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Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Strengthening Civil Trials and Effectively Guaranteeing the People's Livelihood under the Current Situation [Effective]
最高人民法院关于当前形势下加强民事审判切实保障民生若干问题的通知 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

 
Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Strengthening Civil Trials and Effectively Guaranteeing the People's Livelihood under the Current Situation 

最高人民法院关于当前形势下加强民事审判切实保障民生若干问题的通知


(No. 40 [2012] of the Supreme People's Court, February 15, 2012)
 
(法[2012]40号 2012年2月15日)


The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region:
 
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院,解放军军事法院,新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院:

The year 2012 is special and has important significance in the development process of China, and it is a crucial transitional year for the implementation of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan.” In 2012, the Communist Party of China is to hold its 18th National Congress, which will attract worldwide attention. For the time being, the status of China's overall economic and social development is sound, yet China is also confronted with complicated conditions. Under the new circumstances, the people's courts, in their civil trials, face more challenging tasks of ensuring stable and rapid economic and social development, shoulder greater responsibilities for guaranteeing and improving the people's livelihood and maintaining social harmony and stability, and their functions and roles in promoting the sound development and prosperity of socialist culture are even more prominent. The basic-level courts confront more urgent demands for comprehensively improving their civil trial quality and efficiency. For purposes of actively responding to the new situation regarding current social and economic development and creating a good environment for the successful holding of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this Notice is hereby issued on several issues concerning properly conducting civil trials under the current situation:
 
今年是我国发展进程中具有特殊重要意义的一年,是实施“十二五”规划承上启下的重要一年,我们党将迎来举世瞩目的十八大。当前,我国经济社会发展整体态势良好,但也面临着复杂的局面。在新形势下,人民法院民事审判工作保障经济社会平稳较快发展的任务更加艰巨,保障和改善民生、维护社会和谐稳定的责任更加重大,促进社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的职能作用更加凸显,全面提升基层民事审判工作质效的要求更加紧迫。为积极应对当前经济社会发展的新形势,为党的十八大胜利召开创造良好的环境,现就当前形势下如何做好民事审判工作的若干问题,通知如下:

 
I. Properly trying cases regarding real estate disputes and promoting the implementation of the national real estate macro-control policies. We shall, from the standpoint of safeguarding the solemnity of the law, implementing national control policies, and maintaining stable and rapid economic and social development and, in consideration of the specific circumstances of each case, accurately define the validity of a contract and legally determine the rights and obligations of the parties. We shall strictly apply the principle of changes in circumstances, accurately determine the boundary between changes in circumstances and normal market risks and trade risks, improve the predictability of market acts and the certainty and reliability of contractual interests, and promote the sound development of the real estate market. We shall, by means of civil trials, attentively guide parties to foster correct awareness of market risks and maintain good faith order in market trading. We shall concentrate our efforts on balancing the interests of the parties and resolving conflicts, so as to ensure that the handling of cases achieves sound legal and social effects.   一、妥善审理房地产纠纷,促进国家房地产调控政策贯彻落实。要站在维护法律严肃性、落实国家调控政策,以及维护经济社会平稳较快发展的高度,结合案件具体情况,准确界定合同效力,依法确定当事人的权利义务。要严格适用情事变更原则,正确认定变更的情事与正常的市场风险、交易风险之间的界限,提高市场行为的可预见性和合同利益的确定性与可信赖性,促进房地产市场健康发展。要注意通过民事审判引导当事人树立正确的市场风险意识,维护诚信的市场交易秩序。要在平衡当事人利益、着力化解矛盾上下功夫,确保案件处理取得良好的法律效果和社会效果。

 
II. Properly trying private lending cases and maintaining legal and orderly private lending relationships. We shall, from the standpoint of maintaining the financial security of the nation and guaranteeing sound economic development, unify trial concepts and judging logic, comprehend and master the essence of economic and financial policies of our country in a comprehensive, accurate and timely manner; legally and accurately determine the validity of a private lending act and properly draw lines between legitimate private lending and criminal acts such as fraudulent fund-raising and illegal absorption of funds from the general public; properly analyze the essence of the claims of the parties, determine the validity of the relevant agreements between the parties, protect lawful private lending acts and the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and promote the development of the real economy实体经济. We shall strengthen examinations regarding the authenticity of IOU notes, further specify the allocation of the burden of proof, and exert more effort in the elimination of various usurious loans and the examination of false debts.   二、妥善审理民间借贷案件,维护合法有序的民间借贷关系。要从维护国家金融安全、保障经济健康发展的高度,统一审判理念和裁判思路,全面、准确、及时了解和掌握国家经济、金融政策精神;要依法准确认定民间借贷行为效力,正确划分合法的民间借贷与集资诈骗、非法吸收公众存款等犯罪行为的界限;要正确分析当事人诉讼请求的实质,判断当事人有关约定的效力,保护合法的民间借贷行为以及当事人的合法权益,促进实体经济发展。要加强对借据真实性的审查,进一步明确举证责任的分配,加大对各种形式高利贷的排除力度和对虚假债务的审查力度。

 
III. Properly trying labor dispute cases and maintaining harmonious and stable labor relations. We shall at all times adhere to the concept of attaching equal importance to guaranteeing the survival and development of enterprises and maintaining the lawful rights and interests of workers, integrate the safeguarding of the immediate interests of workers with their long-term and fundamental interests; legally protect the lawful rights and interests of workers, and concurrently strive to promote the sound development of enterprise production. For enterprises that temporarily have funding difficulties but have the potential for development, especially micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, we shall, by means of reconciliation and mediation to the maximum extent, encourage enterprises and workers to weather the hard times. For those enterprises that are entirely without any chance of survival and that damage the rights and interests of workers by the malicious delay of the payment of wages and by other means, we shall accelerate the trial process, intensify property preservation, and legally safeguard the rights and interests of workers.
......
   三、妥善审理劳动争议案件,维护和谐稳定的劳动关系。要始终坚持保障企业生存发展和维护劳动者合法权益并重的理念,把保护劳动者的眼前利益同保障劳动者的长远利益和根本利益结合起来,在依法维护劳动者合法权益的同时,努力促进企业生产的健康发展。对暂时存在资金困难但有发展潜力的企业特别是中小微企业,要尽量通过和解、调解等方式,鼓励企业与劳动者共渡难关。对于生存完全无望且以恶意欠薪等形式损害劳动者权益的企业,要加快审理进度和财产保全的力度,依法保障劳动者的权益。
......

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