|
|
|
The Practice of the "One Country, Two Systems" Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
|
|
“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Practice of the "One Country, Two Systems" Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | | “一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践 |
| (Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China June 2014) | | （中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 2014年6月） |
| Contents | | 目录 |
| Foreword | | 前言 |
| I. Hong Kong's Smooth Return to China | | 一、香港顺利回归祖国的历程 |
| II. Establishment of the Special Administrative Region System in Hong Kong | | 二、特别行政区制度在香港的确立 |
| III. Comprehensive Progress Made in Various Undertakings in the HKSAR | | 三、香港特别行政区各项事业取得全面进步 |
| IV. Efforts Made by the Central Government to Ensure the Prosperity and Development of the HKSAR | | 四、中央政府全力支持香港特别行政区繁荣发展 |
| V. Fully and Accurately Understanding and Implementing the Policy of "One Country, Two Systems" | | 五、全面准确理解和贯彻“一国两制”方针政策 |
| Conclusion | | 结束语 |
| Appendix | | 附录 |
| Foreword | | 前言 |
| "One country, two systems" is a basic state policy the Chinese government has adopted to realize the peaceful reunification of the country. Following this principle, the Chinese government successfully solved the question of Hong Kong through diplomatic negotiations with the British government, and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, fulfilling the common aspiration of the Chinese people for the recovery of Hong Kong. As a result, Hong Kong got rid of colonial rule and returned to the embrace of the motherland, and embarked on the broad road of common development with the mainland, as they complemented each other's advantages. | | “一个国家，两种制度”是中国政府为实现国家和平统一而提出的基本国策。按照“一国两制”方针，中国政府通过与英国政府的外交谈判成功解决历史遗留的香港问题，于1997年7月1日对香港恢复行使主权，实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。香港从此摆脱殖民统治，回到祖国怀抱，走上了与祖国内地优势互补、共同发展的宽广道路。 |
| Hong Kong's return to the motherland turned "one country, two systems" from a scientific concept into vivid reality. The central government strictly adheres to the Basic Law of Hong Kong, earnestly performs its constitutional duties and stands firm in supporting the administration of the chief executive and the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) in accordance with the law. The HKSAR exercises a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the law, and is vested with executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The previous capitalist system and way of life remain unchanged, and most laws continue to apply. Hong Kong continues to prosper, its society remains stable, and full development is being witnessed in all undertakings. The "one country, two systems" policy enjoys growing popularity in Hong Kong, winning the wholehearted support from Hong Kong compatriots as well as people in all other parts of China. It is also thought highly by the international community. | | 香港回归祖国后，“一国两制”由科学构想变成生动现实。中央政府严格按照香港基本法办事，认真履行宪制责任，坚定支持香港特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政；香港特别行政区依法实行高度自治，享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权，继续保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式不变，法律基本不变，继续保持繁荣稳定，各项事业全面发展。“一国两制”在香港日益深入人心，得到包括香港同胞在内的全国人民的衷心拥护和国际社会的广泛好评。 |
| "One country, two systems" is a new domain in which we constantly explore new possibilities and make new progress in pioneering spirit. A summary of the policy's implementation in the HKSAR, and a comprehensive and correct understanding and implementation of the policy will prove useful for safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests, for maintaining long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong, and for further promoting the "one country, two systems" practice along the correct track of development. | | “一国两制”作为一项新生事物，需要在实践中不断探索、开拓前进。回顾总结“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践历程，全面准确地理解和贯彻“一国两制”方针政策， 有利于维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，有利于保持香港长期繁荣稳定，有利于继续推动“一国两制”实践沿着正确的轨道向前发展。 |
| I. Hong Kong's Smooth Return to China | | 一、香港顺利回归祖国的历程 |
| In the early 1980s, China's state leader Deng Xiaoping put forward the scientific concept known as "one country, two systems" in an effort to realize the peaceful reunification of China, and this ingenious design was first applied to solve the question of Hong Kong. According to Deng Xiaoping, "one country, two systems" means there is only but one China and under this premise the mainland adheres to the socialist system while Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan may retain their capitalist systems over a long time to come. | | 20世纪80年代初，为实现国家和平统一，国家领导人邓小平创造性地提出了“一国两制”的科学构想，并首先用于解决香港问题。按照邓小平的论述，“一国两制”是指在一个中国的前提下，国家的主体坚持社会主义制度，香港、澳门、台湾保持原有的资本主义制度长期不变。 |
| On December 4, 1982, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress (NPC) endorsed a new Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Its Article 31 provides, "The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People's Congress in the light of the specific conditions." Giving expression to the "one country, two systems" concept, this Article provides the constitutional basis for the establishment of special administrative regions in certain areas that adopt different social systems and different policies from those on the mainland, as the Chinese government makes efforts to realize the peaceful reunification of China. After in-depth investigations and research, the Chinese government formulated 12 basic policies regarding the question of Hong Kong, known as the "12 Principles," in early 1983. The main contents were: (1) The Chinese government decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong as of July 1, 1997. (2) After resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the central government would establish a special administrative region in Hong Kong in accordance with the provisions in Article 31 of the Constitution. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region would be directly under the authority of the Central People's Government and would enjoy a high degree of autonomy. (3) The HKSAR would be vested with legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The laws, decrees and regulations currently in force in Hong Kong would remain basically unchanged. (4) The government of the HKSAR would be composed of local inhabitants. The principal officials would be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government. Those previously working in the public and police services in the government departments of Hong Kong may remain in employment. British and other foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers to government departments of the HKSAR. (5) The current social and economic systems in Hong Kong would remain unchanged, and so would the life-style. Freedoms, including those of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of travel, of movement, of correspondence, and of religious belief would be ensured in the HKSAR. Private property, ownership of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and foreign investment would be protected by law. (6) The HKSAR would retain the status of a free port and a separate customs territory. (7) The HKSAR would retain the status of a financial center, and its markets for foreign exchange, gold, securities and futures would continue. There would continue to be a free flow of capital, and the Hong Kong dollar would continue to circulate and remain freely convertible. (8) The HKSAR would have independent finances. (9) The HKSAR may establish mutually beneficial economic relations with the United Kingdom, whose economic interests in Hong Kong would be given due regard. (10) Using the name "Hong Kong, China," the HKSAR may on its own maintain and develop economic and cultural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states, regions and relevant international organizations. The government of the HKSAR may itself issue travel documents for entry into and exit from Hong Kong. (11) The maintenance of public order in the HKSAR would be the responsibility of the government of the HKSAR. And (12) the above-stated policies would be stipulated in the Basic Law of the HKSAR by the NPC of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and they would remain unchanged for 50 years. | | 1982年12月4日，第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过并公布施行的《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十一条规定：国家在必要时得设立特别行政区。在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。这体现了“一国两制”构想，为中国政府在实现国家和平统一时，在某些区域设立实行不同于内地的制度和政策的特别行政区提供了直接的宪法依据。在经过深入的调查研究后，1983年初，中国政府就解决香港问题形成了十二条基本方针政策。“十二条”包括：1.中国政府决定于1997年7月1日对香港地区恢复行使主权。2.恢复行使主权后，根据宪法第三十一条规定，在香港设立特别行政区，直辖于中央人民政府，享有高度自治权。3.特别行政区享有立法权，有独立的司法权和终审权。现行的法律、法令、条例基本不变。4.特别行政区政府由当地人组成。主要官员在当地通过选举或协商产生，由中央人民政府委任。原香港政府各部门的公务、警务人员可予留任。特别行政区各机构也可聘请英国及其他外籍人士担任顾问。5.现行的社会、经济制度不变，生活方式不变。保障言论、出版、集会、结社、旅行、迁徙、通信自由和宗教信仰自由。私人财产、企业所有权、合法继承权以及外来投资均受法律保护。6.香港特别行政区仍为自由港和独立关税地区。7.保持金融中心地位，继续开放外汇、黄金、证券、期货等市场，资金进出自由，港币照常流通，自由兑换。8.特别行政区财政保持独立。9.特别行政区可同英国建立互惠经济关系。英国在香港的经济利益将得到照顾。10.特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义，单独地同世界各国、各地区以及有关国际组织保持和发展经济、文化关系，签订协议。特别行政区政府可自行签发出入香港的旅行证件。11.特别行政区的社会治安由特别行政区政府负责。12.上述方针政策，由全国人民代表大会以香港特别行政区基本法规定之，50年不变。 |
| During his meeting with the visiting British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on September 24, 1982, Deng Xiaoping made clear the Chinese government's position on the question of Hong Kong, pointing out that sovereignty was not a matter for discussion and that China would take back Hong Kong in 1997. It was under this premise that China and Britain would negotiate to ensure the smooth transfer of Hong Kong and clarify what was to be done about Hong Kong 15 years later. This marked the beginning of the negotiations between China and Britain on the question of Hong Kong. On December 19, 1984, after 22 rounds of negotiations, the governments of China and Britain signed the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong in Beijing, confirming that the government of the PRC would resume its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from July 1, 1997. The Chinese government also made clear in the Joint Declaration its basic policies regarding Hong Kong based on the "12 Principles." The signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration marked the entry of Hong Kong into a 13-year transition period before its return to China. During this period, the Chinese government unswervingly followed the "one country, two systems" policy, closely relied on the Hong Kong compatriots, and resolutely held off interference to promote the preparation work for Hong Kong's return. | | 1982年9月24日，邓小平会见来访的英国首相撒切尔夫人，阐明了中国政府对香港问题的基本立场，指出主权问题不是一个可以讨论的问题，1997年中国将收回香港。在这个前提下，中英两国磋商解决香港如何过渡得好以及15年后香港怎么办的问题。这标志着中英关于香港问题的谈判拉开序幕。1984年12月19日，中英两国政府经过22轮谈判后，在北京正式签署《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明》，确认中华人民共和国政府于1997年7月1日对香港恢复行使主权。中国政府还在联合声明中阐明以“十二条”为核心内容的对香港的基本方针政策。中英联合声明的签署，标志着香港进入回归祖国前的过渡期。在13年的过渡期内，中国政府坚定不移地遵循“一国两制”方针政策，紧紧依靠香港同胞，坚决排除各种干扰，有条不紊地推进对香港恢复行使主权的各项准备工作。 |
| On April 10, 1985, the Third Session of the Sixth NPC decided to form the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR of the PRC. In July, the Drafting Committee began its work. It completed its mission in February 1990, taking four years and eight months to develop the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The drafting of the Basic Law of Hong Kong was highly democratic and open, and the compatriots of Hong Kong were widely involved. Twenty-three of the 59 members of the Drafting Committee came from various walks of life in Hong Kong, and the Drafting Committee entrusted its Hong Kong members to set up a 180-member counseling committee in Hong Kong to collect the views and opinions of the people of Hong Kong. In April 1988, the Drafting Committee published the Basic Law of Hong Kong (draft) for comments, and in February 1989 the Standing Committee of the NPC made public the Basic Law of the HKSAR (draft) and twice widely solicited views in Hong Kong and on the mainland. People from all walks of life in Hong Kong and the mainland took active part in the deliberation and discussion of the draft, and in Hong Kong alone nearly 80,000 files of views and comments were collected. The Basic Law of Hong Kong embodies the common will of all Chinese people, including Hong Kong compatriots, and encapsulates the wisdom of the Chinese nation. | | 1985年4月10日，第六届全国人大第三次会议决定成立中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会，负责起草香港基本法。同年7月起草委员会开始工作，1990年2月完成起草任务，历时四年零八个月。香港基本法的起草过程高度民主、开放，广大香港同胞积极参与起草工作。在起草委员会59名委员中，来自香港各方面的人士有23名。起草委员会还委托香港委员在香港成立由180位各界人士组成的基本法咨询委员会，广泛收集香港社会各界的意见和建议。1988年4月，起草委员会公布香港基本法（草案）征求意见稿；1989年2月，全国人大常委会公布香港基本法（草案），先后两次在香港和内地广泛征求意见。香港和内地社会各界人士踊跃参与讨论，其中，仅香港人士就提出近8万份意见和建议。香港基本法体现了包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的共同意志，凝聚了广大中华儿女的集体智慧。 |
| On April 4, 1990, the Third Session of the Seventh NPC passed the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and made the decision to establish the HKSAR. The Basic Law of the HKSAR is a basic law formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. It stipulates the system and policies to be instituted in the HKSAR, and is the legalization and institutionalization of the "one country, two systems" policy. It also provides a legal basis for the implementation of "one country, two systems" in the HKSAR. The Basic Law was lauded by Deng Xiaoping as a "law of historic and international significance" and "a creative masterpiece." | | 1990年4月4日，第七届全国人大第三次会议通过《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》，同时作出设立香港特别行政区的决定。香港基本法是根据宪法制定的基本法律，规定了在香港特别行政区实行的制度和政策，是“一国两制”方针政策的法律化、制度化，为“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践提供了法律保障。邓小平高度评价香港基本法，称它是“具有历史意义和国际意义的法律”，是“具有创造性的杰作”。 |
| Following the promulgation of the Basic Law, the Chinese government began preparation work for the establishment of the HKSAR. In July 1993, the NPC Standing Committee authorized the formation of the Preliminary Working Commission of the Preparatory Committee of the HKSAR (the Preliminary Working Commission). In January 1996, the Preparatory Committee of the HKSAR of the NPC (the Preparatory Committee) was established. Both the commission and the committee did a great deal of work for the smooth transition and transfer of government in Hong Kong. | | 香港基本法颁布后，中国政府着手筹备成立香港特别行政区的工作。1993年7月，全国人大常委会设立香港特别行政区筹备委员会预备工作委员会（预委会）；1996年1月，全国人民代表大会香港特别行政区筹备委员会（筹委会）成立。预委会和筹委会为实现香港平稳过渡和政权顺利交接做了大量工作。 |
| On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. At the same time, the HKSAR was established and the Basic Law came into effect. Hong Kong entered a new epoch characterized by "one country, two systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy. As members of the big Chinese family, the people of Hong Kong and the people of the mainland share the pride and glory of the great mother country, and bear the common responsibility and mission of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. | | 1997年7月1日，中国政府对香港恢复行使主权，香港特别行政区成立，基本法开始实施。香港进入了“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的历史新纪元。作为祖国大家庭的一分子，香港同胞与内地民众共享伟大祖国的尊严与荣耀，共担中华民族伟大复兴的责任和使命。 |
| II. Establishment of the Special Administrative Region System in Hong Kong | | 二、特别行政区制度在香港的确立 |
| The system of the special administrative region, as prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, is a special administrative system developed by the state for certain regions. Under this system, the central government exercises overall jurisdiction over the HKSAR, including the powers directly exercised by the central government, and the powers delegated to the HKSAR by the central government to enable it to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the law. The central government has the power of oversight over the exercise of a high degree of autonomy in the HKSAR. | | 宪法和香港基本法规定的特别行政区制度是国家对某些区域采取的特殊管理制度。在这一制度下，中央拥有对香港特别行政区的全面管治权，既包括中央直接行使的权力，也包括授权香港特别行政区依法实行高度自治。对于香港特别行政区的高度自治权，中央具有监督权力。 |
| 1. The Central Leadership Directly Exercises Jurisdiction over the HKSAR in Accordance with the Law | | （一）中央依法直接行使管治权 |
| As prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the organs of power by which the central leadership directly exercises jurisdiction over the HKSAR are the NPC and its Standing Committee, the president of the state, the Central People's Government, and the Central Military Commission. The NPC decided on the establishment of the HKSAR, formulated the Basic Law of the HKSAR to prescribe the system to be instituted in the HKSAR, and has the power of amendment to the Basic Law. The NPC Standing Committee has the power of interpretation regarding the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the power of decision on revising the selection methods of the chief executive and the Legislative Council of the HKSAR, the power of supervision over the laws formulated by the legislative organs of the HKSAR, the power of decision on the HKSAR entering a state of emergency, and the power of making new authorization for the HKSAR. The HKSAR comes directly under the Central People's Government, and its chief executive is accountable to the Central People's Government. The Central People's Government appoints the chief executive and the principal officials, is responsible for foreign affairs relating to the HKSAR in accordance with the law, and issues directives to the chief executive. The Central Military Commission is the leading body of the Hong Kong garrison, and performs defense and other duties. The central authorities perform overall jurisdiction and constitutional duties as prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and in the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and exercise effective administration over the HKSAR. | | 根据宪法和香港基本法的规定，中央直接行使对香港特别行政区管治权的权力主体包括全国人民代表大会及其常委会、国家主席、中央人民政府、中央军事委员会。全国人大决定香港特别行政区的设立，制定香港基本法以规定在香港特别行政区实行的制度，并拥有基本法的修改权。全国人大常委会拥有香港基本法的解释权，对香港特别行政区行政长官产生办法和立法会产生办法修改的决定权，对香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律的监督权，对香港特别行政区进入紧急状态的决定权，以及向香港特别行政区作出新授权的权力。香港特别行政区直辖于中央人民政府，行政长官向中央人民政府负责，中央人民政府拥有任命行政长官和主要官员、依法管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务、向行政长官发出指令的权力。中央军事委员会领导香港驻军，履行防务职责，等等。中央依法履行宪法和香港基本法赋予的全面管治权和宪制责任，有效管治香港特别行政区。 |
| -Forming the power organs of the HKSAR. Prior to the return of Hong Kong, the Preparatory Committee of the HKSAR completed the organization of the Selection Committee of the First Government of the HKSAR. The Selection Committee elected Tung Chee-hwa as the first chief executive of the HKSAR, and then the Central People's Government appointed him as the chief executive. The Selection Committee also elected members of the interim Legislative Council. The first chief executive, Tung Chee-hwa, appointed the judges of the Court of Final Appeal, and the chief justice of the High Court. The completion of the above work ensured the effective administration of the HKSAR by the central leadership upon its establishment. After the return of Hong Kong to China, the Central People's Government appointed Tung Chee-hwa, Donald Tsang and Leung Chun-ying, all elected, as chief executives of the HKSAR in that order, and appointed and dismissed key officials of their administrations. China's state leaders attended the inauguration ceremonies of the chief executives and key government officials, and heard them take their oaths of office. | | --组建香港特别行政区政权机关。回归前夕，香港特别行政区筹备委员会完成组建香港特别行政区第一届政府推选委员会，推选委员会选举董建华为香港特别行政区第一任行政长官人选，随后中央人民政府任命其为特别行政区首任行政长官；推选委员会还选举产生临时立法会议员；首任行政长官董建华任命终审法院法官和高等法院首席法官。上述工作的完成，确保了中央在香港特别行政区成立时即实施有效管治。香港回归后，中央人民政府先后任命经选举产生的行政长官人选董建华、曾荫权、梁振英为第二至第四任行政长官，还任免了历届香港特别行政区政府主要官员。国家领导人出席行政长官和政府主要官员就职典礼并监督他们宣誓。 |
| -Supporting and guiding the administration of the chief executive and government of the HKSAR in accordance with the law. The chief executive reports his/her work to the central government on an annual basis, on the implementation of the Basic Law and other items for which he/she is accountable to the central government; and the state leaders give guidance to the chief executive on major matters related to the implementation of the Basic Law. The central government has established the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council as an administrative office of the State Council to handle Hong Kong and Macau affairs. The office works to implement the "one country, two systems" principle and related directives of the central government, and is responsible for communicating with the government of the HKSAR. The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the HKSAR is a resident organ of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong. Its duties involve communication with the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the HKSAR and the PLA Hong Kong Garrison, the promotion of exchanges and cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland in various areas, communication with personages from all sectors of Hong Kong society, and the handling of affairs involving Taiwan. | | --支持指导香港特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政。行政长官每年向中央政府述职，报告基本法贯彻执行情况等须向中央政府负责的事项，国家领导人就贯彻落实基本法的重大事项对行政长官予以指导。中央政府设立国务院港澳事务办公室作为国务院处理港澳事务的办事机构，负责贯彻执行“一国两制”方针政策和中央的有关指示，承担与香港特别行政区政府的工作联系等职责；设立中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区联络办公室作为中央政府驻港机构，履行联系外交部驻港特派员公署和香港驻军、促进香港与内地各领域的交流与合作、联系香港社会各界人士、处理有关涉台事务等职责。 |
| -Responsible for foreign affairs involving the HKSAR. First, the central leadership supports the HKSAR in actively carrying out international exchanges and cooperation; supports and assists the HKSAR in participating in international organizations and conferences in a proper capacity; assists the HKSAR in bidding to host important international conferences of various kinds, and supports the HKSAR in developing international conference centers, regional legal services and dispute settlement centers; supports the recommendation of Hong Kong residents to take up posts in international organizations; supports the promotion of visa waivers for HKSAR passport holders in other countries and regions; and supports the work of trade offices of the HKSAR government in other countries and regions. Second, the role of the central leadership also includes properly handling legal issues involving Hong Kong, such as the application of international conventions in Hong Kong. The number of multilateral treaties and amendments that have become applicable in the HKSAR now exceeds 170, and the number of agreements concluded with other countries with the authorization of the central government regarding investment protection, civil aviation, taxation and judicial assistance has reached 338. The central government assists the HKSAR in accepting reviews on the implementation of international conventions, supports it in maintaining and developing ties, and in signing and implementing treaties and agreements with other countries, regions and related international organizations in the name of "Hong Kong, China" in the areas of economy, trade, finance, maritime transport, communications, tourism, culture and sports. It also authorizes and assists Hong Kong in conducting judicial cooperation with other countries. Third, it ratifies the establishment of consulates and other governmental or quasi-governmental organizations of foreign countries in the HKSAR. Currently, there are 66 consulates-general set up by foreign countries under related agreements in the HKSAR, with 73 honorary consuls. Fourth, it strives to ensure the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Hong Kong compatriots while in other countries, and actively offers consular protection to Hong Kong travelers abroad. By the end of 2013, Chinese embassies and consulates overseas had handled over 10,000 cases of consular protection involving Hong Kong residents. Fifth, it prevents foreign forces from interfering in Hong Kong's affairs. Hong Kong's affairs are internal affairs of China, and the Chinese government has made timely representations with certain countries through diplomatic channels regarding their words and actions of interference. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has established the Office of the Commissioner in the HKSAR to attend to foreign affairs involving Hong Kong. | | --负责管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务。第一，支持香港特别行政区积极开展对外交往与合作。支持和协助香港以适当身份参与国际组织和国际会议。协助香港申办各类重要国际会议，支持香港发展国际会展中心、区域法律服务和纠纷解决中心。支持推荐香港人士到国际组织任职，支持香港特别行政区护照在其他国家和地区获得免签待遇，支持香港特别行政区政府驻外经贸办事处开展工作。第二，妥善处理国际条约在香港特别行政区的适用等条约法律问题。办理香港新适用的多边条约及修正案超过170项。授权香港对外缔结投资保护、民航、税收、司法协助类协定338项。协助香港接受国际公约履约审议。支持香港在经济、贸易、金融、航运、通讯、旅游、文化、体育等领域以“中国香港”的名义单独同世界各国、各地区及有关国际组织保持和发展关系，签订和履行有关协议。授权和协助香港对外开展司法合作。第三，审批外国在香港特别行政区设立领事机构或其他官方、半官方机构。目前，外国在香港协议设立的总领事馆达66个、名誉领事73位。第四，全力维护香港同胞在海外的安全与合法权益，积极开展涉港领事保护工作。据不完全统计，截至2013年底，中国驻外使领馆共处理万余起涉港领保案。第五，防范和遏制外部势力干预香港事务。香港事务是中国内政，针对个别国家的干预言行，中央政府及时通过外交渠道进行交涉。外交部在香港特别行政区设立特派员公署，处理外交事务。 |
| -Responsible for the defense of the HKSAR. The central leadership made the decision and authorized the formation of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison in January 1996, and on December 30 the same year, the 23rd Session of the Eighth NPC Standing Committee adopted the Law of the People's Republic of China on Garrisoning the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. At midnight on July 1, 1997, troops of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison entered Hong Kong to take over the defense of the HKSAR. The Garrison's duties include guarding against and resisting aggression, ensuring the security of the HKSAR, performing defense services, managing military installations, and handling military affairs involving other countries in accordance with the law. The Garrison adheres to the law in performing its duties, and oversees military conduct in accordance with the law. It diligently fulfills its duties in defense, organizing sea and air patrols and carrying out search and rescue exercises in case of maritime or air emergencies, joint exercises of combined arms, and cross-district maneuvers, vigorously safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Garrison also actively takes part in activities to promote the public good in Hong Kong, inviting local residents to visit the Garrison barracks and holding summer military camps for young students, in an effort to strengthen ties between the Garrison and the local community. All this has helped enhance the mutual understanding and trust between the Garrison and the people of Hong Kong, fully exemplifying the valor and good conduct of the PLA. | | --负责管理香港特别行政区的防务。经中央决定并于1996年1月组建中国人民解放军驻香港部队。1996年12月30日，第八届全国人大常委会第二十三次会议通过《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区驻军法》。1997年7月1日零时，香港驻军进驻香港，依法履行防备和抵抗侵略、保卫香港特别行政区的安全，担负防卫勤务，管理军事设施，承办有关的涉外军事事宜等防务职责。香港驻军坚持依法驻军、依法治军，认真完成各项防务任务，组织海空巡逻、海空难搜救演习、诸军兵种联合演习、跨营区机动演练等军事行动，为维护国家主权和领土完整提供了有力保障。香港驻军还踊跃参加香港社会公益活动，开展军营开放、举办香港青少年军事夏令营等活动，加强军地互访联系，增进香港驻军与香港居民的相互了解和信任，充分展现了威武之师、文明之师的良好形象。 |
| -Exercising power granted to the NPC Standing Committee by the Constitution of the PRC and the Basic Law of the HKSAR. First, the NPC Standing Committee keeps record of the laws drawn up by the legislature of the HKSAR for review. By the end of 2013, the HKSAR had reported a total of 570 local laws to the NPC Standing Committee for the record. Second, it adds or subtracts national laws applicable in the HKSAR as listed in Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR. Currently, 12 national laws are listed in Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR for implementation. Third, it makes new authorizations to the HKSAR. In 1996, the NPC Standing Committee empowered the HKSAR government to appoint its immigration department as the office to accept applications for nationality in the HKSAR and handle the applications in accordance with the Nationality Law and its interpretations. In 2006, the NPC Standing Committee authorized the HKSAR to run the Hong Kong section of the Shenzhen Bay Port in accordance with the laws of the HKSAR. Fourth, it makes interpretations regarding the Basic Law of the HKSAR. The NPC Standing Committee made interpretations of the related articles of the Basic Law in 1999, 2004, 2005 and 2011 on the following questions respectively: the right of abode in Hong Kong for permanent Hong Kong residents' children born outside Hong Kong and with Chinese nationality, the legal procedure for modifying the selection methods of the chief executive and the Legislative Council, the length of the term of a by-elected chief executive, and the principles of state immunity, and interpretations of relevant provisions in the Basic Law and its appendixes. Fifth, it decides on issues relating to the constitutional development in the HKSAR. The NPC Standing Committee made decisions in 2004 and 2007, respectively, on the selection method of the chief executive for 2007 and the Legislative Council for 2008, and the selection method of the chief executive, the Legislative Council and the general election for 2012. Sixth, it ratifies and keeps record of the amendments to the selection methods of the chief executive and Legislative Council of the HKSAR. In 2010, the NPC Standing Committee ratified the HKSAR's amendment to the selection method of the chief executive for 2012, agreeing to put on record the amendment to the selection method and voting procedure of the Legislative Council for 2012. Seventh, it keeps records of the appointment and removal of the judges of the Court of Final Appeal and the chief judge of the High Court of the HKSAR. In addition, according to the Basic Law of the HKSAR and relevant decisions of the NPC, the Basic Law Committee of the HKSAR of the NPC Standing Committee, established on July 1, 1997, when the Basic Law came into effect, is composed of members from the mainland and Hong Kong, and is responsible for providing opinions to the NPC Standing Committee on issues such as whether the laws drawn up by the HKSAR's legislature comply with the provisions of the Basic Law on the range of affairs responsible by the central government and the relationship between the central government and the HKSAR, on adding or subtracting the national laws applicable in Hong Kong as listed in Annex III and on the interpretation or revision of the Basic Law, and related issues. | | --行使宪法和香港基本法赋予全国人大常委会的职权。第一，对香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律予以备案审查。截至2013年底，全国人大常委会收到香港特别行政区报请备案的法律共570件。第二，对香港基本法附件三所列在特别行政区实施的全国性法律作出增减决定。目前，共有12部全国性法律列入香港基本法附件三，并在香港实施。第三，对香港特别行政区作出新的授权。1996年，全国人大常委会即授权香港特别行政区政府指定其入境事务处为香港特别行政区受理国籍申请的机关，根据国籍法及其解释规定对所有国籍申请事宜作出处理。2006年，全国人大常委会授权香港对深圳湾口岸港方口岸区依照特别行政区法律实施管辖。第四，对香港基本法作出解释。全国人大常委会先后于1999年、2004年、2005年、2011年分别就香港永久性居民在香港以外所生中国籍子女等的居留权问题、行政长官产生办法和立法会产生办法修改的法律程序问题、补选产生的行政长官的任期问题和国家豁免原则等问题，对基本法及其附件的有关条款作出解释。第五，对香港特别行政区政制发展问题作出决定。全国人大常委会2004年对香港特别行政区2007年行政长官和2008年立法会产生办法有关问题作出决定；2007年对香港特别行政区2012年行政长官和立法会产生办法及有关普选问题作出决定。第六，批准和备案香港特别行政区行政长官和立法会产生办法修正案。2010年，批准香港特别行政区2012年行政长官产生办法修正案，同意将2012年立法会产生办法和表决程序修正案予以备案。第七，对香港特别行政区终审法院法官和高等法院首席法官的任命或免职进行备案，等等。此外，根据香港基本法和全国人大有关决定，1997年7月1日香港基本法实施时设立的全国人大常委会香港基本法委员会，由内地和香港人士共同组成，负责就香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律是否符合基本法关于中央管理的事务及中央和香港特别行政区的关系的条款、对附件三所列适用于香港的全国性法律的增减以及基本法的解释或修改等问题，向全国人大常委会提供意见。 |
| 2. The HKSAR Exercises a High Degree of Autonomy in Accordance with the Law | | （二）香港特别行政区依法实行高度自治 |
| After the establishment of the HKSAR, the previous capitalist system and way of life remain unchanged in Hong Kong, and existing laws remain basically unchanged. Adhering to the law, the HKSAR protects the right of ownership of private property, maintains the status of Hong Kong as a free port and a separate customs territory, maintains independent finances, practices an independent taxation system, and formulates its own policies regarding trade, finance, education, science, culture, public health and sports. In accordance with the Basic Law of the HKSAR and the decision of the NPC Standing Committee on handling the laws previously practiced in Hong Kong, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong, that is, the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law are maintained, except for any that contravene the Basic Law and are subject to any amendment by the legislature of the HKSAR. On this basis, the HKSAR exercises a high degree of autonomy, and fully exercises its administrative, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. | | 香港特别行政区成立后，保持原有资本主义制度和生活方式不变，法律基本不变。特别行政区依法保护私有财产权，保持自由港和单独关税区地位、保持财政独立，实行独立的税收制度，自行制定经贸、金融和教科文卫体政策，等等。根据香港基本法和全国人大常委会关于处理香港原有法律的决定，香港原有法律，即普通法、衡平法、条例、附属立法和习惯法，除同香港基本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区立法机关作出修改者外，予以保留。在此基础上，香港特别行政区依法实行高度自治，充分行使行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。 |
| The chief executive of the HKSAR is the head of the Special Administrative Region. He/she represents the HKSAR and is accountable to both the Central People's Government and the HKSAR. The chief executive is also the head of the government of the Special Administrative Region, and exercises powers and functions conferred by the Basic Law, such as leading the government of the region and being responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law. While exercising his/her powers and functions, the chief executive shall implement the directives issued by the Central People's Government in respect of the relevant matters provided for in the Basic Law of the HKSAR. The government of the HKSAR is composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Basic Law, with a Department of Administration, a Department of Finance, a Department of Justice, and various bureaus, divisions and commissions to exercise powers and functions such as formulating and implementing policies and conducting administrative affairs, as prescribed by the Basic Law. The HKSAR enjoys administrative power in a wide range of areas, including the economy, education, science, culture, sports, religion, social services, public order, and control of entry and exit of the region. In addition, the HKSAR conducts external affairs as authorized by the Central People's Government. | | 香港特别行政区行政长官是特别行政区的首长，代表香港特别行政区，既对中央人民政府负责又对香港特别行政区负责。行政长官还是特别行政区政府的首长，依法履行基本法授予的领导特别行政区政府、负责执行基本法以及其他各项职权。行政长官在行使职权时须执行中央人民政府就香港基本法有关事项发出的指令。特别行政区政府由香港永久性居民依照基本法有关规定组成，设政务司、财政司、律政司和各局、处、署，行使基本法规定的制定和执行政策、管理各项行政事务等职权。特别行政区享有的行政管理权极为广泛，涵盖经济、教育、科学、文化、体育、宗教、社会服务、社会治安、出入境管理等领域。此外，根据中央政府的授权，特别行政区还享有一定的对外事务权。 |
| The Legislative Council of the HKSAR is the legislature of the HKSAR. It is formed by election, and exercises the following powers and functions in accordance with the Basic Law: enacting, amending or repealing laws in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law and legal procedures; examining and approving budgets introduced by the government, and approving taxation and public expenditure, among others. The HKSAR enjoys legislative power in a wide range of areas, and is empowered to formulate laws relating to civil, criminal and commercial affairs, as well as judicial proceedings, for application in the region in accordance with the Basic Law. The laws drawn up by the Legislative Council of the HKSAR must be reported to the NPC Standing Committee for the record. If the NPC Standing Committee, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the region is not in conformity with the provisions of the Basic Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the central leadership or regarding the relationship between the central leadership and the region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it. Any law returned by the NPC Standing Committee is immediately invalidated. | | 香港特别行政区立法会是特别行政区的立法机关，经选举产生并根据基本法行使职权，包括根据基本法规定并依照法定程序制定、修改和废除法律；根据政府的提案，审核、通过财政预算；批准税收和公共开支等。特别行政区享有的立法权也极为广泛，可以依照基本法制定民事、刑事、商事和诉讼程序等各方面适用于特别行政区的法律。特别行政区立法会制定的法律须报全国人大常委会备案。全国人大常委会在征询香港基本法委员会后，如认为特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律不符合基本法关于中央管理的事务及中央和特别行政区的关系的条款，可将有关法律发回，但不作修改。经全国人大常委会发回的法律立即失效。 |
| The courts of the HKSAR at all levels are the judiciary of the region, exercising the judicial power of the region. After the establishment of the HKSAR, the Court of Final Appeal was established to exercise the power of final adjudication in the region. The judicial system previously practiced in Hong Kong is maintained except for those changes consequent upon the establishment of the Court of Final Appeal. The common law and relevant judicial principles and systems previously practiced in Hong Kong, including the principle of independent adjudication, the principle of following precedents, and the jury system, continue to apply. The courts of the HKSAR have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs. They have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases in the region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong are maintained. When adjudicating cases, the courts of the HKSAR may refer to precedents of other common law jurisdictions, and the Court of Final Appeal may as required invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit in the Court of Final Appeal. | | 香港特别行政区各级法院是特别行政区的司法机关，依法独立行使审判权。特别行政区成立后，设立终审法院行使特别行政区的终审权。原在香港实行的司法体制，除因设立终审法院而产生变化外，予以保留。原在香港实施的普通法及相关的司法原则和制度，包括独立审判原则、遵循先例原则、陪审制度原则等延续实行。特别行政区法院对国防、外交等国家行为无管辖权，除继续保持香港原有法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制外，对特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。特别行政区法院审判案件时可参考其他普通法适用地区的司法判例，终审法院可根据需要邀请其他普通法适用地区的法官参加审判。 |
| III. Comprehensive Progress Made in Various Undertakings in the HKSAR | | 三、香港特别行政区各项事业取得全面进步 |
| Since the establishment of the HKSAR, the government of the Special Administrative Region has, with energetic support from the central government and the mainland, rallied people of all walks of life in Hong Kong, worked hard and overcome difficulties, made full use of the advantage of the policy of "one country, two systems," maintained overall social, economic and political stability, promoted the development of all undertakings and made new achievements one after another. | | 香港特别行政区成立以来，在中央政府和祖国内地的大力支持下，特别行政区政府团结带领香港各界人士，攻坚克难，砥砺奋进，充分发挥“一国两制”的制度优势，保持香港社会经济政治大局稳定，推动各项事业向前发展，不断取得新成就、新进步。 |
| -HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms are fully protected. Hong Kong residents enjoy basic rights and freedoms in accordance with the law, which are under the full protection of the Constitution, the Basic Law and the local laws. The Constitution and the Basic Law safeguard the HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms at the constitutional level. The HKSAR provides further protection to residents' rights and freedoms by enacting the Sex Discrimination Ordinance, Race Discrimination Ordinance, Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) Ordinance, Minimum Wage Ordinance and other ordinances. A multitude of organs, including the Equal Opportunity Commission, Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Office of the Ombudsman, Legal Aid Department, Independent Police Complaints Council, Legal Aid Services Council, Women's Commission and Commission on Poverty, have been set up by the HKSAR government to help promote and protect HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms.In addition, the Basic Law explicitly stipulates that Chinese citizens who are residents of the HKSAR shall be entitled to participation in the management of state affairs according to law. In accordance with the assigned number of seats and the selection method specified by the NPC, the Chinese citizens among the HKSAR residents elect deputies of the region to the NPC to participate in the work of China's supreme organ of state power. The HKSAR has held in succession four such elections and 36 deputies were elected each time by the broadly representative Conference for Electing Deputies of the HKSAR to the NPC. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) always values the participation of Hong Kong compatriots. Aside from specially inviting Hong Kong personages, other CPPCC groups also include representatives from Hong Kong. The 12th CPPCC National Committee had a 124-member Hong Kong group, and 16 other CPPCC groups had 82 members from Hong Kong. | | --香港居民的基本权利和自由得到充分保护。香港居民依法享有的基本权利和自由，受到宪法、香港基本法以及香港本地法律的充分保障。宪法和香港基本法从宪制层面确保了香港特别行政区居民的基本权利和自由，香港特别行政区还通过实施《性别歧视条例》、《种族歧视条例》、《个人资料（私隐）条例》、《独立监察警方处理投诉委员会条例》、《最低工资条例》等法例，为香港居民的权利和自由提供进一步保障。特别行政区政府设立平等机会委员会、个人资料私隐专员公署、申诉专员公署、法律援助署、独立监察警方处理投诉委员会、法律援助服务局、妇女委员会、扶贫委员会等多个机构，协助推广、保护居民的基本权利和自由。 |
-The democratic political system has been steadily promoted. Before the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the United Kingdom designated governors to enforce colonial rule over Hong Kong for more than 150 years. Since 1997, the HKSAR government and the legislature have been composed of local residents. The chief executive of the HKSAR is appointed by the Central People's Government on the basis of the results of elections or consultations held locally; the legislature of the HKSAR is established by elections. The Basic Law of the HKSAR explicitly stipulates that the chief executive and all the members of the Legislative Council must be elected by universal suffrage, making universal suffrage a legal objective. Since the establishment of the HKSAR, the central government and the HKSAR government have unswervingly and steadily promoted Hong Kong's democratic political system, featuring the election methods for the chief executive and the Legislative Council, according to the Basic Law and relevant decisions of the NPC Standing Committee.
．．．．．． | | 此外，香港基本法明确规定，香港特别行政区居民中的中国公民依法参与国家事务的管理。根据全国人大确定的名额和代表产生办法，由香港居民中的中国公民选出香港特别行政区的全国人大代表，参加最高国家权力机关的工作。香港特别行政区先后举行四届全国人大代表选举，每届均由具有广泛代表性的全国人大代表选举会议选举产生36名代表。中国人民政治协商会议历来重视吸收香港同胞参加，除特邀香港人士界别外，其他一些界别也吸收香港社会代表性人士。政协第十二届全国委员会特邀香港人士界别有香港地区委员124人，其他16个界别有香港地区委员82人。
．．．．．． |
|
Dear visitor, as a premium member of this database, you will get complete access to all content.Please go premium and get more.
1. To become a premium member, please call 400-810-8266 Ext. 171.
2. Binding to the account with access to this database.
3. Apply for a trial account.
4. To get instant access to a document, you can Pay Amount 【￥2500.00】 for your single purchase. | |
您好：您现在要进入的是北大法宝英文库会员专区。
如您是我们英文用户可直接 登录，进入会员专区查询您所需要的信息；如您还不是我们 的英文用户；您可通过网上支付进行单篇购买，支付成功后即可立即查看本篇内容。
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail:info@chinalawinfo.com
|
| | | | | | | | |
Scan QR Code and Read on Mobile
|
|
|
|
|
|
Message: Please kindly comment on the present translation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Translations are by lawinfochina.com, and we retain exclusive copyright over content
found on our website except for content we publish as authorized by respective copyright
owners or content that is publicly available from government sources.
Due to differences in language, legal systems, and culture, English translations
of Chinese law are for reference purposes only. Please use the official Chinese-language
versions as the final authority. Lawinfochina.com and its staff will not be directly
or indirectly liable for use of materials found on this website.
We welcome your comments and suggestions, which assist us in continuing to improve
the quality of our materials as we dynamically expand content.
|
|
|
|
|
|