agreement. | | #
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| | 第四条 最惠国待遇 |
| Article 4 Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment | |
关于知识产权的保护，任何成员对任何其他国家的国民给予的任何利益、优惠、特权或者豁免，应立即无条件地给予所有其他成员的国民。任何成员按照下述情形给予的任何利益、优惠、特权或者豁免不受这个义务的限制； |
With regard to the protection of intellectual property, any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted by a Member to the nationals of any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the nationals of all other Members. Exempted from this obligation are any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity accorded by a Member: | |
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| | （a）根据司法协助或者一般性的法律实施的国际协定而得来，并且不是特别限于知识产权的保护的； |
| (a) deriving from international agreements on judicial assistance or law enforcement of a general nature and not particularly confined to the protection of intellectual property; | |
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| | （b）根据伯尔尼公约（1971年）或者罗马公约关于允许根据另一国给予的待遇而不是根据国民待遇原则给予待遇的规定给予的； |
| (b) granted in accordance with the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) or the Rome Convention authorizing that the treatment accorded be a function not of national treatment but of the treatment accorded in another country; | |
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| | （c）有关本协议未规定的表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的权利方面的； |
| (c) in respect of the rights of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations not provided under this Agreement; | |
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| | （d）根据世界贸易组织协定生效[9]（注[9]：世界贸易组织协定于1995年1月1日生效。）以前有关知识产权保护的国际协定而得来的，但是以这些协定已通知与贸易有关的知识产权理事会，并且对其他成员的国民并不构成任意的或者不正当的歧视为限。 |
| (d) deriving from international agreements related to the protection of intellectual property which entered into force prior to the entry into force of the WTO Agreement, provided that such agreements are notified to the Council for TRIPS and do not constitute an arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination against nationals of other Members. | |
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| | 第五条 关于获得或者维持保护的多边协定 |
| Article 5 Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection | |
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| | 第三条和第四条规定的义务不适用于在世界知识产权组织主持下缔结的有关获得或者维持知识产权多边协定中规定的程序。 |
| The obligations under Articles 3 and 4 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights. | |
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| | 第六条 权利用尽 |
| Article 6 Exhaustion | |
为了按照本协议解决争端的目的，在符合第三条和第四条的规定下，本协议的任何规定不得用于处理知识产权的用尽问题。 |
For the purposes of dispute settlement under this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 nothing in this Agreement shall be used to address the issue of the exhaustion of intellectual property rights. | |
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| | 第七条 目标 |
| Article 7 Objectives | |
知识产权的保护和执法应有助于促进技术革新以及技术的转让和传播，有助于使技术知识的创作者和使用者互相受益而且是以增进社会和经济福利的方式，以及有助于权利和义务的平衡。 |
The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations. | |
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| | 第八条 原则 |
| Article 8 Principles | |
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| | 1．各成员在制订或者修正其法律和规章时，可以采取必要措施，以保护公共卫生和营养，以及促进对其社会经济和技术发展至关重要的部门的公共利益，但以这些措施符合本协议的规定为限。 |
| 1. Members may, in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement. | |
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| | 2．为了防止权利持有人滥用知识产权，或者采用不合理地限制贸易或对技术的国际转让有不利影响的做法，可以采取适当的措施，但以这些措施符合本协议的规定为限。 |
| 2. Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology. | |
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| | 第二部分 关于知识产权的提供利用、范围和使用的标准 |
| PART II STANDARDS CONCERNING THE AVAILABILITY, SCOPE AND USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS | |
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| | 第一节 版权和有关权利 |
| SECTION 1: COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS | |
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| | 第九条 与伯尔尼公约的关系 |
| Article 9 Relation to the Berne Convention | |
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| | 1．各成员应遵守伯尔尼公约（1971年）第一条至第二十一条，和该公约的附录。但是就该公约第六条之二[10]（注[10]：伯尔尼公约（1971年）第六条之二规定作者对其作品享有精神权利。）授予的权利或由该条得来的权利而言，各成员按照本协议不享有权利，也不负担义务。 |
| 1. Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971) and the Appendix thereto. However, Members shall not have rights or obligations under this Agreement in respect of the rights conferred under Article 6bis of that Convention or of the rights derived therefrom. | |
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| | 2．版权的保护应及于表达，而不及于构思、程序、操作方法或者数学概念本身。 |
| 2. Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. | |
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| | 第十条 计算机程序和数据汇编 |
| Article 10 Computer Programs and Compilations of Data | |
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| | 1．计算机程序，不论是以源代码还是以目标代码表达，应按伯尔尼公约（1971年）作为文字作品予以保护。 |
| 1. Computer programs, whether in source or object code, shall be protected as literary works under the Berne Convention (1971). | |
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| | 2．数据汇编或者其他资料汇编，不论是用机器可读形式或者其他形式，由于对其内容的选择或者安排而构成智力创作，应予以保护。这种保护不及于数据或者资料本身，不应损害存在于数据或者资料本身的版权。 |
| 2. Compilations of data or other material, whether in machine readable or other form, which by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be protected as such. Such protection, which shall not extend to the data or material itself, shall be without prejudice to any copyright subsisting in the data or material itself. | |
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| | 第十一条 出租权 |
| Article 11 Rental Rights | |
至少就计算机程序和电影作品而言，成员应授予作者及其权利继受人以许可或者禁止将其享有版权作品的原件或者复制品向公众商业性出租的权利。对于电影作品，除非这种出租已经导致这种作品的广泛复制，重大地损害了该成员授予作者及其权利继受人的复制专有权，成员应免除这一义务。对于计算机程序，如果程序本身不是出租的主要客体，这一义务并不适用于该出租。 |
In respect of at least computer programs and cinematographic works, a Member shall provide authors and their successors in title the right to authorize or to prohibit the commercial rental to the public of originals or copies of their copyright works. A Member shall be excepted from this obligation in respect of cinematographic works unless such rental has led to widespread copying of such works which is materially impairing the exclusive right of reproduction conferred in that Member on authors and their successors in title. In respect of computer programs, this obligation does not apply to rentals where the program itself is not the essential object of the rental. | |
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| | 第十二条 保护期间 |
| Article 12 Term of Protection | |
除摄影作品或者实用艺术作品外，如果作品的保护期间不是以自然人的一生作为计算的基础，则该期间自授权出版的历年年终起不得少于50年，或者，如果自作品完成起50年内没有授权出版，则自作品完成之年年终起不得少于50年。 |
Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art, is calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person, such term shall be no less than 50 years from the end of the calendar year of authorized publication, or, failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the making of the work, 50 years from the end of the calendar year of making. | |
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| | 第十三条 限制和例外 |
| Article 13 Limitations and Exceptions | |
各成员应将各种专有权的限制或例外局限于某些特殊情形，而这些情形是与作品的正常利用不相冲突，并且不会不合理地损害权利持有人的合法利益的。 |
Members shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder. | |
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| | 第十四条 表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的保护 |
| Article 14 Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and Broadcasting Organizations | |
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| | 1．就将其表演固定于录音制品而言，表演者应有可能制止未经其许可而为下列行为：对其未曾固定过的表演加以固定和复制这种固定品。表演者还应有可能制止未经其许可而为下列行为：将其现场表演以无线方法广播和向公众传播。 |
| 1. In respect of a fixation of their performance on a phonogram, performers shall have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the fixation of their unfixed performance and the reproduction of such fixation. Performers shall also have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the broadcasting by wireless means and the communication to the public of their live performance. | |
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| | 2．录音制品制作者应享有许可或禁止直接或间接复制其录音制品的权利。 |
| 2. Producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms. | |
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| | 3．广播组织应有权禁止未经其许可而为下列行为：将广播予以固定、复制固定品、以无线方法转播广播以及将广播组织的电视广播向公众传播。如果成员未将这些权利授予广播组织，则应在符合伯尔尼公约（1971年）的规定下，对广播内容的版权所有人提供制止上述行为的可能性。 |
| 3. Broadcasting organizations shall have the right to prohibit the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the fixation, the reproduction of fixations, and the rebroadcasting by wireless means of broadcasts, as well as the communication to the public of television broadcasts of the same. Where Members do not grant such rights to broadcasting organizations, they shall provide owners of copyright in the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts, subject to the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971). | |
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| | 4．第十一条 关于计算机程序的规定应比照适用于录音制品制作者和成员的法律所确定的录音制品的任何其他权利持有人。如果在1994年4月15日，成员在录音制品的出租方面已经实施对权利持有人给予公平报酬的制度，则可以维持这种制度，但以录音制品的商业性出租对权利持有人的复制专有权并未造成重大的损害为限。 |
| 4. The provisions of Article 11 in respect of computer programs shall apply mutatis mutandis to producers of phonograms and any other right holders in phonograms as determined in a Member's law. If on 15 April 1994 a Member has in force a system of equitable remuneration of right holders in respect of the rental of phonograms, it may maintain such system provided that the commercial rental of phonograms is not giving rise to the material impairment of the exclusive rights of reproduction of right holders. | |
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| | 5．表演者和录音制品制作者按照本协议所享有的保护期间，至少应保持至50年期间之末，自固定品制作或表演举行的历年年终起计算。按照本条第三款给予的保护期间，自广播播出的历年年终起至少应保持20年。 |
| 5. The term of the protection available under this Agreement to performers and producers of phonograms shall last at least until the end of a period of 50 years computed from the end of the calendar year in which the fixation was made or the performance took place. The term of protection granted pursuant to paragraph 3 shall last for at least 20 years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast took place. | |
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| | 6．任何成员在罗马公约允许的限度内，可以对本条第一款、第二款和第三款授予的权利规定条件、限制、例外和保留。但是，伯尔尼公约（1971年）第十八条[11]（注[11]：伯尔尼公约（1971年）第十八条规定公约的追溯效力。）的规定也应比照适用于表演者和录音制品制作者就录音制品所享有的权利。 |
| 6. Any Member may, in relation to the rights conferred under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, provide for conditions, limitations, exceptions and reservations to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention. However, the provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention (1971) shall also apply, mutatis mutandis, to the rights of performers and producers of phonograms in phonograms. | |
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| | 第二节 商标 |
| SECTION 2: TRADEMARKS | |
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| | 第十五条 可保护的客体 |
| Article 15 Protectable Subject Matter | |
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| | 1．任何标记或标记的组合能将一企业的商品或服务从其他企业的商品或服务中区别开来的，均能构成商标。这些标记，尤其是文字（包括人名）、字母、数字、图形要素、和色彩的组合，以及这些标记的任何组合，均适合于作为商标予以注册。如果标记缺乏区别有关商品或服务的固有能力，各成员可以将可否注册取决于通过使用所获得的显著性。各成员可以要求将视觉可感知的标记作为注册的条件。 |
| 1. Any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings, shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Such signs, in particular words including personal names, letters, numerals, figurative elements and combinations of colours as well as any combination of such signs, shall be eligible for registration as trademarks. Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services, Members may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use. Members may require, as a condition of registration, that signs be visually perceptible. | |
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| | 2．对本条第一款不应理解为阻止成员依据其他理由拒绝商标的注册，但以这些理由并未背离巴黎公约（1967年）的规定为限。 |
| 2. Paragraph 1 shall not be understood to prevent a Member from denying registration of a trademark on other grounds, provided that they do not derogate from the provisions of the Paris Convention (1967). | |
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| | 3．各成员可以将可否注册取决于使用。然而，商标的实际使用不应作为提交注册申请的条件。一项申请不应仅仅由于意图的使用在申请日起三年期间届满以前没有实现而予以拒绝。 |
| 3. Members may make registrability depend on use. However, actual use of a trademark shall not be a condition for filing an application for registration. An application shall not be refused solely on the ground that intended use has not taken place before the expiry of a period of three years from the date of application. | |
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| | 4．预期使用商标的商品或服务的性质，在任何情形下均不应成为商标注册的障碍。 |
| 4. The nature of the goods or services to which a trademark is to be applied shall in no case form an obstacle to registration of the trademark. | |
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| | 5．各成员应在商标注册以前或者在注册后迅速将每一商标公布，并应提供请求取消注册的合理机会。此外，各成员可以提供对商标的注册提出异议的机会。 |
| 5. Members shall publish each trademark either before it is registered or promptly after it is registered and shall afford a reasonable opportunity for petitions to cancel the registration. In addition, Members may afford an opportunity for the registration of a trademark to be opposed. | |
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| | 第十六条 授予的权利 |
| Article 16 Rights Conferred | |
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| | 1．注册商标的所有人应享有专有权，以制止所有第三方未得所有人同意而在贸易中将与注册商标相同或近似的标记使用于与该商标所注册的商品或服务相同或类似的商品或服务，而这种使用大概有造成混淆的可能。在使用相同的标记于相同的商品或服务的情形，应即推走有混淆的可能。上述权利不应损害任何现有的在先权利，也不应影响各成员在使用的基础上授予权利的可能性。 |
| 1. The owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner's consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described above shall not prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall they affect the possibility of Members making rights available on the basis of use. | |
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| | 2．巴黎公约（1967年）第六条之二[12]（注[12]：巴黎公约（1967年）第六条之二规定对驰名商标的保护。）应比照适用于服务。在确定一项商标是否驰名时，各成员应考虑有关部门公众对该商标的知晓程度，包括该商标因宣传结果而在有关成员为公众所知晓的程度。 |
| 2. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to services. In determining whether a trademark is well-known, Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public, including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark. | |
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| | 3．巴黎公约（1967年）第六条之二应比照适用于与商标注册的商品或服务不相类似的商品或服务，但是以该商标使用于各该商品或服务大概会表明各该商品或服务与该注册商标所有人之间存在联系，而且以注册商标所有人的利益可能因这种使用而受到损害为限。 |
| 3. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services which are not similar to those in respect of which a trademark is registered, provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or services and the owner of the registered trademark and provided that the interests of the owner of the registered trademark are likely to be damaged by such use. | |
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| | 第十七条 例外 |
| Article 17 Exceptions | |
各成员对商标所授予的权利可以规定有限的例外，诸如说明性词语的合理使用，但是以这些例外考虑了商标所有人和第三方的合法利益为限。 |
Members may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties. | |
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| | 第十八条 保护期间 |
| Article 18 Term of Protection | |
商标的首次注册和注册的每一次续展的期间不应少于7年。商标注册可以无限期地续展。 |
Initial registration, and each renewal of registration, of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than seven years. The registration of a trademark shall be renewable indefinitely. | |
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| | 第十九条 使用的要求 |
| Article 19 Requirement of Use | |
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| | 1．如果使用是维持注册所必要的，只有在至少连续三年不使用以后，商标所有人又未表明以存在着妨碍使用的情况为根据的有效理由，才可以取消其注册。与商标所有人的意志无关而构成妨碍商标使用的情况，诸如对商标所保护的商品或服务施加的进口限制或政府的其他要求，应承认为不使用的有效理由。 |
| 1. If use is required to maintain a registration, the registration may be cancelled only after an uninterrupted period of at least three years of non-use, unless valid reasons based on the existence of obstacles to such use are shown by the trademark owner. Circumstances arising independently of the will of the owner of the trademark which constitute an obstacle to the use of the trademark, such as import restrictions on or other government requirements for goods or services protected by the trademark, shall be recognized as valid reasons for non-use. | |
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| | 2．为维持商标注册的目的，他人在商标所有人的控制下使用商标，应承认为商标的使用。 |
| 2. When subject to the control of its owner, use of a trademark by another person shall be recognized as use of the trademark for the purpose of maintaining the registration. | |
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| | 第二十条 其他的要求 |
| Article 20 Other Requirements | |
商标在贸易中使用时不应受到一些不合理的特殊要求的拖累，诸如与其他商标一起使用，以特殊形式使用，或者使用的方式有损其将一企业的商品或服务从其他企业的商品或服务中区别开来的功能。但这一规定并不排除这样的要求，即规定在使用商标以辨别生产商品或服务的企业时，要求一起使用（但与该商标没有联系）另一商标以区别该企业有关的特定商品或服务。 |
The use of a trademark in the course of trade shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special requirements, such as use with another trademark, use in a special form or use in a manner detrimental to its capability to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. This will not preclude a requirement prescribing the use of the trademark identifying the undertaking producing the goods or services along with, but without linking it to, the trademark distinguishing the specific goods or services in question of that undertaking. | |
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| | 第二十一条 授予许可和转让 |
| Article 21 Licensing and Assignment | |
各成员可以确定商标授予许可和转让的条件，但是，已经得到理解，商标的强制许可是不允许的，并且注册商标所有人有权将商标连同或不连同商标所属的企业一起转让。 |
Members may determine conditions on the licensing and assignment of trademarks, it being understood that the compulsory licensing of trademarks shall not be permitted and that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the right to assign the trademark with or without the transfer of the business to which the trademark belongs. | |
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| | 第三节 地理标志 |
| SECTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS | |
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| | 第二十二条 地理标志的保护 |
| Article 22 Protection of Geographical Indications | |
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| | 1．为本协议的目的，地理标志是指表明一种商品来源于某一成员的领土内、或者该领土内的一个地区或地方的标志，而且该商品的特定品质、声誉或其他特征主要是由于其地理来源所致。 |
| 1. Geographical indications are, for the purposes of this Agreement, indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin. | |
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| | 2．在地理标志方面，各成员应当为有利害关系的各方提供法律手段以制止下列行为： |
| 2. In respect of geographical indications, Members shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent: | |
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| | （a）在商品的名称或外表上使用任何方法，以明示或暗示有关商品来源于真实原产地以外的一个地理区域，在某种意义上对商品的地理来源误导公众； |
| (a) the use of any means in the designation or presentation of a good that indicates or suggests that the good in question originates in a geographical area other than the true place of origin in a manner which misleads the public as to the geographical origin of the good; | |
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| | （b）构成巴黎公约（1967年）第十条之二[13]（注[13]：巴黎公约（1967年）第十条之二规定缔约国应制止不正当竞争，并规定了不正当竞争的定义。）所称的不正当竞争行为的任何使用。 |
| (b) any use which constitutes an act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967). | |
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| | 3．如果一项商标含有商品的地理标志，或由商品的地理标志组成，而该商品并非来源于该标志所表明的领土，而且如果在该成员内这种商品的商标中使用这种标志具有对其真实原产地误导公众的性质，则该成员如其法律允许应依职权，或者依利害关系方的请求，拒绝该商标的注册或者使该注册无效。 |
| 3. A Member shall, ex officio if its legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party, refuse or invalidate the registration of a trademark which contains or consists of a geographical indication with respect to goods not originating in the territory indicated, if use of the indication in the trademark for such goods in that Member is of such a nature as to mislead the public as to the true place of origin. | |
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| | 4．按照本条第一款、第二款和第三款的保护应适用于这样的地理标志，即虽然在字面上真实地表明商品来源的领土、地区或地方，但是却向公众虚假地表明该商品来源于另一领土的地理标志。 |
| 4. The protection under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall be applicable against a geographical indication which, although literally true as to the territory, region or locality in which the goods originate, falsely represents to the public that the goods originate in another territory. | |
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| | 第二十三条 对葡萄酒和烈酒地理标志的附加保护 |
| Article 23 Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits | |
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| | 1．每一成员应当为有利害关系的各方提供法律手段，以制止将识别葡萄酒的地理标志用于标示不是来源于该地理标志所指明的地方的葡萄酒，或者将识别烈酒的地理标志用于标示不是来源于该地理标志所指明的地方的烈酒，即使标示了商品的真实来源地，或者该地理标志使用的是翻译文字，或者伴有诸如“类”、“式”、“仿”或类似的表述，也相同[14]（注[14]：本协议原注（4）：尽管有第四十二条第一句的规定，就这些义务而言，各成员仍可依行政行为执法。）。 |
| 1. Each Member shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent use of a geographical indication identifying wines for wines not originating in the place indicated by the geographical indication in question or identifying spirits for spirits not originating in the place indicated by the geographical indication in question, even where the true origin of the goods is indicated or the geographical indication is used in translation or accompanied by expressions such as "kind", "type", "style", "imitation" or the like.4 | |
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| 4 Notwithstanding the first sentence of Article 42, Members may, with respect to these obligations, instead provide for enforcement by administrative action. | | 2．任何成员如其法律允许应依职权，或者依利害关系方的请求，对包含或组合有识别葡萄酒的地理标志的葡萄酒商标的注册，或者对包含或组合有识别烈酒的地理标志的烈酒商标的注册，如果该葡萄酒或烈酒并非来源于该地，应予以拒绝或使其注册无效。 |
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| 2. The registration of a trademark for wines which contains or consists of a geographical indication identifying wines or for spirits which contains or consists of a geographical indication identifying spirits shall be refused or invalidated, ex officio if a Member's legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party, with respect to such wines or spirits not having this origin. | | 3．在葡萄酒的多个同音或同形的地理标志的情形，在符合第二十二条第四款的规定下，应对每一个标志给予保护。每一成员应在考虑需要确保对各有关生产者给予公平待遇，并考虑使消费者不致受到误导以后，确定实际可行的条件，以便各该同音或同形的标志能够相互区别。 |
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| 3. In the case of homonymous geographical indications for wines, protection shall be accorded to each indication, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22. Each Member shall determine the practical conditions under which the homonymous indications in question will be differentiated from each other, taking into account the need to ensure equitable treatment of the producers concerned and that consumers are not misled. | | 4．为了便利对葡萄酒地理标志的保护，与贸易有关的知识产权理事会应就建立多边的葡萄酒地理标志的通知和注册制度举行谈判，使在参加该制度的成员中有资格获得保护的葡萄酒地理标志得到保护。 |
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| 4. In order to facilitate the protection of geographical indications for wines, negotiations shall be undertaken in the Council for TRIPS concerning the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and registration of geographical indications for wines eligible for protection in those Members participating in the system. | | 第二十四条 国际谈判；例外 |
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| Article 24 International Negotiations; Exceptions | | 1．各成员同意进行谈判，以便加强按照第二十三条对各个地理标志给予的保护。任何成员不应援用下述第四款至第八款的规定拒绝进行谈判，或者拒绝签订双边或多边的协议。在这些谈判中，各成员将愿意考虑这几款规定是否继续适用于各个地理标志，因为各个地理标志的使用曾经是这些谈判的议题。 |
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| 1. Members agree to enter into negotiations aimed at increasing the protection of individual geographical indications under Article 23. The provisions of paragraphs 4 through 8 below shall not be used by a Member to refuse to conduct negotiations or to conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the context of such negotiations, Members shall be willing to consider the continued applicability of these provisions to individual geographical indications whose use was the subject of such negotiations. | | 2．与贸易有关的知识产权理事会应继续对本节各规定的适用进行复审；第一次复审应在世界贸易组织协定生效后两年内举行。凡是影响履行这些规定所产生的义务的任何事项均可提请理事会注意。如果有关成员之间对此类事项通过双边或诸边协商未能找到令人满意的解决办法，理事会应根据成员的请求，就该事项与任何一个或几个成员进行协商。理事会应采取各方同意的行动，以便利本节规定的实施和促进本节的目标。 |
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| 2. The Council for TRIPS shall keep under review the application of the provisions of this Section; the first such review shall take place within two years of the entry into force of the WTO Agreement. Any matter affecting the compliance with the obligations under these provisions may be drawn to the attention of the Council, which, at the request of a Member, shall consult with any Member or Members in respect of such matter in respect of which it has not been possible to find a satisfactory solution through bilateral or plurilateral consultations between the Members concerned. The Council shall take such action as may be agreed to facilitate the operation and further the objectives of this Section. | | 3．任何成员在实施本节规定时，不应减少该成员在临近世界贸易组织协定生效之日对地理标志已有的保护。 |
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| 3. In implementing this Section, a Member shall not diminish the protection of geographical indications that existed in that Member immediately prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement. | | 4．本节的任何规定并不要求任何成员制止其任何国民或居民在商品或服务上继续以类似方式使用另一成员用以识别葡萄酒或烈酒的某一地理标志，如果该国民或居民在该成员的领土内，在该相同或有关的商品或服务上以连续的方式使用该地理标志（a）在1994年4月15日以前至少已有10年，或者（b）在该日期以前的使用是善意的。 |
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| 4. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to prevent continued and similar use of a particular geographical indication of another Member identifying wines or spirits in connection with goods or services by any of its nationals or domiciliaries who have used that geographical indication in a continuous manner with regard to the same or related goods or services in the territory of that Member either (a) for at least 10 years preceding 15 April 1994 or (b) in good faith preceding that date. | | 5．如果 |
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| 5. Where a trademark has been applied for or registered in good faith, or where rights to a trademark have been acquired through use in good faith either: | | （a）在任何成员按第六部分规定适用这些规定的日期以前：或者 |
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| (a) before the date of application of these provisions in that Member as defined in Part VI; or | | （b）在地理标志在其来源国获得保护以前，一商标已经善意地申请或获得注册，或者获得一商标的权利已经通过善意使用而获得，则实施本节规定的措施不应根据该商标与一地理标志相同或类似，而损害其取得商标注册的资格或商标注册的有效性，或者损害使用商标的权利。 |
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| (b) before the geographical indication is protected in its country of origin; measures adopted to implement this Section shall not prejudice eligibility for or the validity of the registration of a trademark, or the right to use a trademark, on the basis that such a trademark is identical with, or similar to, a geographical indication. | | 6．如果其他成员适用于商品或服务的地理标志与任何成员在其领土内以普通语言中惯用的词语作为该商品或服务的普通名称相同，则本节的任何规定并不要求该成员将本节规定适用于其他成员的这种地理标志。如果在世界贸易组织协定生效之日，其他成员的葡萄产品的地理标志与任何成员在其领土内存在的一种葡萄品种的惯用名称相同，本节的任何规定也不要求该成员将本节规定适用于其他成员的这种地理标志。 |
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6. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its provisions in respect of a geographical indication of any other Member with respect to goods or services for which the relevant indication is identical with the term customary in common language as the common name for such goods or services in the territory of that Member. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its provisions in respect of a geographical indication of any other Member with respect to products of the vine for which the relevant indication is identical with the customary name of a grape variety existing in the territory of that Member as of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
．．．．．． | | 7．任何成员可以规定，按照本节提出的与商标的使用或注册有关的任何请求，必须在不利于受保护的地理标志的使用在该成员内为公众所知以后5年内提出，或者，如果商标在该成员的注册日期早于上述不利的使用在该成员内为公众所知的日期，并且该商标到其注册时已经公布，则必须在商标在该成员注册日期以后5年内提出，但是以该地理标志没有被恶意地使用或注册为限。
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