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INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS [Effective]
保护植物新品种国际公约 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

 
December 2, 1961, as Revised at Geneva on November 10, 1972, on October 23, 1978, and on March 19, 1991 (1961年12月2日制定 1972年11月10日 1978年10月23日 在日内瓦修订)

 
Chapter I: Definitions 第一章定义

Chapter II: General Obligations of the Contracting Parties
 
第二章缔约方义务总论

Chapter III: Conditions for the Grant of the Breeder's Right
 
第三章授予育种家权利的条件

Chapter IV: Application for the Grant of the Breeder's Right
 
第四章申请授予育种家权利

Chapter V: The Rights of the Breeder
 
第五章育种家权利(品种权)

Chapter VI: Variety Denomination
 
第六章品种命名

Chapter VII: Nullity and Cancellation of the Breeder's Right
 
第七章品种权的无效和取消

Chapter VIII: The Union
 
第八章联盟

Chapter IX: Implementation of the Convention; Other Agreements
 
第九章本公约履行;其它协定

Chapter X: Final Provisions
 
第十章终止条款

 
CHAPTER I DEFINITIONS 第一章定义

 
Article 1 Definitions 第1条定义

For the purposes of this Act:
 
为制定本法规,特作以下定义:

(i) "this Convention" means the present (1991) Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants;
 
(i)“本公约”系保护植物新品种国际公约目前(1991)的法规;

(ii) "Act of 1961/1972" means the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants of December 2, 1961, as amended by the Additional Act of November 10, 1972;
 
(ii)“1961/1972法规”系1972年11月10日修订的1961年12月2日制定的保护植物新品种国际公约;

(iii) "Act of 1978" means the Act of October 23, 1978, of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants;
 
(iii)“1978年法规”系指1978年10月23日制定的保护植物新品种国际公约的法规;

(iv) "breeder" means
 
(iv)“育种家”系指

- the person who bred, or discovered and developed, a variety,
 
——培育或发现和开发了一个品种的人;

- the person who is the employer of the aforementioned person or who has commissioned the latter's work, where the laws of the relevant Contracting Party so provide, or
 
——上述人员的雇主或按照有关缔约方的法律规定代理雇主工作的人;

- the successor in title of the first or second aforementioned person, as the case may be;
 
——上述第一个人或第二个人的继承人,视具体情况而定;

(v) "breeder's right" means the right of the breeder provided for in this Convention;
 
(v)“育种家的权利”系指根据本公约向育种家提供的权利;

(vi) "variety" means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which grouping, irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeder's right are fully met, can be
 
(vi)“品种”系指已知最低一级植物分类单元中的一个植物分类,不论授予育种家的权利的条件是否充分满足,分类可以是:

- defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes,
 
——通过某一特定的基因或基因型组合的特征的表达来下定义;

- distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics and
 
——由于表示至少一种所说的特性,因而不同于任何其它植物分类;

- considered as a unit with regard to its suitability for being propagated unchanged;
 
——经过繁殖后其适应性未变,被认为是一个分类单元;

(vii) "Contracting Party" means a State or an intergovernmental organization party to this Convention;
 
(vii)“缔约方”系指参加本公约的一个国家或一个政府间组织;

(viii) "territory," in relation to a Contracting Party, means, where the Contracting Party is a State, the territory of that State and, where the Contracting Party is an intergovernmental organization, the territory in which the constituting treaty of that intergovernmental organization applies;
 
(viii)“领土”对于缔约方来讲,当缔约方是一个国家时,则指那个国家的领土,当缔约方是一个政府间组织时,则为适用于该政府间组织制定的协议的领域;

(ix) "authority" means the authority referred to in Article 30(1)(ii);
 
(ix)“权力”系指第30款(1)(ii)所涉及的权力;

(x) "Union" means the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants founded by the Act of 1961 and further mentioned in the Act of 1972, the Act of 1978 and in this Convention;
 
(x)“联盟”系指根据1961年法规成立并和本公约中在1972年法规1978年法规和本法规继续提及的国际保护植物新品种联盟;

(xi) "member of the Union" means a State party to the Act of 1961/1972 or the Act of 1978, or a Contracting Party.
 
(xi)“联盟成员”系指1961/1972法规或1978年的法规的缔约国家或缔约方。

 
CHAPTER II GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES 第二章缔约方义务总论

 
Article 2 Basic Obligation of the Contracting Parties 第2条缔约方的基本义务

Each Contracting Party shall grant and protect breeders' rights.
 
每个缔约方应授予和保护育种家的权利。

 
Article 3 Genera and Species to be Protected 第3条需要保护的属和种

(1) [States already members of the Union] Each Contracting Party which is bound by the Act of 1961/1972 or the Act of 1978 shall apply the provisions of this Convention,
 
(1)[已是联盟成员的国家]受1961/1972年的法规或1978年的法规约束的各缔约方应遵守本公约条款规定。

(i) at the date on which it becomes bound by this Convention, to all plant genera and species to which it applies, on the said date, the provisions of the Act of 1961/1972 or the Act of 1978 and,
 
(i)从受本公约约束之日起,适用于1961/1972年的法规或1978年的法规规定的所有植物属和种,也都于上述之日起适用于本公约;

(ii) at the latest by the expiration of a period of five years after the said date, to all plant genera and species.
 
(ii)自上述之日起,至迟五年内,适用于所有植物属和种。

(2) [New members of the Union] Each Contracting Party which is not bound by the Act of 1961/1972 or the Act of 1978 shall apply the provisions of this Convention,
 
(2)[联盟的新成员]不受1961/1972年的法规或1978年的法规约束的各缔约方应遵守本公约条款规定。

(i) at the date on which it becomes bound by this Convention, to at least 15 plant genera or species and,
 
(i)自受本公约约束之日起,至少适用于15个植物属或种;

(ii) at the latest by the expiration of a period of 10 years from the said date, to all plant genera and species.
 
(ii)自上述日期起,至迟10年内,适用于所有植物属和种。

 
Article 4 National Treatment 第4条国民的待遇

(1) [Treatment] Without prejudice to the rights specified in this Convention, nationals of a Contracting Party as well as natural persons resident and legal entities having their registered offices within the territory of a Contracting Party shall, insofar as the grant and protection of breeders' rights are concerned, enjoy within the territory of each other Contracting Party the same treatment as is accorded or may hereafter be accorded by the laws of each such other Contracting Party to its own nationals, provided that the said nationals, natural persons or legal entities comply with the conditions and formalities imposed on the nationals of the said other Contracting Party.
 
(1)[待遇]在不损害本公约规定的权利的前提下,缔约方的国民以及永久居留的自然人和在缔约方的领土内有其注册办事处的合法实体,就其育种家权利的授予和保护而言,在每个缔约方的领土内,将享有每个其他缔约方根据法律所给予或今后将给予其自己的国民相同的待遇,只要所说的国民、自然人或合法实体遵守所说的其他缔约方对国民的规定和手续。

(2) ["Nationals"] For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, "nationals" means, where the Contracting Party is a State, the nationals of that State and, where the Contracting Party is an intergovernmental organization, the nationals of the States which are members of that organization.
 
(2)[“国民”]在前面一段,“国民”的概念是,如果缔约方是一个国家,那么就指那个国家的国民,如果缔约方是一个政府间组织,则指那个组织各成员国的国民。

 
CHAPTER III CONDITIONS FOR THE GRANT OF THE BREEDER'S RIGHT 第三章授予育种家权利的条件

 
Article 5 Conditions of Protection 第5条保护的条件

(1) [Criteria to be satisfied] The breeder's right shall be granted where the variety is
 
(1)[需满足的标准]当品种符合下列条件时应授予育种家权利:

(i) new, (ii) distinct, (iii) uniform and (iv) stable.
 
(i)新颖性;(ii)奇异性;(iii)均一性;(iv)稳定性。

(2) [Other conditions] The grant of the breeder's right shall not be subject to any further or different conditions, provided that the variety is designated by a denomination in accordance with the provisions of Article 20, that the applicant complies with the formalities provided for by the law of the Contracting Party with whose authority the application has been filed and that he pays the required fees.
 
(2)[其他条件]凡育种家育出的品种是按照第20款的规定的名称命名的,申请者履行缔约方法律规定的手续,向当局申请备案,申请者交纳必要的手续费,则对育种家权利的授予就不应附带任何其他的条件。

 
Article 6 Novelty 第6条新颖性

(1) [Criteria] The variety shall be deemed to be new if, at the date of filing of the application for a breeder's right, propagating or harvested material of the variety has not been sold or otherwise disposed of to others, by or with the consent of the breeder, for purposes of exploitation of the variety
 
(1)[标准]该品种应被认为具有新颖性,如果在育种家的权利申请书备案之日,该品种繁育或收获的材料尚未售出,或虽转让给他人,但业经育种家同意,旨在开发。

(i) in the territory of the Contracting Party in which the application has been filed earlier than one year before that date and
 
(i)在缔约一方的领土上,于该日期一年前申请书已备案者;

(ii) in a territory other than that of the Contracting Party in which the application has been filed earlier than four years or, in the case of trees or of vines, earlier than six years before the said date.
 
(ii)在缔约方以外的领土、申请书于该日期前四年已备案者,对于树木或藤木植物,早于该日期前六年已备案者。

(2) [Varieties of recent creation] Where a Contracting Party applies this Convention to a plant genus or species to which it did not previously apply this Convention or an earlier Act, it may consider a variety of recent creation existing at the date of such extension of protection to satisfy the condition of novelty defined in paragraph (1) even where the sale or disposal to others described in that paragraph took place earlier than the time limits defined in that paragraph.
 
(2)[新培育的品种]凡缔约方实施本公约的属或种,以前未实施本公约或早期法规者可以认为自实施这种保护之日起已存在的培育的一个品种,以符合(1)节规定的新品种的条件,即使早于按该段所述的出售或转让给其他人的时间,也应是新培育的品种。

(3) ["Territory" in certain cases] For the purposes of paragraph (1), all the Contracting Parties which are member States of one and the same intergovernmental organization may act jointly, where the regulations of that organization so require, to assimilate acts done on the territories of the States members of that organization to acts done on their own territories and, should they do so, shall notify the Secretary-General accordingly.
 
(3)[某些情况下的“领土”]为实施(1)节,在所有缔约方为同样一个政府间组织的成员国的情况下,当该组织的规章有此要求时,可以联合行动,在该组织的成员国家领土上共同行动,在其各自领土上活动,如果要这样做,应相应地报告秘书长。

 
Article 7 Distinctness 第7条奇异性

The variety shall be deemed to be distinct if it is clearly distinguishable from any other variety whose existence is a matter of common knowledge at the time of the filing of the application. In particular, the filing of an application for the granting of a breeder's right or for the entering of another variety in an official register of varieties, in any country, shall be deemed to render that other variety a matter of common knowledge from the date of the application, provided that the application leads to the granting of a breeder's right or to the entering of the said other variety in the official register of varieties, as the case may be.
 
如果一个品种在申请书备案之时显然有别于人所共知的任何品种,则这个品种就可以认为是奇异的。特别是,育种家权利申请书备案或其他品种在任何国家法定的品种登记处登记的情况下,假如已申请获得了育种家的权利或者在法定的品种登记处对其它品种作了登记,则可认为从申请之日起,该其它品种就是人所共知的。

 
Article 8 Uniformity 第8条均一性

The variety shall be deemed to be uniform if, subject to the variation that may be expected from the particular features of its propagation, it is sufficiently uniform in its relevant characteristics.
 
一个品种从其繁殖的特殊性能可预期其变异,如果其有关的特性完全一致,则该品种应认为是均一的。

 
Article 9 Stability 第9条稳定性

The variety shall be deemed to be stable if its relevant characteristics remain unchanged after repeated propagation or, in the case of a particular cycle of propagation, at the end of each such cycle.
 
如果一个品种经过反复繁殖有关特性保持不变,或者是在一特殊繁殖周期情况下,在每个周期末尾其有关特性保持不变,这个品种就被认为是稳定的。

 
CHAPTER IV APPLICATION FOR THE GRANT OF THE BREEDER'S RIGHT 第四章申请授予育种家权利(下称品种权)

 
Article 10 Filing of Applications 第10条提交申请

(1) [Place of first application] The breeder may choose the Contracting Party with whose authority he wishes to file his first application for a breeder's right.
 
(1)[首次申请地]申请品种权的育种家可按自己的意愿选择提交首次申请的缔约方机构。

(2) [Time of subsequent applications] The breeder may apply to the authorities of other Contracting Parties for the grant of breeders' rights without waiting for the grant to him of a breeder's right by the authority of the Contracting Party with which the first application was filed.
 
(2)[二次申请时间]在受理首次申请的缔约方尚未批准授予品种权之前,育种家有权向其他缔约方机构提交二次申请。

(3) [Independence of protection] No Contracting Party shall refuse to grant a breeder's right or limit its duration on the ground that protection for the same variety has not been applied for, has been refused or has expired in any other State or intergovernmental organization.
 
(3)[保护的互不依赖性]任何缔约方均不得以未向其他国家或政府间机构提交保护同一品种的申请,或这种申请已被拒绝或保护期满为由,拒授品种权或限制其期限。

 
Article 11 Right of Priority 第11条优先权

(1) [The right; its period] Any breeder who has duly filed an application for the protection of a variety in one of the Contracting Parties (the "first application") shall, for the purpose of filing an application for the grant of a breeder's right for the same variety with the authority of any other Contracting Party (the "subsequent application"), enjoy a right of priority for a period of 12 months. This period shall be computed from the date of filing of the first application. The day of filing shall not be included in the latter period.
 
(1)[优先权及其期限]凡已正式向缔约方之一提交保护某一品种的申请(“首次申请”)的育种家,出于为获得同一品种权而向其他缔约方提交申请(“二次申请”)时,均享有为期12个月的优先权。这个期限从提交首次申请之日算起,二次申请的当日不计在内。

(2) [Claiming the right] In order to benefit from the right of priority, the breeder shall, in the subsequent application, claim the priority of the first application. The authority with which the subsequent application has been filed may require the breeder to furnish, within a period of not less than three months from the filing date of the subsequent application, a copy of the documents which constitute the first application, certified to be a true copy by the authority with which that application was filed, and samples or other evidence that the variety which is the subject matter of both applications is the same.
 
(2)[要求享受优先权]育种家为从优先权获益,在提交二次申请时有权要求享有首次申请后的优先权。受理二次申请的机构可以要求育种家在一定时间内(从提交二次申请之日起不少于3个月)提供有关文件和样品或其他证据,证明两次申请的真实文本,和同一品种。

(3) [Documents and material] The breeder shall be allowed a period of two years after the expiration of the period of priority or, where the first application is rejected or withdrawn, an appropriate time after such rejection or withdrawal, in which to furnish, to the authority of the Contracting Party with which he has filed the subsequent application, any necessary information, document or material required for the purpose of the examination under Article 12, as required by the laws of that Contracting Party.
 
(3)[文件和材料]允许育种家在优先权期满后两年之内,或在首次申请被拒或撤销后的一定时间内,向二次申请受理方提供依法需要的信息、文件或材料,以满足第十二条所指的审查要求。

(4) [Events occurring during the period] Events occurring within the period provided for in paragraph (1), such as the filing of another application or the publication or use of the variety that is the subject of the first application, shall not constitute a ground for rejecting the subsequent application. Such events shall also not give rise to any thirdparty right.
 
(4)[本期限内发生的事件](1)款中所规定的期限内发生的事件,例如另提申请或首次申请主体品种的公开或利用,不能成为拒受二次申请的理由。这类事件也不应产生第三方之权利。

 
Article 12 Examination of the Application 第12条申请的审查

Any decision to grant a breeder's right shall require an examination for compliance with the conditions under Articles 5 to 9. In the course of the examination, the authority may grow the variety or carry out other necessary tests, cause the growing of the variety or the carrying out of other necessary tests, or take into account the results of growing tests or other trials which have already been carried out. For the purposes of examination, the authority may require the breeder to furnish all the necessary information, documents or material.
 
决定授予品种权之前,应就其是否符合第五至九条规定进行审查。审查过程中,受理方可自行种植该品种或进行其它必要试验,委托他人进行种植或其它必要试验,或考察业已完成的种植或其它试验的结果。为进行审查,受理方可以要求育种家提供一切必要的信息、文件或材料。

 
Article 13 Provisional Protection 第13条临时性保护

Each Contracting Party shall provide measures designed to safeguard the interests of the breeder during the period between the filing or the publication of the application for the grant of a breeder's right and the grant of that right. Such measures shall have the effect that the holder of a breeder's right shall at least be entitled to equitable remuneration from any person who, during the said period, has carried out acts which, once the right is granted, require the breeder's authorization as provided in Article 14. A Contracting Party may provide that the said measures shall only take effect in relation to persons whom the breeder has notified of the filing of the application.
 
各缔约方应采取措施,在提交或公开申报品种权的申请至正式批准之前的期限内,保护育种家的权益。这类措施应有如下效力,凡在此期间从事根据第十四条规定待申请批准后应由育种家本人授权的有关活动的当事人,至少应给予品种权持有人公平的报偿。缔约方可规定这类措施只适用于育种家已告知其申请的有关人员。

 
CHAPTER V THE RIGHTS OF THE BREEDER 第五章育种家权利(品种权)

 
Article 14 Scope of the Breeder's Right 第14条品种权适用范围

(1) [Acts in respect of the propagating material] (a) Subject to Articles 15 and 16, the following acts in respect of the propagating material of the protected variety shall require the authorization of the breeder:
 
(1)[与繁殖材料有关的活动](a)依照第15和16条,涉及受保护品种繁殖材料的下列活动需育种家授权:

(i) production or reproduction (multiplication),
 
(i)生产或繁殖;

(ii) conditioning for the purpose of propagation,
 
(ii)为繁殖而进行的调整;

(iii) offering for sale,
 
(iii)提供销售;

(iv) selling or other marketing,
 
(iv)销售或其它交易;

(v) exporting,
 
(v)出口;

(vi) importing,
 
(vi)进口;

(vii) stocking for any of the purposes mentioned in (i) to (vi), above.
 
(vii)出于上述(i)至(vi)的目的而提供存货。

(b) The breeder may make his authorization subject to conditions and limitations.
 
(b)育种家可有权附加条件或限制。

(2) [Acts in respect of the harvested material] Subject to Articles 15 and 16, the acts referred to in items (i) to (vii) of paragraph (1)(a) in respect of harvested material, including entire plants and parts of plants, obtained through the unauthorized use of propagating material of the protected variety shall require the authorization of the breeder, unless the breeder has had reasonable opportunity to exercise his right in relation to the said propagating material.
 
(2)[有关收获材料的活动]依照第15和16条,从事(1)款(a)中(i)至(vii)各项活动,涉及由未经授权使用受保护品种的繁殖材料获得的收获材料(包括整株和部分植株)时,应得到育种家授权,但育种家有正当机会能行使其权力的繁殖材料则例外。

(3) [Acts in respect of certain products] Each Contracting Party may provide that, subject to Articles 15 and 16, the acts referred to in items (i) to (vii) of paragraph (1)(a) in respect of products made directly from harvested material of the protected variety falling within the provisions of paragraph (2) through the unauthorized use of the said harvested material shall require the authorization of the breeder, unless the breeder has had reasonable opportunity to exercise his right in relation to the said harvested material.
......
 
(3)[与某些产品有关的活动]依照第15和16条,各缔约方可作出规定,从事(1)款(a)中(i)至(vii)各项活动,在涉及用(2)款中所指由未经授权使用的受保护品种的收获材料直接制作的产品时,应得到育种家授权,育种家能控制该收获材料的情况例外。
......

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