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| Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Issues concerning the Application of Mental Distress Compensation in the State Compensation Cases Heard by the Compensation Committees of the People's Courts | | 最高人民法院关于人民法院赔偿委员会审理国家赔偿案件适用精神损害赔偿若干问题的意见 |
| (No. 14 [2014] of the Supreme People's Court, July 29, 2014) | | （2014年7月29日 法发〔2014〕14号） |
| The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China as deliberated and adopted at the 14th session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on April 29, 2010, expands the applicable scope of elimination of adverse effect, restoration of reputation, and apology, and adds a provision on solatium for the infliction of mental distress, which is a significant development of the mental distress compensation rules in state compensation. Article 35 of the State Compensation Law provides that: “Whoever falls under any of the circumstances as described in Article 3 or 17 of this Law, inflicting any mental distress on any other person, shall, within the extent of the effect of the infringement, eliminate the adverse effect of the infringement on the victim, restore the victim's reputation, and apologize to the victim; or if the consequences are serious, shall pay an appropriate amount of solatium for the infliction of mental distress.” To fully protect the lawful rights and interests of citizens and properly settle state compensation disputes, the following opinions on issues concerning the application of mental distress compensation in the state compensation cases heard by the compensation committees of the people's courts are hereby offered: | | 2010 年4 月29 日第十一届全国人大常委会第十四次会议审议通过的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改＜中华人民共和国国家赔偿法＞的决定》 ，扩大了消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉的适用范围，增加了有关精神损害抚慰金的规定，实现了国家赔偿中精神损害赔偿制度的重大发展。国家赔偿法第三十五条规定：“有本法第三条或者第十七条规定情形之一，致人精神损害的，应当在侵权行为影响的范围内，为受害人消除影响，恢复名誉，赔礼道歉；造成严重后果的，应当支付相应的精神损害抚慰金。”为依法充分保障公民权益，妥善处理国家赔偿纠纷，现就人民法院赔偿委员会审理国家赔偿案件适用精神损害赔偿若干问题，提出以下意见： |
| I. Fully understanding the great significance of mental distress compensation | | 一、充分认识精神损害赔偿的重要意义 |
| Compared with the State Compensation Law of 1994, the current State Compensation Law has absorbed the results of years of theoretical research and practical development, has improved and developed the mental distress compensation rules in terms of the extent of liability and form of obligation, and has effectively enhance the level of protection for the personal rights and interests of citizens. The compensation committees of the people's courts shall fully understand the great significance of the mental distress compensation rules in state compensation, regard the implementation of such rules as an integral part of “improving the judicial safeguards for human rights,” correctly apply the provisions of Article 35 of the State Compensation Law and other relevant laws, handle the applications for mental distress compensation in accordance with the law, properly settle state compensation disputes, and respect and protect human rights. | | 现行国家赔偿法与1994 年国家赔偿法相比，吸收了多年来理论及实践探索与发展的成果，在责任范围和责任方式等方面对精神损害赔偿进行了完善和发展，有效提升了对公民人身权益的保护水平。人民法院赔偿委员会要充分认识国家赔偿中的精神损害赔偿制度的重要意义，将贯彻落实该项制度作为“完善人权司法保障制度”的重要内容，正确适用国家赔偿法第三十五条等相关法律规定，依法处理赔偿请求人提出的精神损害赔偿申请，妥善化解国家赔偿纠纷，切实尊重和保障人权。 |
| II. Strictly adhering to the principles for the application of mental distress compensation | | 二、严格遵循精神损害赔偿的适用原则 |
The compensation committees of the people's courts shall strictly adhere to the following principles in applying the aforesaid provision on mental distress compensation: The first is the principle of statutory compensation. The provision of the State Compensation Law shall be strictly complied with, that is, the applicable scope of mental distress compensation shall not be expanded or narrowed, and the applicable conditions shall not be increased or reduced. The second is the principle of discretion based on comprehensive factors. The damage caused in individual infringement cases, the severity of violations and faults on the part of the infringing government agencies and the staff members thereof, and other factors shall be comprehensively considered to accurately determine the compensatory liability for the infliction of mental distress. The third is the principle of reasonable balance. Equal treatment under same circumstances and differentiation under different circumstances shall be applied, but appropriate consideration shall be given to the differences between individual cases and the regional differences, as well as the overall level of social development and the living standards of local residents.
．．．．．． | | 人民法院赔偿委员会适用精神损害赔偿条款，应当严格遵循以下原则：一是依法赔偿原则。严格依照国家赔偿法的规定，不得扩大或者缩小精神损害赔偿的适用范围，不得增加或者减少其适用条件。二是综合裁量原则。综合考虑个案中侵权行为的致害情况，侵权机关及其工作人员的违法、过错程度等相关因素，准确认定精神损害赔偿责任。三是合理平衡原则。坚持同等情况同等对待，不同情况区别处理，适当考虑个案及地区差异，兼顾社会发展整体水平和当地居民生活水平。
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