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Seed Law of the People's Republic of China (2004 Amendment) [Revised]
中华人民共和国种子法(2004修正) [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

 
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China (Order No. 34) 

中华人民共和国种子法


The Seed Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 16th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on July 8, 2000, is now promulgated and shall go into effect as of December 1, 2000.
 
(2000年7月8日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议通过 根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国种子法〉的决定》修正)


Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China
 


July 8, 2000
 


Seed Law of the People's Republic of China
 


(Adopted at the 16th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on July 8, 2000; Revised at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 28, 2004 )
 


 
Contents 目录


 
Chapter 1 General Provisions 第一章 总则

 
Chapter 2 The Protection of Seed Resources  第二章 种质资源保护

 
Chapter 3 The Selection, Cultivation, Examination and Approval of Seed 第三章 品种选育与审定

 
Chapter 4 The Production of Seed 第四章 种子生产

 
Chapter 5 The Business Operation of Seed 第五章 种子经营

 
Chapter 6 The Usage of Seed  第六章 种子使用

 
Chapter 7 The Quality of Seed 第七章 种子质量

 
Chapter 8 The Import, Export of and Foreign Cooperation on Seed  第八章 种子进出口和对外合作

 
Chapter 9 The Administrative Management of Seed 第九章 种子行政管理

 
Chapter 10 Legal Liabilities 第十章 法律责任

 
Chapter 11 Supplementary Provisions 第十一章 附则

 

Chapter 1 General Provisions 第一章 总则


 
Article 1 The goals of enacting the law are to make reasonable use of seed resources; control the selection, production, business operation and use of seed; protect the legal rights of the producers, business operators and users of seed; promote seed quality; drive the industrialization process of seed; and accelerate the development of the planting and forestry industries.   第一条 为了保护和合理利用种质资源,规范品种选育和种子生产、经营、使用行为,维护品种选育者和种子生产者、经营者、使用者的合法权益,提高种子质量水平,推动种子产业化,促进种植业和林业的发展,制定本法。

 
Article 2 This law applies to the breeding, selection, production, business operation, usage, management of seed and other activities in China. The term "seed" in this Law means the materials of crops and forest trees used for planting or propagation, including seed grains, fruits, roots, stems, seedlings, buds, leaves, etc.   第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事品种选育和种子生产、经营、使用、管理等活动,适用本法。本法所称种子,是指农作物和林木的种植材料或者繁殖材料,包括籽粒、果实和根、茎、苗、芽、叶等。

 
Article 3 The Agriculture Department and Forestry Department under the State Council are respectively in charge of the work of crop seed and forest tree seed in China. The local crop administrative department and forestry administrative department above the county level should respectively take charge of the work of crop seed and forest tree seed within the administrative region.   第三条 国务院农业、林业行政主管部门分别主管全国农作物种子和林木种子工作;县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门分别主管本行政区域内农作物种子和林木种子工作。

 
Article 4 The state supports the protection of seed resources, the breeding, production, rebirth and popularization of quality seeds. The state encourages the combination of seed breeding and seed production, and both encourages and rewards persons and entities that have good performance in the work of seed resource protection, quality seed selection, breeding, popularization, etc.   第四条 国家扶持种质资源保护工作和选育、生产、更新、推广使用良种,鼓励品种选育和种子生产、经营相结合,奖励在种质资源保护工作和良种选育、推广等工作中成绩显著的单位和个人。

 
Article 5 The people's government above the county level should make development plans according to the guidelines of Making Use of Science and Education to Improve Agriculture and to the requirements for the development of the planting and forestry industries, and should adopt some methods of finance, credit and revenue to ensure the implementation of the plans.   第五条 县级以上人民政府应当根据科教兴农方针和种植业、林业发展的需要制定种子发展规划,并按照国家有关规定在财政、信贷和税收等方面采取措施保证规划的实施。

 
Article 6 Special funds shall be dispersed by the State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the the State Council to support the selection, breeding and popularization of quality seed, should set up.The State Council shall provide detailed measures.   第六条 国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府设立专项资金,用于扶持良种选育和推广。具体办法由国务院规定。

 
Article 7 National The State should establish a reserve seed system to meet the demand of production in case of calamities and to ensure the safety of agricultural production. The reserve seed shall be checked and replaced on regular basis. The State Council shall provide detailed measures for the seed reserves.   第七条 国家建立种子贮备制度,主要用于发生灾害时的生产需要,保障农业生产安全。对贮备的种子应当定期检验和更新。种子贮备的具体办法由国务院规定。

 

Chapter 2 The Protection of Seed Resources 第二章 种质资源保护


 
Article 8 The State by law protects seed resources. No individual or entity may usurp on or destroy the seed resources. Wild seed resources are also subject to the special protection of the State and shall be prohibited from collection or felling. In special cases such as scientific research where it is necessary to collect or fell, the collection or felling shall be subject to the approval of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the State Council or the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the State Council.   第八条 国家依法保护种质资源,任何单位和个人不得侵占和破坏种质资源。

 
禁止采集或者采伐国家重点保护的天然种质资源。因科研等特殊情况需要采集或者采伐的,应当经国务院或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的农业、林业行政主管部门批准。

 
Article 9 The State collects, sorts out, appraises, records, conserves, exchanges and uses seed resources in a planned way, and regularly releases the catalog of available seed resources. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council shall provide detailed measures for the above listed activities. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should establish a state seed resources database, and the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the people's governments of the provinces, municipalities and cities directly under the State Council may, where necessary, establish seed resources databases, protection zones or seed resources protection areas according to requirements.   第九条 国家有计划地收集、整理、鉴定、登记、保存、交流和利用种质资源,定期公布可供利用的种质资源目录。具体办法由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定。国务院农业、林业行政主管部门应当建立国家种质资源库,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门可以根据需要建立种质资源库、种质资源保护区或者种质资源保护地。

 
Article 10 The State has sovereignty over the seed resources. The supplying by any individual or entity of seed resources to foreign countries shall be subject to the approval of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council. The introduction of foreign seed resources into China should be handled according to the relevant stipulations of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council.   第十条 国家对种质资源享有主权,任何单位和个人向境外提供种质资源的,应当经国务院农业、林业行政主管部门批准;从境外引进种质资源的,依照国务院农业、林业行政主管部门的有关规定办理。

 

Chapter 3 The Selection, Cultivation, Examination and Approval of Seed 第三章 品种选育与审定


 
Article 11 The administrative departments of agriculture, forestry, science and technology, education, etc. under the State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall organize relevant units to carry out the research of seed selection and the techniques and methods of seed selection. The National People's Congress encourages and supports entities and individuals to breed and develop quality seed.   第十一条 国务院农业、林业、科技、教育等行政主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当组织有关单位进行品种选育理论、技术和方法的研究。国家鼓励和支持单位和个人从事良种选育和开发。

 
Article 12 The State shall establish a new plant species protection system. The system will grant the rights of a new species to those cultured or to those species discovered in the wilderness that have not yet been cultivated or developed and that are characterized by novelty, specialty, consistency and stability. The new plant species protection system will protect the lawful rights and interests of the holder. All details shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chinese law. If the selected species is wildly used through dissemination, the breeder shall be entitled to obtain corresponding economic profits according to law.   第十二条 国家实行植物新品种保护制度,对经过人工培育的或者发现的野生植物加以开发的植物品种,具备新颖性、特异性、一致性和稳定性的,授予植物新品种权,保护植物新品种权所有人的合法权益。具体办法按照国家有关规定执行。选育的品种得到推广应用的,育种者依法获得相应的经济利益。

 
Article 13 If the individual and/or entity's income ((becomes law)) because the administrative departments of forestry ((establish test forest tree)), ((mensuration forest,)) excellent tree collection area, and gene base, the administrative department of forestry approved to set up should give economic compensate to them according to related stipulations. (((I believe that the meaning of this article is that: If the government procures the land and/or seed of an individual and/or entity, then the income which said entity received due to the holdings that have been procured by the government (for whatever reason) shall be paid to the entity by the government as just compensation.   第十三条 单位和个人因林业行政主管部门为选育林木良种建立测定林、试验林、优树收集区、基因库而减少经济收入的,批准建立的林业行政主管部门应当按照国家有关规定给予经济补偿。

 
Article 14 A safety assessment should be carried out for the selection, breed, ((test)), examination and popularization of gene-transfer plant species, and safety method should be adopted strictly. The State Council should determine the details.   第十四条 转基因植物品种的选育、试验、审定和推广应当进行安全性评价,并采取严格的安全控制措施。具体办法由国务院规定。

 
Article 15 Main crop or tree species should pass the safety examination and be approved at the national or provincial level before popularization. An applicant can directly apply for the examination and approval of either level. Those crop and tree species declared important as determined by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the people's government of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should ((also)) be examined and approved by the corresponding province.   第十五条 主要农作物品种和主要林木品种在推广应用前应当通过国家级或者省级审定,申请者可以直接申请省级审定或者国家级审定。由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门确定的主要农作物品种和主要林木品种实行省级审定。

The methods used to examine and approve main crop species and tree species should embody the rule of equity, publicity, science and efficiency. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should determine those methods.
 
主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定办法应当体现公正、公开、科学、效率的原则,由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定。

The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should respectively establish a Committee for the Examination and Approval of Crop and Tree Species to take on the examination and approval of main crop and forestry species. The committee should be comprised of professional experts in these fields.
 
国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的农业、林业行政主管部门分别设立由专业人员组成的农作物品种和林木品种审定委员会,承担主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定工作。

In regions with various ecologies, the administrative governments of agriculture and forestry for provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may entrust a city and/or autonomous prefecture to administer examinations and approvals for the main crop and tree species that are adequate to popularize the specific ecological region within the pre-determined area.
 
在具有生态多样性的地区,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门可以委托设区的市、自治州承担适宜于在特定生态区域内推广应用的主要农作物品种和主要林木品种的审定工作。

 
Article 16 A list of those crop and tree seeds that have passed the national examination and have received approval should be distributed by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council. Seeds on the list may be popularized throughout the country. A list of those seeds that have passed provincial examinations and have received approvals should be distributed by the people's government's administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Seeds listed may be popularized in the specified ecological region. Similar ecological regions in nearby provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may introduce seed approved in other regions into their own only after the approval of the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.   第十六条 通过国家级审定的主要农作物品种和主要林木良种由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门公告,可以在全国适宜的生态区域推广。通过省级审定的主要农作物品种和主要林木良种由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门公告,可以在本行政区域内适宜的生态区域推广;相邻省、自治区、直辖市属于同一适宜生态区的地域,经所在省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门同意后可以引种。

 
Article 17 The crop species that do not pass the examination and approval cannot be released, transferred nor popularized.   第十七条 应当审定的农作物品种未经审定通过的,不得发布广告,不得经营、推广。

Tree species that fail the examination and/or fail to receive approval cannot be regarded as quality seeds to use and popularize, but if there is necessity to use them for production, they shall be subject to the verification of the Tree Species Examination and Approval Committee.
 
应当审定的林木品种未经审定通过的,不得作为良种经营、推广,但生产确需使用的,应当经林木品种审定委员会认定。

 
Article 18 If the applicant objects to the result of the examination and approval process for a particular crop variety, s/he can ask for original Examination and Approval Committee or ((that Committee of above level)) to examine that variety again.   第十八条 审定未通过的农作物品种和林木品种,申请人有异议的,可以向原审定委员会或者上一级审定委员会申请复审。

 
Article 19 Foreign entities that have no regular abode or business place from which to apply for the examination and approval of seeds ((should entrust the matter to Chinese institutions of scientific research, production and operation, and these institutions must have legal personality.))   第十九条 在中国没有经常居所或者营业场所的外国人、外国企业或者外国其他组织在中国申请品种审定的,应当委托具有法人资格的中国种子科研、生产、经营机构代理。

 

Chapter 4 Seed Production 第四章 种子生产


 
Article 20 A permission-based system should be put into practice for commercial-seed production of crop and tree varieties.   第二十条 主要农作物和主要林木的商品种子生产实行许可制度。

The production licenses for main crop crossbreed seed, parent seed, original seed of original strains and main tree seed of improved variety should be issued by the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. They should be issued only after they have been examined and approved by the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the local counties as well. The production licenses for other seeds should be issued by the people's administrative departments of agriculture and forestry and/or ((the department above the county level.))
 
主要农作物杂交种子及其亲本种子、常规种原种种子、主要林木良种的种子生产许可证,由生产所在地县级人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门审核,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发;其他种子的生产许可证,由生产所在地县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发。

 
Article 21: Entities applying for the seed-production license should possess following qualifications:   第二十一条 申请领取种子生产许可证的单位和个人,应当具备下列条件:

 
(1) Must possess the isolation and cultivation conditions required for seed to propagate; (一)具有繁殖种子的隔离和培育条件;

 
(2) Must possess a site for seed-production free of ((quarantine plant diseases)) and insect pests or a seed-collection forest approved by forestry administrative department of the people's government above the county level; (二)具有无检疫性病虫害的种子生产地点或者县级以上人民政府林业行政主管部门确定的采种林;

 
(3) Must possess enough capital and facilities to produce and test the seed; (三)具有与种子生产相适应的资金和生产、检验设施;

 
(4) Must have professional technicians to produce and test the seed; (四)具有相应的专业种子生产和检验技术人员;

 
(5) Must be in accord with other conditions related to the law and legal regulations. (五)法律、法规规定的其他条件。

To apply for a production license for seed that has the rights of new plant variety, consent in written form must be obtained from the entity owning the seed rights.
 
申请领取具有植物新品种权的种子生产许可证的,应当征得品种权人的书面同意。

 
Article 22 The seed-production license must indicate seed species, production place, and valid period, and other details regarding the seed variety and production location.   第二十二条 种子生产许可证应当注明生产种子的品种、地点和有效期限等项目。

It is forbidden to counterfeit, alter, buy or borrow a seed-production license. Any entity without a license or one who has a license but cannot comply with the stipulations of that license is forbidden for to produce seed.
 
禁止伪造、变造、买卖、租借种子生产许可证;禁止任何单位和个人无证或者未按照许可证的规定生产种子。

 
Article 23 Procedures for seed-production and seed-check-and-quarantine must be implemented for the production of commercial seeds.   第二十三条 商品种子生产应当执行种子生产技术规程和种子检验、检疫规程。

 
Article 24 The collection of seeds at the production site should be organized by the operator of the site, and it should be carried out according to related national standards.   第二十四条 在林木种子生产基地内采集种子的,由种子生产基地的经营者组织进行,采集种子应当按照国家有关标准进行。

It is forbidden to pick immature seed, damage the parent trees, and to collect seeds from low quality forests or trees.
 
禁止抢采掠青、损坏母树,禁止在劣质林内、劣质母树上采集种子。

 
Article 25 The producer must record and file a record of the details of his/her commercial seed production. The record should indicate the production place, environmental conditions, original crop, parent seed resources, persons in charge of quality and technology, field-check record, the weather record of production place, and seed distribution etc.   第二十五条 商品种子生产者应当建立种子生产档案,载明生产地点、生产地块环境、前茬作物、亲本种子来源和质量、技术负责人、田间检验记录、产地气象记录、种子流向等内容。

 

Chapter 5 Seed Operation 第五章 种子经营


 
Article 26 License systems should be carried out for seed operation. The seed operator must first obtain a seed-operation license before applying for the transaction or modification of an operating license to the administrative management office of industry and commerce. The system of examination, approval and granting for the seed-operation license should be put into practice at every level. The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of local people's government above county level issue and examine the seed-operation license. The local people's government administrative of agriculture and forestry of the county level should audit the seed-operation license of main crossbreed crop seeds, parent seeds, seeds of normal resources, and main the seeds of improved tree species. The people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should check and grant the license. A seed or import/export company that carries out the combination of seed selection, cultivation, production and operation, and whose registration meets the requirements stipulated by the administrative department of agriculture and forestry under the State Council, its seed should be audited by the people's government of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and should be granted by the administrative department of agriculture and forestry under the State Council.   第二十六条 种子经营实行许可制度。种子经营者必须先取得种子经营许可证后,方可凭种子经营许可证向工商行政管理机关申请办理或者变更营业执照。种子经营许可证实行分级审批发放制度。种子经营许可证由种子经营者所在地县级以上地方人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发。主要农作物杂交种子及其亲本种子、常规种原种种子、主要林木良种的种子经营许可证,由种子经营者所在地县级人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门审核,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门核发。实行选育、生产、经营相结合并达到国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定的注册资本金额的种子公司和从事种子进出口业务的公司的种子经营许可证,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门审核,国务院农业、林业行政主管部门核发。

 
Article 27 The residual routine seed bred and used by the peasant can be sold and exchanged on the market without any operating license, and the people's government of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should detail method to manage it.   第二十七条 农民个人自繁、自用的常规种子有剩余的,可以在集贸市场上出售、串换,不需要办理种子经营许可证,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府制定管理办法。

 
Article 28 The national encourages and supports scientific research unit, school and technician to legally research, develop, operate and popularize the crop new variety and improved forest variety.   第二十八条 国家鼓励和支持科研单位、学校、科技人员研究开发和依法经营、推广农作物新品种和林木良种。

 
Article 29 The entity of individual to apply for the seed-operation license should possesses the following conditions:   第二十九条 申请领取种子经营许可证的单位和个人,应当具备下列条件:

 
(1) Has the capital consistent with the species and quantity of the operating seeds, and can indolently assume the civil responsibilities; (一)具有与经营种子种类和数量相适应的资金及独立承担民事责任的能力;

 
(2) Has persons that can correctly identify the operating seeds, check the seed quality, and master the technologies to store and protect seeds; (二)具有能够正确识别所经营的种子、检验种子质量、掌握种子贮藏、保管技术的人员;

 
(3) Has the operation place that is consistent with variety and quantity of operating seed, the facilities to process, pack and store the seed, and the device to check the quality of the seeds. and (三)具有与经营种子的种类、数量相适应的营业场所及加工、包装、贮藏保管设施和检验种子质量的仪器设备;

 
(4) Other conditions stipulated by laws and regulations. (四)法律、法规规定的其他条件。

To the seed operators who sell only those seed that not needed to divide and pack again, or to the distributors entrusted in written form by those seed operators who possess the seed-operation license, they need not to transact the seed-operation license.
 
种子经营者专门经营不再分装的包装种子的,或者受具有种子经营许可证的种子经营者以书面委托代销其种子的,可以不办理种子经营许可证。

 
Article 30 The grant office, beyond its domination, should determine the valid area of the seed-operation license. The seed operator can establish branches according to valid area stipulated by the seed-operation license, and the branches need not to get any license. But they must submit the case to local administrative departments of agriculture and forestry and the original license-grant office for file, within 15 days after they have transacted or modified the operation license.   第三十条 种子经营许可证的有效区域由发证机关在其管辖范围内确定。种子经营者按照经营许可证规定的有效区域设立分支机构的,可以不再办理种子经营许可证,但应当在办理或者变更营业执照后十五日内,向当地农业、林业行政主管部门和原发证机关备案。

 
Article 31 The seed-operation license must indicate the business scope, operation method, valid area and valid period for the seed operating. It is forbidden to counterfeit, change, buy or borrow the seed-operation license, and it is forbidden for any entity or individual, has no the license or cannot comply with the stipulations of the license, to operate seeds.   第三十一条 种子经营许可证应当注明种子经营范围、经营方式及有效期限、有效区域等项目。禁止伪造、变造、买卖、租借种子经营许可证;禁止任何单位和个人无证或者未按照许可证的规定经营种子。

 
Article 32 The seed operator should comply with related stipulations of laws and regulations to provide the seed users with seed characteristics, main planting technologies, use instructions and consultancy server ices, and should be responsible for the seed quality. Any entity or individual is not allowed to interfere with the independent operation rights of the seed operator.   第三十二条 种子经营者应当遵守有关法律、法规的规定,向种子使用者提供种子的简要性状、主要栽培措施、使用条件的说明与有关咨询服务,并对种子质量负责。任何单位和个人不得非法干预种子经营者的自主经营权。

 
Article 33 No one may purchase the seeds of rare trees and the forest seeds subject to restricted purchase by the people's government of the corresponding level without the approval of the competent administrative department of forests of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.   第三十三条 未经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业行政主管部门批准,不得收购珍贵树木种子和本级人民政府规定限制收购的林木种子。

 
Article 34 The seeds to be sold should be processed, classified and packed, except for those that cannot be done so.   第三十四条 销售的种子应当加工、分级、包装。但是,不能加工、包装的除外。

The big-packed seeds or the imported seeds may be divided into smaller package, but the entity to carry this task must be marked clearly and it should be fully responsible for the seed quality.
 
大包装或者进口种子可以分装;实行分装的,应当注明分装单位,并对种子质量负责。

 
Article 35 The seeds to be sold should attached with label indicating seed type, variety, name, production place, quality index, quarantine certificate No., license No. of seed production and operation, or document No. of import examination and approval etc. The contents of the label should be consistent with the seed. To sell import seeds, Chinese label must be attached. To sell gene-transfer plant seeds, it must be showed with obvious written language and safety control methods must also be provided too.   第三十五条 销售的种子应当附有标签。标签应当标注种子类别、品种名称、产地、质量指标、检疫证明编号、种子生产及经营许可证编号或者进口审批文号等事项。标签标注的内容应当与销售的种子相符。销售进口种子的,应当附有中文标签。销售转基因植物品种种子的,必须用明显的文字标注,并应当提示使用时的安全控制措施。

 
Article 36 The seed operator must establish files for seed operating, indicating brief content of seed sources, process, storage, transportation, quality check, the director, and where will the seed.   第三十六条 种子经营者应当建立种子经营档案,载明种子来源、加工、贮藏、运输和质量检测各环节的简要说明及责任人、销售去向等内容。

The operation documents of annual crop seeds should be kept for two years after the sell of the seeds, while the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should stipulate the storage period of operation documents for perennial crop seeds.
 
一年生农作物种子的经营档案应当保存至种子销售后二年,多年生农作物和林木种子经营档案的保存期限由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门规定。

 
Article 37 The contents of seed advertisement should be consistent with this law and other laws and regulations related with advertisement, and the main description of characteristics should be in line with the examined and approved proclaim.   第三十七条 种子广告的内容应当符合本法和有关广告的法律、法规的规定,主要性状描述应当与审定公告一致。

 
Article 38 The seeds to be moved or mailed from corresponding county should be attached with quarantine certificate.   第三十八条 调运或者邮寄出县的种子应当附有检疫证书。

 

Chapter 6 The Usage of Seed 第六章 种子使用


 
Article 39 The seed user has the right to buy seeds fully of his will, and any entity or individual is not allowed to interfere with it illegally.   第三十九条 种子使用者有权按照自己的意愿购买种子,任何单位和个人不得非法干预。

 
Article 40 The forestation project mainly or fully invested by the national or the forestation project carried out by state forestry entity should use the improved forest variety according to the plan stipulated by the administrative department of forestry.   第四十条 国家投资或者国家投资为主的造林项目和国有林业单位造林,应当根据林业行政主管部门制定的计划使用林木良种。

The national should support the forestation of shelterbelt using improved forest variety, and other forestation project with special usage.
 
国家对推广使用林木良种营造防护林、特种用途林给予扶持。

 
Article 41 If the seed user undergoes loss because of the seed quality, the seed supplier should compensate for it, and the compensation includes the money number used to buy the seeds, related expense and the available profit loss.   第四十一条 种子使用者因种子质量问题遭受损失的,出售种子的经营者应当予以赔偿,赔偿额包括购种价款、有关费用和可得利益损失。

After the operator compensates for the buyer's loss, the operator has the right, if the seed user's loss is the responsibility of the seed producer or other operators, to get claim for the compensation from the seed producer or other operators.
 
经营者赔偿后,属于种子生产者或者其他经营者责任的,经营者有权向生产者或者其他经营者追偿。

 
Article 42 If civil dispute is caused by the seed usage, the parties can come to agreement by negotiation or intermediation. If one of the parties is reluctant to resolve the dispute by above methods or the dispute cannot come to agreement, the party can apply for arbitration to the arbitration organizer. The party can also directly go to the People's Court.   第四十二条 因使用种子发生民事纠纷的,当事人可以通过协商或者调解解决。当事人不愿通过协商、调解解决或者协商、调解不成的,可以根据当事人之间的协议向仲裁机构申请仲裁。当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。

 

Chapter 7 Seed Quality 第七章 种子质量


 
Article 43 The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council should stipulate the industry standards and quality management methods of seed production, process, package, check and storage.   第四十三条 种子的生产、加工、包装、检验、贮藏等质量管理办法和行业标准,由国务院农业、林业行政主管部门制定。

The administrative department should be in charge of the supervision of the seed quality.
 
农业、林业行政主管部门负责对种子质量的监督。

 
Article 44 The administrative department of agriculture and forestry can entrust quality test unit to check the seed quality.   第四十四条 农业、林业行政主管部门可以委托种子质量检验机构对种子质量进行检验。

The seed quality test institution should possess corresponding test conditions and abilities and pass the examination of the administrative department of the people's government above province level.
 
承担种子质量检验的机构应当具备相应的检测条件和能力,并经省级以上人民政府有关主管部门考核合格。

 
Article 45 The test institution of seed quality should equip with qualified seed checkers who should have the following qualifications:   第四十五条 种子质量检验机构应当配备种子检验员。种子检验员应当具备以下条件:

 
(1) Education diploma of middle technology school graduate, major in related subject; (一)具有相关专业中等专业技术学校毕业以上文化水平;

 
(2) Has engaged in the test work of seed quality more than three years; (二)从事种子检验技术工作三年以上;

 
(3) Passed the examination of the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the people's government above province level. (三)经省级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门考核合格。

 
Article 46 It is forbidden to produce, operate false or low quality seeds; false seed includes the following:   第四十六条 禁止生产、经营假、劣种子。下列种子为假种子:

 
(1) Use non-seed to imitate seed or use a kind of seed to imitate other kind of seed; and (一)以非种子冒充种子或者以此种品种种子冒充他种品种种子的;

 
(2) The seed variety, type and production place are not consistent with the contents of label. (二)种子种类、品种、产地与标签标注的内容不符的。

Followings are the low quality seeds:
 
下列种子为劣种子:

 
(1) The seed whose quality is lower than that of the national standards; (一)质量低于国家规定的种用标准的;

 
(2) The quality is lower than what marked on the label; (二)质量低于标签标注指标的;

 
(3) The quality has changed and the seeds cannot be used as seeds; (三)因变质不能作种子使用的;

 
(4) The percentage of weed seeds is more than the stipulated value; and (四)杂草种子的比率超过规定的;

 
(5) With maleficent organism quarantined by the national. (五)带有国家规定检疫对象的有害生物的。

 
Article 47 In case that the crop seed must be used because of force majeure, and its quality is lower than that of the seed-usage standards of the national or local government, the seed usage must be approved by the people's government above local county level, while the forest seed must be approved by the people's government of local provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.   第四十七条 由于不可抗力原因,为生产需要必须使用低于国家或者地方规定的种用标准的农作物种子的,应当经用种地县级以上地方人民政府批准;林木种子应当经用种地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准。

 
Article 48 The entity or individual engaged in the seed selection, cultivation, production, operation and management should comply with stipulations of related quarantine law and administrative regulations to avoid the promulgation and extension of plant dangerous diseases, insect pests and weeds.   第四十八条 从事品种选育和种子生产、经营以及管理的单位和个人应当遵守有关植物检疫法律、行政法规的规定,防止植物危险性病、虫、杂草及其他有害生物的传播和蔓延。

It is forbidden for any entity or individual to carry out plant diseases and insect pests research in the see production base.
 
禁止任何单位和个人在种子生产基地从事病虫害接种试验。

 

Chapter 8 Import, Export and Foreign Cooperation for Seed 第八章 种子进出口和对外合作


 
Article 49 The quarantine system must be put into practice for seed import and export to prevent plant dangerous diseases, insect pests and weeds from transfer into or out of China. The detail quarantine works should be carried out according to quarantine law of plant import and export.   第四十九条 进口种子和出口种子必须实施检疫,防止植物危险性病、虫、杂草及其他有害生物传入境内和传出境外,具体检疫工作按照有关植物进出境检疫法律、行政法规的规定执行。

 
Article 50 The corporation or other organization engaged in the business of seed import and export must possess the seed-operation license, in addition, they must get the permission of seed trade of export and import according to foreign trade law and administrative regulations. The State Council should stipulate the limits of power to examine and approve the introduction of crop seeds or forest seeds from foreign countries, stipulate the examination and approval methods to import and export crop seeds and forest seeds, and determine the management method to introduce gene-transfer plant species from foreign countries.   第五十条 从事商品种子进出口业务的法人和其他组织,除具备种子经营许可证外,还应当依照有关对外贸易法律、行政法规的规定取得从事种子进出口贸易的许可。从境外引进农作物、林木种子的审定权限,农作物、林木种子的进出口审批办法,引进转基因植物品种的管理办法,由国务院规定。

 
Article 51 The seed quality of import and export should meet national standards or industry standards. If there is no national standards or industry standards for the seed quality, it should be carried out according to the standard of the contract.   第五十一条 进口商品种子的质量,应当达到国家标准或者行业标准。没有国家标准或者行业标准的,可以按照合同约定的标准执行。

 
Article 52 Seed import to produce seed for foreign countries is not bonded by rule 1 of Article 50, provided that there is seed production contract, the imported seed must only be used to seed production and its product cannot be sold in China The crop test variety imported from foreign countries must be cultivated in isolation status, and the harvest cannot be sold as commercial seed in China.   第五十二条 为境外制种进口种子的,可以不受本法第五十条第一款的限制,但应当具有对外制种合同,进口的种子只能用于制种,其产品不得在国内销售。从境外引进农作物试验用种,应当隔离栽培,收获物也不得作为商品种子销售。

 
Article 53 It is forbidden to import and export false or low quality seeds, or the seeds that are not permitted to import and export by national stipulations.   第五十三条 禁止进出口假、劣种子以及属于国家规定不得进出口的种子。

 
Article 54 According to respect laws and administrative regulations, the related departments under the State Council should determine the management methods and examination/approval procedure for the foreign enterprises or other economic organizations to invest the seed production and operation in China.   第五十四条 境外企业、其他经济组织或者个人来我国投资种子生产、经营的,审批程序和管理办法由国务院有关部门依照有关法律、行政法规规定。

 

Chapter 9 Administrative Management for Seed 第九章 种子行政管理


 
Article 55 The administrative departments of agriculture and forest are the law-enforce departments. Seed tipstaffs should show their certificate of law execution when they legally carry out the line of duty.   第五十五条 农业、林业行政主管部门是种子行政执法机关。种子执法人员依法执行公务时应当出示行政执法证件。

To implement this law, the administrative department of agriculture and forestry can check the locale.
 
农业、林业行政主管部门为实施本法,可以进行现场检查。

 
Article 56 The administrative department of agriculture and forestry and its missionaries may not take part in or undertake seed production, sell and purchase. The operation organizations of seed production may not take part in or undertake the administrative management works of seeds. The administrative department and operation organization of seed production should be isolated on the aspects of personnel and financial affairs.   第五十六条 农业、林业行政主管部门及其工作人员不得参与和从事种子生产、经营活动;种子生产经营机构不得参与和从事种子行政管理工作。种子的行政主管部门与生产经营机构在人员和财务上必须分开。

 
Article 57 The administrative department of agriculture and forest under the State Council and the people's governments, in whose region the seed is cultivated, of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should strength the coordination and management on the issue of seed cultivation. The traffic and transportation departments should first guarantee the seed transportation.   第五十七条 国务院农业、林业行政主管部门和异地繁育种子所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当加强对异地繁育种子工作的管理和协调,交通运输部门应当优先保证种子的运输。

 
Article 58 When the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry implement the granting of related licenses, they cannot charge for any expenses except the production costs of certificates.   第五十八条 农业、林业行政主管部门在依照本法实施有关证照的核发工作中,除收取所发证照的工本费外,不得收取其他费用。

 

Chapter 10 Law Responsibilities 第十章 法律责任


 
Article 59 For any entity or individual who violate the stipulations of this law to produce or operate false seeds or low quality seeds, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry or other administrative management organizations of industry and commerce should order them to stop production or operation, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, revoke the seed-production license, seed-operation license or business license, and impose a forfeit for the illegal actions. If there is illegal income, a fine of 5 times to 10 times as that of the illegal income should be imposed on them; if there is no illegal income, a fine of RMB 2000 Yuan to RMB 50000 Yuan should be imposed on them. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law.   第五十九条 违反本法规定,生产、经营假、劣种子的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门或者工商行政管理机关责令停止生产、经营,没收种子和违法所得,吊销种子生产许可证、种子经营许可证或者营业执照,并处以罚款;有违法所得的,处以违法所得五倍以上十倍以下罚款;没有违法所得的,处以二千元以上五万元以下罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 60 For those who break the stipulations of this law and have done one of the following things, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to correct, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, impose a fine of 1 time to 3 times as that of the illegal income, impose, if no illegal income, a fine of RMB 1000 Yuan to RMB 30000 Yuan on them, revoke the seed-production license or seed-operation license. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law:   第六十条 违反本法规定,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门责令改正,没收种子和违法所得,并处以违法所得一倍以上三倍以下罚款;没有违法所得的,处以一千元以上三万元以下罚款;可以吊销违法行为人的种子生产许可证或者种子经营许可证;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:

 
(1) Cannot get the seed-production license, counterfeit, change, buy or lease the seed-production license, or cannot produce according to the stipulations of the seed-production license. (一)未取得种子生产许可证或者伪造、变造、买卖、租借种子生产许可证,或者未按照种子生产许可证的规定生产种子的;

 
(2) Cannot get the seed-operation license, counterfeit, change, buy or lease the seed-operation license, or cannot operate according to the stipulations of the seed-production license. (二)未取得种子经营许可证或者伪造、变造、买卖、租借种子经营许可证,或者未按照种子经营许可证的规定经营种子的。

 
Article 61 For those who break the stipulations of this law and have done one of the following things, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to correct, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, impose a fine of 1 time to 3 times as that of the illegal income, impose, if no illegal income, a fine of RMB 1000 Yuan to RMB 20000 Yuan on them, revoke the seed-production license or seed-operation license. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law:   第六十一条 违反本法规定,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门责令改正,没收种子和违法所得,并处以违法所得一倍以上三倍以下罚款;没有违法所得的,处以一千元以上二万元以下罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:

 
(1) The seeds produced for foreign countries are sold in China; (一)为境外制种的种子在国内销售的;

 
(2) The harvest of the test-crop seeds introduce into China is sold in China; and (二)从境外引进农作物种子进行引种试验的收获物在国内作商品种子销售的;

 
(3) Privately collect of fell the natural variety resources mainly protected by the national. (三)未经批准私自采集或者采伐国家重点保护的天然种质资源的。

 
Article 62 For those who break the stipulations of this law and have done one of the following things, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to correct, impose a fine of RMB 1000 Yuan to RMB 10000 Yuan on them:   第六十二条 违反本法规定,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门或者工商行政管理机关责令改正,处以一千元以上一万元以下罚款:

 
(1) The operated seeds are not packed, but it is necessary to do so; (一)经营的种子应当包装而没有包装的;

 
(2) There is no label for the operated seeds or the content or the label is not consistent with this law; (二)经营的种子没有标签或者标签内容不符合本法规定的;

 
(3) Counterfeit or alter the label or test/check data; (三)伪造、涂改标签或者试验、检验数据的;

 
(4) The files of seed production and operation are not prepared and stored; and (四)未按规定制作、保存种子生产、经营档案的;

 
(5) It is not submitted for file for the operators to establish branch in other places. (五)种子经营者在异地设立分支机构未按规定备案的。

 
Article 63 For those who break the stipulations of this law to supply or introduce seed resources to/from foreign countries, the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry under the State Council or the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should confiscate the seeds and illegal income, and impose a fine of RMB 10000 Yuan to RMB 30000 on them.   第六十三条 违反本法规定,向境外提供或者从境外引进种质资源的,由国务院或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的农业、林业行政主管部门没收种质资源和违法所得,并处以一万元以上五万元以下罚款。

For those who take or transport variety resources out of China without the approval of the administrative department of agriculture and forestry, the custom should detain the variety resources and transfer it to the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
 
未取得农业、林业行政主管部门的批准文件携带、运输种质资源出境的,海关应当将该种质资源扣留,并移送省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门处理。

 
Article 64 For those who break the stipulations of this law to sell or popularize seeds that are necessary to subject to examination and approval and actually not so, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to stop the sale and popularization, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, and impose a fine RMB 10000 Yuan to RMB 50000 Yuan on them.   第六十四条 违反本法规定,经营、推广应当审定而未经审定通过的种子的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门责令停止种子的经营、推广,没收种子和违法所得,并处以一万元以上五万元以下罚款。

 
Article 65 For those who break the stipulations of this law to snatch the immature seeds, damage the parent trees, or to collect seeds from the low quality parent trees or forest, the people's government administrative department of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to stop the seed collection, confiscate the collected seeds, and impose a fine of 1 time to three times on them. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law.   第六十五条 违反本法规定,抢采掠青、损坏母树或者在劣质林内和劣质母树上采种的,由县级以上人民政府林业行政主管部门责令停止采种行为,没收所采种子,并处以所采林木种子价值一倍以上三倍以下的罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 66 For those who break Article 33 of this law to buy forest seeds, the people's government administrative departments of forestry above county level should confiscate the purchased seeds and impose a fine not more than two times as the money number of the purchased seeds on tem.   第六十六条 违反本法第三十三条规定收购林木种子的,由县级以上人民政府林业行政主管部门没收所收购的种子,并处以收购林木种子价款二倍以下的罚款。

 
Article 67 For those who break the stipulations of this law to carry out the test of plant diseases and insect pests in the seed-production base, the people's government administrative departments of agriculture and forestry above county level should order them to stop the test, and impose a fine of no more than RMB 50000 Yuan on them.   第六十七条 违反本法规定,在种子生产基地进行病虫害接种试验的,由县级以上人民政府农业、林业行政主管部门责令停止试验,处以五万元以下罚款。

 
Article 68 If the quality-test institutions of seeds provide falsehood certificates, these institutions and suppliers should take the related responsibilities. Responsibilities of related persons of the quality-test institution should be investigated according to relevant law. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law.   第六十八条 种子质量检验机构出具虚假检验证明的,与种子生产者、销售者承担连带责任;并依法追究种子质量检验机构及其有关责任人的行政责任;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 69 Those who force the seed user to reluctantly buy or use their seeds, and cause damage to the seed users, they should assume the responsibility to compensate.   第六十九条 强迫种子使用者违背自己的意愿购买、使用种子给使用者造成损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。

 
Article 70 For administrative departments of agriculture and forestry to grant the seed-production license or seed-operation license to those that are not qualified, administration punishment should be given to the direct governors or other persons related with the cases. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law.   第七十条 农业、林业行政主管部门违反本法规定,对不具备条件的种子生产者、经营者核发种子生产许可证或者种子经营许可证的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 71 For the seed administrative managers who practise favouritism, misuse authority and scrimshank, or break the stipulations of this law to engage in seed production and operation, they should be given administrative punishment according related law. For criminal case, criminal responsibility should be investigated and affixed according to related law.   第七十一条 种子行政管理人员徇私舞弊、滥用职权、玩忽职守的,或者违反本法规定从事种子生产、经营活动的,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 72 For those who think that the administrative actions of the administrative departments have infringed their legal rights, they can apply for administrative reconsideration according to related law, or lodge a complaint to the People's Court according to the law.   第七十二条 当事人认为有关行政机关的具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益的,可以依法申请行政复议,也可以依法直接向人民法院提起诉讼。

 
Article 73 The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry should inform the management office of the industry and commerce to logout or change the misfeasors' business licenses after the departments have revoked the misfeasors' seed-operation license.   第七十三条 农业、林业行政主管部门依法吊销违法行为人的种子经营许可证后,应当通知工商行政管理机关依法注销或者变更违法行为人的营业执照。

 

Chapter 11 Supplementary Provisions 第十一章 附则


 
Article 74 Definition of terms in this law   第七十四条 本法下列用语的含义是:

 
(1) Seed resources refer to the basic materials selected to cultivate new variety, including planting seeds of various floral, wildness seeds and the gene materials fabricated with above materials. (一)种质资源是指选育新品种的基础材料,包括各种植物的栽培种、野生种的繁殖材料以及利用上述繁殖材料人工创造的各种植物的遗传材料。

 
(2) Variety refers to the plant colony that has been selected, cultivated, found, and improved by human, whose shape and biological characteristics are uniform, and whose genetic characteristics are relatively stable. (二)品种是指经过人工选育或者发现并经过改良,形态特征和生物学特性一致,遗传性状相对稳定的植物群体。

 
(3) Main crops refer to rice, wheat, maize, cotton and soybean, and other one to two crops that are determined respectively by the administrative department of agriculture under the State Council, and the people's government administrative departments of agriculture of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. (三)主要农作物是指稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆以及国务院农业行政主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府农业行政主管部门各自分别确定的其他一至二种农作物。

 
(4) Improved variety or high quality seed of forest refers to those examined and approved forest seed whose output, adaptability and resistance are significantly better than that of the propagation materials and planting materials. (四)林木良种是指通过审定的林木种子,在一定的区域内,其产量、适应性、抗性等方面明显优于当前主栽材料的繁殖材料和种植材料。

 
(5) Label refers to specific symbol and written descriptions fixed in the package or on its surface. (五)标签是指固定在种子包装物表面及内外的特定图案及文字说明。

 
Article 75 The main forest of this law should be determined and claimed by the administrative department of forestry under the State Council, and other following 8 forest trees should be determined by the people's government administrative department of forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the State Council.   第七十五条 本法所称主要林木由国务院林业行政主管部门确定并公布;省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业行政主管部门可以在国务院林业行政主管部门确定的主要林木之外确定其他八种以下的主要林木。

 
Article 76 The selection, cultivation, production, operation, use and management of seed resources for weed seed and mushroom seed should be carried out according to this law.   第七十六条 草种、食用菌菌种的种质资源管理和选育、生产、经营、使用、管理等活动,参照本法执行。

 
Article 77 If the international agreement that the People's Republic of China has entered is not consistent with this law, the terms in the international agreement is to be used, except those reserved terms announced by the People's Republic of China.   第七十七条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的与种子有关的国际条约与本法有不同规定的,适用国际条约的规定;但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

 
Article 78 This Law shall go into effect as of December 1, 2000, and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Seed Management promulgated by the State Council on March 13, 1989 shall be annulled at the same time.   第七十八条 本法自2000年12月1日起施行。1989年3月13日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国种子管理条例》同时废止。
 

     
     
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