| Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage | |
保护世界文化和自然遗产公约 |
(Adopted in Paris on November 26, 1972) | |
（１９７２年１１月２６日在巴黎通过） |
The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization, meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November
1972, at its seventeenth session, | |
联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会于１９７２年１０月１７日至１１月２１日在巴黎举行的第十七届会议， |
Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction, | |
注意到文化遗产和自然遗产越来越受到破坏的威胁，一方面因年久腐变所致，同时，变化中的社会和经济条件使情况恶化，造成更加难以对付的损害或破坏现象。 |
Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world, | |
考虑到任何文化或自然遗产的坏变或消失都构成使世界各国遗产枯竭的有害影响， |
Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated, | |
考虑到国家一级保护这类遗产的工作往往不很完善，原因在于这项工作需要大量手段，以及应予保护的财产的所在国不具备充足的经济、科学和技术力量， |
Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge, by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions, | |
回顾本组织《组织法》规定，本组织将通过确保世界遗产得到保存和保护以及建议有关国家订立必要的国际公约来维护、增进和传播知识， |
Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong, | |
考虑到现有关于文化财产和自然财产的国际公约、建议和决议表明，保护不论属于哪国人民的这类罕见且无法替代的财产，对全世界人民都很重要， |
Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole, | |
考虑到某些文化遗产和自然遗产具有突出的重要性，因而需作为全人类世界遗产的一部分加以保存， |
Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto, | |
考虑到鉴于威胁这类遗产的新危险的规模和严重性，整个国际社会有责任通过提供集体性援助来参与保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产；这种援助尽管不能代替有关国家采取的行动，但将成为它的有效补充， |
Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods, | |
考虑到为此有必要通过采用公约形式的新规定，以便为集体保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产建立一个依据现代科学方法组织的永久性的有效制度， |
Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention, | |
在大会第十六届会议上曾决定就此问题制订一项国际公约， |
Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention. | |
于１９７２年１１月１６日通过本公约。 |
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| I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE | | 一、文化遗产和自然遗产的定义 |
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| Article 1 | | 第一条 |
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage": | |
为实现本公约的宗旨，下列各项应列为“文化遗产”： |
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; | |
古迹：从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕、碑画、具有考古性质的成份或构造物、铭文、窟洞以及景观的联合体； |
groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; | |
建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单位或连接的建筑群； |
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view. | |
遗址：从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人的联合工程以及包括有考古地址的区域。 |
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| Article 2 | | 第二条 |
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage": | |
为实现本公约的宗旨，下列各项应列为“自然遗产”： |
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view; | |
从审美或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的由物质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然景观； |
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation; | |
从科学或保护角度看具有突出的普遍价值的地质和地文结构以及明确划为受到威胁的动物和植物生境区； |
natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty. | |
从科学、保存或自然美角度看具有突出的普遍价值的天然名胜或明确划分的自然区域。 |
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| Article 3 | | 第三条 |
It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 above. | |
本公约缔约国均可自行确定和划分上面第一条和第二条中提及的、本国领土内的各种不同的财产。 |
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| II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE | | 二、文化遗产和自然遗产的国家保护和国际保护 |
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| Article 4 | | 第四条 |
Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain. | |
本公约缔约国承认，保证第一条和第二条中提及的、本国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产的确定、保护、保存、展出和传与后代，主要是有关国家的责任。该国将为此目的竭尽全力，最大限度地利用本国资源，适当时利用所能获得的国际援助和合作，特别是财政、艺术、科学及技术方面的援助和合作。 |
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| Article 5 | | 第五条 |
To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country: | |
为确保本公约各缔约国为保护、保存和展出本国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产积极采取有效的措施，本公约各缔约国应视本国具体情况尽力做到以下几点： |
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| 1. to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes; | | １．通过一项旨在使文化遗产和自然遗产在社会生活中起一定作用，并把遗产保护工作纳入全面规划纲要的总政策； |
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| 2. to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more services for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their functions; | | ２．如本国内尚未建立负责文化遗产和自然遗产的保护、保存和展出的机构，则建立一个或几个此类机构，配备适当的工作人员和为履行其职能所需的手段； |
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| 3. to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out such operating methods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural or natural heritage; | | ３．发展科学和技术研究，并制订出能够抵抗威胁本国文化或自然遗产的危险的实际方法； |
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| 4. to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage; and | | ４．采取为确定、保护、保存、展出和恢复这类遗产所需的适当的法律、科学、技术、行政和财政措施； |
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| 5. to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centres for training in the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to encourage scientific research in this field. | | ５．促进建立或发展有关保护、保存和展出文化遗产和自然遗产的国家或地区培训中心，并鼓励这方面的科学研究。 |
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| Article 6 | | 第六条 |
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| 1. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose territory the cultural and natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate. | | （一）本公约缔约国，在充分尊重第一条和第二条中提及的文化遗产和自然遗产的所在国的主权，并不使国家立法规定的财产权受到损害的同时，承认这类遗产是世界遗产的一部分，因此，整个国际社会有责任进行合作，予以保护。 |
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| 2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, to give their help in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the States on whose territory it is situated so request. | | （二）缔约国同意，按照本公约的规定，应有关国家的要求帮助该国确定、保护、保存和展出第十一条第（二）和第（四）款中提及的文化遗产和自然遗产。 |
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| 3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention. | | （三）本公约缔约国同意不故意采取任何可能直接或间接损害第一条和第二条中提及的位于本公约其他缔约国领土内的文化遗产和自然遗产的措施。 |
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| Article 7 | | 第七条 |
For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage. | |
为实现本公约的宗旨，世界文化遗产和自然遗产的国际保护应被理解为建立一个旨在支持本公约缔约国保存和确定这类遗产的努力的国际合作和援助系统。 |
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| III. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURALHERITAGE | | 三、保护世界文化遗产和自然遗产政府间委员会 |
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| Article 8 | | 第八条 |
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| 1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into force of this Convention for at least 40 States. | | （一）在联合国教育、科学及文化组织内，现建立一个保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化遗产和自然遗产的政府间委员会，称为“世界遗产委员会”。委员会由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间召集的本公约缔约国大会选出的１５个缔约国组成。委员会成员国的数目将自本公约至少在４０个缔约国生效后的大会常会之日起增至２１个。 |
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| 2. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable representation of the different regions and cultures of the world. | | （二）委员会委员的选举须保证均衡地代表世界的不同地区和不同文化。 |
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| 3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), a representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity. | | （三）国际文物保存与修复研究中心（罗马中心）的一名代表、国际古迹遗址理事会的一名代表、以及国际自然及自然资源保护联盟的一名代表，可以咨询者身份出席委员会的会议。此外，应联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间参加大会的本公约缔约国提出的要求，其他具有类似目标的政府间或非政府组织的代表亦可以咨询者身份出席委员会的会议。 |
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| Article 9 | | 第九条 |
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| 1. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee shall extend from the end of the ordinary session of the General Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary session. | | （一）世界遗产委员会成员国的任期自当选之应届大会常会结束时起至应届大会后第三次常会闭幕时止。 |
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| 2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time of the first election shall, however, cease at the end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the first election. | | （二）但是，第一次选举时指定的委员中，有１／３的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第一次常会闭幕时截止；同时指定的委员中，另有１／３的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第二次常会闭幕时截止。这些委员由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会主席在第一次选举后抽签决定。 |
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| 3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives persons qualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage. | | （三）委员会成员国应选派在文化或自然遗产方面有资历的人员担任代表。 |
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| Article 10 | | 第十条 |
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| 1. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure. | | （一）世界遗产委员会应通过其议事规则。 |
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| 2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations or individuals to participate in its meetings for consultation on particular problems. | | （二）委员会可随时邀请公共或私立组织或个人参加其会议，以就具体问题进行磋商。 |
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| 3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. | | （三）委员会可设立它认为为履行其职能所需的咨询机构。 |
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| Article 11 | | 第十一条 |
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| 1. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible, submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location of the property in question and its significance. | | （一）本公约各缔约国应尽力向世界遗产委员会递交一份关于本国领土内适于列入本条第（二）款所述《世界遗产目录》的组成文化遗产和自然遗产的财产的清单。这份清单不应当看作是详尽无遗的。清单应包括有关财产的所有地及其意义的文。 |
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2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance with paragraph 1, the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be distributed at least every two years.
．．．．．． | | （二）根据缔约国按照第（一）款规定递交的清单，委员会应制订、更新和出版一份《世界遗产目录》，其中所列的均匀为本公约第一条和第二条确定的文化遗产和自然遗产的组成部分，也是委员会按照自己制订的标准认为是具有突出的普遍价值的财产。一份最新目录应至少每两年分发一次。
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