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| Opinions on Standards for Limited Liability Companies | | 有限责任公司规范意见 |
(Promulgated by the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems (SCRES) on May 15, 1992) | |
（１９９２年５月１５日国家经体改委发布） |
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| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
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| Article 1 The “limited liability company” (hereinafter referred to as the “company”) refers to such an enterprise legal person in which two or more shareholders make joint contributions, with each shareholder bearing limited liability to the company by its/his capital contributions, and the company bearing the liability to its debts by all of its assets. | | 第一条 有限责任公司（以下简称公司）是指由两个以上股东共同出资，每个股东以其所认缴的出资额对公司承担有限责任，公司以其全部资产对其债务承担责任的企业法人。 |
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| Article 2 A company shall abide by state laws, regulations and these Opinions on Standards (hereinafter referred to as these Standards), be subject to the administration and supervision of government authorization departments, and maintain national interests and public interests. | | 第二条 公司必须遵守国家法律、法规及本规范意见（以下简称本规范），接受人民政府有关部门依法进行的管理和监督，维护国家利益和社会公共利益。 |
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| Article 3 The legitimate rights, interests and legitimate business activities of a company shall be protected by law, and shall not be infringed upon or illegally intervened in by any organ, social organization or individual. | | 第三条 公司的合法权益和正当经营活动受法律保护，任何机关、社会组织和个人不得侵犯或者非法干涉。 |
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| Article 4 A company shall formulate its articles of association according to these Standards. The articles of association shall have the binding force to the company and its shareholders. | | 第四条 公司应当按照本规范制定公司章程。公司章程对公司和股东具有约束力。 |
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| Article 5 A company shall engage in business activities within the business scope as approved and registered. | | 第五条 公司应当在核准登记的经营范围内开展经营活动。 |
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| Article 6 A company shall not become an unlimited liability shareholder of any other economic organization. | | 第六条 公司不得成为其他经济组织的无限责任股东。 |
When a company becomes a limited liability shareholder of other economic organizations, its total investment amount in other economic organizations shall not exceed 50% of its net assets, unless it is an investment company or a holding company as approved by the government authorization department. | |
公司成为其他经济组织的有限责任股东时，对其他组织的投资总额，不得超过本公司净资产的百分之五十，但投资公司和政府授权部门批准的控股公司可不受此限。 |
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| Article 7 The name of a company shall comply with state regulations on name registration administration of enterprise legal persons, and contain the words of “limited liability company” or “limited company”. | | 第七条 公司的名称应当符合国家有关企业法人名称登记管理法规的规定，并标明“有限责任公司”或者“有限公司”的字样。 |
A company that is established not according to these Standards shall not be called a “limited liability company” or “limited company”. | |
不按本规范设立的公司，不得称为“有限责任公司”或“有限公司”。 |
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| Article 8 A company shall take its main office as its domicile. | | 第八条 公司以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。 |
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| Chapter II Requirements and Procedures for Formation | | 第二章 设立条件和程序 |
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| Article 9 To form a company, there shall be two up to 30 shareholders. Where there are more than 30 shareholders in a company due to special needs, it shall be subject to the approval of the government authorization department, and the number of shareholders in a company shall not be more than 50. | | 第九条 公司必须有二个以上三十个以下的股东方可设立。因特殊需要，公司股东超过三十个的，须经政府授权部门批准，但最多不得超过五十个。 |
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| Article 10 The registered capital of a company shall be the total capital stock paid by shareholders. | | 第十条 公司注册资本为股东缴纳的股本总额。 |
The registered capital of a company shall comply with the provisions on the minimum registered capital, and be suitable for its business scope. The minimum registered capital of a company shall be: | |
公司注册资本应当符合最低限额的规定，并同其经营范围相适应。公司注册资本的最低限额为： |
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| 1. 500,000 yuan for a productive company; | | （一）生产经营性公司五十万元人民币； |
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| 2. 500,000 yuan for a commercial or commodity wholesale company; | | （二）商业、物资批发性公司五十万元人民币； |
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| 3. 300,000 yuan for a commercial retail company; and | | （三）商业零售性公司三十万元人民币； |
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| 4. 100,000 yuan for a scientific and technological development, consulting or service company. | | （四）科技开发、咨询、服务性公司十万元人民币。 |
Where the state sets down higher requirements for a particular industry, such requirements shall prevail. | |
国家对特定行业有较高规定的，从其规定。 |
Upon approval of the State industrial and commercial administrative organ, the minimum registered capital for the companies in an ethnic autonomous region or a poverty-stricken region determined by the State Council may be reduced by 50% of the amount stipulated respectively in this Article. | |
民族区域自治地区和国务院确定的贫困地区，经国家工商行政管理机关批准，其公司注册资本最低限额可按本条规定的金额降低百分之五十。 |
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| Article 11 The total capital stock of a company shall be all the capital stock subscribed by all the shareholders, and shall be subscribed by the shareholders in a lump sum. | | 第十一条 公司股本总额为全体股东认缴股本的总和。公司股本总额应当由股东一次认足。 |
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| Article 12 A shareholder may make contribution in cash, in kind, in industrial property rights, non-patented technology or land use rights. | | 第十二条 股东可以用货币出资，也可以用实物、工业产权、非专利技术、土地使用权作价出资。 |
The minimum amount subscribed by all the shareholders in cash shall be 50% of the minimum registered capital of a company. | |
全体股东用货币出资的最低限额为公司法定注册资本最低限额的百分之五十。 |
The contribution made a shareholder in kind shall be buildings, equipment or other materials required for business operations of a company, and be assessed upon authorization of a qualified asset assessment institution. If the amount involved is small, the contribution in kind may be evaluated by all the shareholders according to relevant state provisions. If the contribution in kind is made by state-owned assets, the state-owned asset assessment results shall be verified and affirmed by the state-owned asset management department. | |
股东出资的实物，应当为公司生产经营所需的建筑物、设备或其他物资，并应当委托具有资格的资产评估机构进行资产评估，数额不大的，可由股东各方按照国家有关规定确定实物的作价。其中用国有资产出资的，国有资产评估结果应由国有资产管理部门核资、确认。 |
All the contributions made by shareholders in industrial property rights and non-patented technology shall not be more than 20% of the total registered capital of a company; and if the said proportion needs to be more than 20% due to a special circumstance, it shall be subject to the approval of the department that examined and approved the company, and simultaneously the said proportion shall not be more than 30%. | |
股东用工业产权、非专利技术作价出资的金额不得超过公司注册资本总额的百分之二十。特殊情况下必须超过百分之二十的，应当经公司审批部门批准，但最高不得超过百分之三十。 |
If a shareholder makes contribution by land use rights, relevant state provisions shall be complied with. | |
股东用土地使用权作价出资的，应当按照国家有关规定办理。 |
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| Article 13 The contributions made by shareholders shall be verified by certified public accountants as approved and registered by the state, which shall issue a certification. Where state-owned assets are involved, the state-owned asset management department shall confirm the property right ownership. | | 第十三条 股东的出资必须经国家核准登记的注册会计师验证和出具证明。其中涉及国有资产的，应当由国有资产管理部门确认产权归属。 |
To register a company, the shareholders shall deposit the full amount of contributions in cash into a temporary account opened for the company once and for all, and go through the formalities for transfer of the contributions in kind. The contributions other than cash shall be verified by the relevant assessment institution. In the case of any improper evaluation, the government authorization department may order the relevant capital assessment institution for verification again. | |
股东办理公司登记应当将现金出资一次足额存入公司临时帐户，并办理实物出资的移转手续。现金以外其他形式的出资，由有关验资机构验证。如有估价不当的，政府授权部门可以责令验资机构重新验证。 |
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| Article 14 The articles of association of a company shall be formulated upon consensus of all the shareholders. | | 第十四条 公司章程应当由全体股东一致同意制订。 |
The articles of association of a company shall contain: | |
公司章程应当载明下列事项： |
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| 1. The company's name and domicile; | | （一）公司名称和住所； |
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| 2. The company's business scope; | | （二）经营范围； |
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| 3. The company's registered capital; | | （三）公司注册资本； |
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| 4. Names and domiciles of shareholders; | | （四）股东名称或姓名、住所； |
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| 5. Rights and obligations of shareholders; | | （五）股东的权利、义务； |
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| 6. Forms and amounts of capital contributions made by all the shareholders, and dates for their capital contributions; | | （六）各股东的出资方式、出资额和出资缴纳期限； |
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| 7. Requirements for a shareholder to transfer its/his contribution; | | （七）股东转让出资的条件； |
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| 8. Methods for profit distribution and loss sharing; | | （八）利润分配和亏损分担的办法； |
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| 9. The number of directors and the method for electing directors; | | （九）董事名额及产生办法； |
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| 10. The company's legal representative; | | （十）公司的法定代表人； |
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| 11. The company's organizational framework, their functions and rules of procedure; | | （十一）公司组织机构及其职权和议事规则； |
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| 12. Causes for the company's termination; | | （十二）公司的终止事由； |
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| 13. Procedures for revising the articles of association; | | （十三）公司章程的修订程序； |
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| 14. Date for establishment of the articles of association; and | | （十四）公司章程订立日期； |
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| 15. Other matters as considered by all the shareholders that shall be set down. | | （十五）全体股东认为应当订明的其他事项。 |
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| Article 15 The formation of a company shall be subject to the examination and approval of the government authorization department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government at the locality of the company. The whole shareholders shall determine one shareholder for going through reporting and approval formalities according to the stipulated procedures. | | 第十五条 设立公司应当由公司所在的省、自治区、直辖市的政府授权部门审批。全体股东应当确定一名股东按照规定的程序办理报批手续。 |
To form a company, an applicant shall submit an application letter to the government authorization department, and also submit the following documents as attachments: | |
设立公司必须向政府授权部门递交申请书，并附送下列文件： |
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| 1. A feasibility study or business scheme; | | （一）可行性研究报告或营业计划； |
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| 2. The articles of association; | | （二）公司章程； |
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| 3. A credit standing certificate; and | | （三）资信证明； |
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| 4. Other documents required by the government authorization department. | | （四）政府授权部门要求的其他文件。 |
When the government authorization department examines and approves a company, it shall determine the industrial management department of the company in light of the company's main business scope. | |
政府授权部门审批公司时按公司的主营范围内容，应确定公司的行业管理部门。 |
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| Article 16 Upon approval of the government authorization department, the authorized shareholder shall apply for registration to the industrial and commercial administrative organ at the locality of the company according to the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Registration Administration of Enterprise Legal Persons and the interim provisions of the State industrial and commercial administrative organ on registration administration of joint-stock enterprises. A company will be formed and may obtain the legal person qualification when it has been approved and registered and has obtained an Enterprise Legal Person Business License. | | 第十六条 政府授权部门批准后，受委托的股东应当依照《中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例》和国家工商行政管理局关于股份制企业的登记管理暂行规定，向公司所在地的工商行政管理机关申请登记注册。公司经核准登记、领取《企业法人营业执照》后，方告成立，并取得法人资格。 |
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| Article 17 A company may set up branch companies. If a company sets up a branch company, it shall be subject to the approval of the original government authorization department, and be subject to the verification and registration of the industrial and commercial administrative organ, which shall issue a business license to the branch company. A branch company shall not enjoy the legal person qualification, but may independently engage in production and business activities, and its civil liabilities shall be borne by its parent company. | | 第十七条 公司可以设立分公司。公司设立分公司须经公司原政府授权部门批准，并经工商行政管理机构核准登记，核发营业执照。分公司不具法人资格，可以依法独立从事生产经营活动，其民事责任由设立该分公司的公司承担。 |
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| Article 18 A company shall, upon registration, issue the capital contribution certificates to prove that the shareholders have made capital contributions. | | 第十八条 公司应当在登记注册后签发证明股东已缴纳出资额的出资证明书。 |
A capital contribution certificate shall state: | |
出资证明书应当载明下列事项： |
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| 1. The company's name; | | （一）公司名称； |
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| 2. The company's registration date; | | （二）公司登记日期； |
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| 3. The company's total registered capital; | | （三）公司注册资本总额； |
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| 4. The shareholder's name, and the amount of its/his capital contributions; | | （四）股东名称或姓名及其认缴的出资额； |
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| 5. Conditions about the capital assessment by the relevant institution; | | （五）有关机构的验资情况； |
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| 6. The amount of capital contribution that has been made by the shareholder, and the date of its/his capital contribution; | | （六）该股东已缴纳的出资额和出资日期； |
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| 7. The issuing date of the capital contribution certificate; and | | （七）出资证明书的核发日期； |
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| 8. The company's seal. | | （八）公司的签章。 |
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| Chapter III Shareholders and the Shareholders' Meeting | | 第三章 股东和股东会 |
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| Article 19 Shareholders are contributors of a company. Unless it is prohibited or specially restricted by the state, a government organ or agency that has the right to make investment on behalf of the state, an enterprise legal person, public institution or social group having the legal person qualification, or a natural person may become the shareholders of a company according to these Standards. | | 第十九条 股东是公司的出资人。除国家有禁止或限制的特别规定外，有权代表国家投资的政府部门或机构、企业法人、具有法人资格的事业单位和社会团体、自然人均可以依照本规范成为公司股东。 |
Where natural persons or private enterprise legal persons make capital contributions to set up a private company, the relevant provisions on private enterprises shall also be complied with. | |
自然人、私营企业法人出资组成的私营公司，还应遵守国家关于私营企业的规定。 |
Where natural persons or private enterprise legal persons make investment into a non-private company, the investment scope and the proportion of capital contribution shall comply with relevant state provisions. | |
自然人、私营企业法人向非私营公司投资，其投资范围、出资比例按国家有关规定执行。 |
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| Article 20 A shareholder shall be entitled to: | | 第二十条 股东享有下列权利： |
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| 1. Attend or choose a representative to attend the shareholders' meeting, and enjoy the voting right according to the capital contribution; | | （一）参加或推选代表参加股东会并根据其出资份额享有表决权； |
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| 2. Know the company's business situation and financial situation; | | （二）了解公司经营状况和财务状况； |
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| 3. Elect or be elected as a director or supervisor; | | （三）选举和被选举为董事会成员、监事会成员； |
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| 4. Get dividends and transfer capital contribution according to laws, regulations, these Standards and the articles of association; | | （四）依照法律、法规、本规范和公司章程的规定获取股利、转让出资； |
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| 5. Purchase the capital contribution transferred by other shareholders with priority; | | （五）优先购买其他股东转让的出资； |
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| 6. Subscribe the registered capital newly added by the company with priority; | | （六）优先认购公司新增的注册资本； |
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| 7. Get the company's remaining property after the company is terminated; and | | （七）公司终止后，依法分得公司的剩余财产； |
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| 8. Other rights set down in the articles of association. | | （八）公司章程规定的其他权利。 |
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| Article 21 A shareholder shall be obliged to: | | 第二十一条 股东负有下列义务： |
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| 1. Pay the capital contribution as subscribed; | | （一）缴纳所认缴的出资； |
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| 2. Bear the company's debts according to the subscribed capital contribution; | | （二）依其所认缴的出资额承担公司债务； |
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| 3. Not to withdraw investment after the company has gone through the formality for industrial and commercial registration; and | | （三）公司办理工商登记手续后，不得抽回出资； |
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| 4. Other obligations set down in the articles of association. | | （四）公司章程规定的其他义务。 |
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| Article 22 A company may set up the shareholders' meeting or not. If a company sets up the shareholders' meeting, the shareholders' meeting shall be composed of all the shareholders, and shall be the highest authority of the company. | | 第二十二条 公司可设立股东会，也可不设立股东会。公司设立股东会的，股东会由全体股东组成，为公司的最高权力机构。 |
The shareholders' meeting shall have the following powers: | |
股东会拥有下列权力： |
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| 1. To elect or dismiss directors; | | （一）选举和罢免董事； |
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| 2. To elect or dismiss the shareholders' representatives in the board of supervisors; | | （二）选举和罢免监事会成员中的股东代表； |
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| 3. To examine and pass the company's schemes of annual budget and final accounts, as well as the annual profit distribution scheme; | | （三）审查通过公司年度财务预、决算方案、和利润分配方案； |
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| 4. To make resolutions on the company's increase or reduction of registered capital and on the shareholder's transfer of capital contribution; | | （四）对公司增加或减少注册资本、股东转让出资作出决议； |
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| 5. To make resolutions on important matters such as the separation, amalgamation, termination and liquidation of the company; | | （五）对公司的分立、合并、终止和清算等重大事项作出决议； |
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| 6. To revise the articles of association; and | | （六）修改公司章程； |
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| 7. Other powers set down in the articles of association. | | （七）公司章程规定的其他权力。 |
If a company does not set up the shareholders' meeting, the matters stipulated the preceding paragraph shall be decided by the whole shareholders. | |
公司不设立股东会的，上款规定的事项由全体股东决定。 |
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| Article 23 The first shareholders' meeting shall be convened by the shareholder that makes the most capital contribution, and the articles of association shall be passed and the management framework and other relevant matters shall be decided at the first shareholders' meeting. | | 第二十三条 首次股东会由出资最多的股东召集，会上应通过公司章程、确定公司领导机构及有关事项。 |
The shareholders' meeting shall be regularly held according to the articles of association. Upon proposal by 1/3 or more of the whole directors or shareholders or by the board of supervisors, a temporary shareholders' meeting may be held. | |
股东会应当按公司章程规定定期召开。经三分之一以上董事或三分之一以上股东或监事会提议，可以召开临时股东会。 |
The shareholders' meeting shall be presided over by the board chairman, or by any other director upon authorization when the board chairman can not fulfill his duty due to a special cause. | |
股东会由董事长主持，董事长因特殊原因不能履行该项职责时，可委托其他董事主持。 |
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| Article 24 A resolution made by the shareholders' meeting shall be subject to the consent of the shareholders who hold 2/3 or more of the company's capital or whose number exceeds 2/3 or more of the whole shareholders, whereas the articles of association shall be revised according to Paragraph 1 of Article 14. | | 第二十四条 股东会的决议必须经持有公司资本三分之二以上和超过股东人数三分之二以上的股东同意方可作出，但修改公司章程应按第十四条第一款的规定办理。 |
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Article 25 The shareholders and the shareholders' meeting shall not exercise rights in violation of any law, regulation, these Standards or the articles of association.
．．．．．． | | 第二十五条 股东、股东会行使权利不得违反法律、法规、本规范和公司章程的规定。
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