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Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. v. Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co. Ltd. (A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)
河北三河福成养牛集团总公司诉哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司昆明分公司侵犯注册商标专用权及不正当竞争纠纷案
【法宝引证码】

Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. v. Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co. Ltd. (A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)
(A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)
河北三河福成养牛集团总公司诉哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司昆明分公司侵犯注册商标专用权及不正当竞争纠纷案

Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. v. Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co. Ltd.
(A case of dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and unfair competition)@#

Judgment Summary@#
1.Under Item 1 of Article 1 of theInterpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of Lawsconcerning Hearing of Cases Involving Trademarks Civil Disputes, use of charactersidentical with or similar to others' registered trademark as the name of anenterprise that can easily mislead relevant public shall be held as a conduct causingdamage to the right to the exclusive use of others' registered trademark. UnderParagraph 2 of Article 7 of the Opinions of the State Trademark Office onSeveral Issues concerning the Protection of Service Trademarks, other people'snormal use of a customary mark in the service sector and the normal use oftrade name, individual name, name of geographic location and the site where theservice is provided to present the attributes of the service and introduce theservice items, does not constitute infringement upon the right to the exclusiveuse of the service trademark, except for acts with the obvious purpose ofunfair competition. According to the provisions stated above, an enterpriseshall comply with the principle of good faith when it uses characters identicalwith or similar to others' registered trademark as its trade name on similar oridentical products. Where the actor takes advantage of others' famous trademarkwith the purpose of causing confusion of relevant public about the recognitionon relevant products and arbitrarily simplifies its trade name and used on itsproduct, such act shall be held as acts of infringement upon the right to theexclusive use of others' registered trademark@#
2. under Article 5 of the Anti-unfairCompetition Law, an operator may not take the following unfair approaches inmarket transactions to the detriment of competitors: (1) counterfeiting others'registered trademark; (2) using without authorization the unique name, packageor decoration of a famous product, or using a name, package or decoration whichis similar to that of a famous product, so as to confuse its product withothers' famous product and make consumers falsely identify its product as thefamous product……”.  Under the provisionsstated above, using without authorization the unique name, package ordecoration of a famous product, or using a name, package or decoration which issimilar to that of a famous product to confuse its product with others' famousproduct and make consumers falsely identify its product as the famous product shallbe held as unfair competition conduct.

BASIC FACTS@#
Plaintiff: Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co., domiciled at Xingrong Village, Sanhe City, Hebei Province.@#
Legal representative: Li Gaoqi, chairman of the board of this company.@#
Defendant: Kunming Branch of Harbin Fucheng Catering Co., Ltd. domiciled at Chajie Street, Kunming City, Yunnan Province.@#
Person in charge: Chen Mengdi, manager of this branch.@#
The plaintiff, Hebei Sanhe Fucheng Cattle Group Co. (referred to as Sanhe Fucheng Co.) filed a lawsuit with the Intermediate People's Court of Kunming City, Yunnan Province for the dispute over infringement upon the right to the exclusive use of a registered trademark and for the unfair competition conducted by the defendant, Harbin Fucheng Catering Co., Ltd (referred to as Kunming Fucheng Co.).@#
The plaintiff, Sanhe Fucheng Co. alleged that: Sanhe Fucheng Co. obtained No.1344801 certificate of trademark registration issued by State Trademark Office in 1999 and enjoyed the right to the exclusive use of “Fucheng” on services such as restaurants and hotels, etc. The defendant, Kunming Fucheng Co. distinctively used the characters “Fucheng” without permission of the plaintiff, Sanhe Fucheng Co. in the advertisement words on the front, left and upper part of the door of the business place, the internal food-ordering cards, the advertisement documents pasted inside the store and the distributed leaflets, and used the name and special decoration of the well-known service “Fucheng Beef Hotpot” of Sanhe Fucheng Co. without authorization, which were serious enough to mislead and confuse the relevant public, and thus infringed the right to the exclusive use of the registered trademark of Sanhe Fucheng Co. and constituted unfair competition. The plaintiff required the court to order Kunming Fucheng Co. to stop the use of the enterprise name with the characters “Fucheng”, immediately stop the various advertisement and propaganda with the characters “Fucheng”, replace the propaganda signboards with the characters “Fucheng” and eliminate the adverse effects, make an apology to Sanhe Fucheng Co. on Kunming Daily and compensate Sanhe Fucheng Co. 200,000 yuan for the economic losses it had suffered.@#
......

 

河北三河福成养牛集团总公司诉哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司昆明分公司侵犯注册商标专用权及不正当竞争纠纷案@#
【裁判摘要】@#
一、根据最高人民法院《关于审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第一条第(一)项的规定,将与他人注册商标相同或相近似的文字作为企业的字号在相同或者类似商品上突出使用,容易使相关公众产生误认的属于给他人注册商标专用权造成损害的行为。根据国家商标局《关于保护服务商标若干问题的意见》第七条第二款的规定,他人正常使用服务行业惯用标志,以及正常方式使用商号(字号)、姓名、地名、服务场所名称,表示服务特点,对服务事项进行说明等不构成侵犯服务商标专用权行为,但具有明显不正当竞争意图的除外。根据上述规定,企业将与他人注册商标相同或相近似的文字作为字号在相同或者类似商品上使用时应遵循诚实信用原则。行为人以攀附他人知名商标,混淆相关公众对于相关商品的认知为目的,随意简化自己的商号在商品上使用的,属于侵犯他人注册商标专用权的行为。@#
二、反不正当竞争法五条规定:“经营者不得采用下列不正当手段从事市场交易,损害竞争对手:(一)假冒他人的注册商标;(二)擅自使用知名商品特有的名称、包装、装璜,或者使用与知名商品近似的名称、包装、装璜,造成和他人的知名商品相混淆,使购买者误认为是该知名商品;……”根据上述规定,擅自使用他人知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢,或者使用与他人知名商品近似的名称、包装、装潢,造成和他人的知名商品相混淆,使消费者误认为是该知名商品的行为属不正当竞争行为。@#
原告:河北三河福成养牛集团总公司,住所地:河北省三河市兴隆庄。@#
法定代表人:李高起,该公司董事长。@#
被告:哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司昆明分公司,住所地:云南省昆明市岔街。@#
负责人:陈梦迪,该分公司经理。@#
原告河北三河福成养牛集团总公司 (以下简称三河福成公司)因与被告哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司昆明分公司(以下简称昆明福成公司)发生侵犯注册商标专用权及不正当竞争纠纷,向云南省昆明市中级人民法院提起诉讼。@#
原告三河福成公司诉称:三河福成公司于1999年获得国家商标局颁发的第 1344801号商标注册证书,对餐馆、旅馆等服务项目享有“福成”注册商标专用权。被告昆明福成公司未经原告许可,在其经营场所店门的正面、左侧和上方的广告宣传文字、店内定餐卡、店内张贴的广告宣传资料和散发的宣传单中突出使用三河福成公司的注册商标文字“福成”,并擅自使用三河福成公司知名服务“福成肥牛火锅”的名称和特有装潢,足以使相关公众产生混淆和误认,侵犯三河福成公司注册商标专用权,并构成不正当竞争。请求法院判令昆明福成公司停止使用带有“福成”文字的企业名称,立即停止带有“福成”文字的各类广告宣传,更换带有“福成”文字的宣传招牌,消除影响,在《昆明日报》上向三河福成公司赔礼道歉,并赔偿三河福成公司经济损失人民币20万元。@#
被告昆明福成公司辩称:第一、涉案第 1344801号注册商标已于2003年4月7日由原告三河福成公司转让给案外人河北三河福成养牛有限公司,该公司现已被注销,三河福成公司不具备适格的诉讼主体资格,无权提起诉讼。第二、昆明福成公司的行为并不会导致相关公众产生混淆和误认。“福成”作为昆明福成公司的企业字号,早在1997年12月就通过了工商行政机关的核准登记,本公司完全是合法使用自己的字号,不侵犯他人的注册商标专用权,也不构成不正当竞争。请求法院驳回三河福成公司的诉讼请求。@#
昆明市中级人民法院一审审理查明:@#
原告三河福成公司系主营畜牧养殖与经营相关服务项目的企业。1999年12月 14日,三河福成公司获得第1344801号注册商标专用权。该商标系汉字、拼音加图形的组合商标(上部为汉字“福成”,下部为汉语拼音fucheng加牛头形图案)。该商标核定服务项目为餐馆、旅馆和动物养殖。三河福成公司开始经营以肥牛为主的火锅餐饮业,并进行连锁加盟经营,在这些经营场所的牌匾、店门抬头上使用了该注册商标,在商标旁则配合标明“福成肥牛”、“福成”、“福成肥牛城”和“福成肥牛海鲜城”等文字。2003年5月21日,三河福成公司将该注册商标转让给案外人河北三河福成养牛有限公司。2004年8月18日,三河福成养牛有限公司与三河福成公司签订注册商标使用许可合同,约定三河福成公司获得独占使用第1344801号注册商标及单独提起维权诉讼的权利。同日双方还签订一份授权委托书,重申三河福成公司取得的上述权利。@#
被告昆明福成公司系哈尔滨福成饮食有限公司(以下简称哈尔滨福成公司)的分支机构。哈尔滨福成公司登记成立于1999年6月10日,经营范围为餐饮和烟酒零售,其同样经营以肥牛为主的火锅餐饮业,并且也开始进行连锁经营。昆明福成公司在其经营场所外悬挂的牌匾上标明“福成火锅”文字,在店外墙面上标明“福成肥牛火锅”文字,在其宣传材料和订餐卡上写有“福成肥牛火锅昆明旗舰店”文字以及哈尔滨福成公司的企业介绍。@#
@#
一审争议焦点为:1.原告三河福成公司是否为适格原告;2.被告昆明福成公司实施的行为属于在合理使用范围内对企业名称的正当使用,还是属于侵犯他人注册商标权。@#
@#
昆明市中级人民法院一审认为:@#
一、关于原告三河福成公司是否为适格原告的问题。《中华人民共和国商标法》 (以下简称商标法)第五十三条规定:“有本法第五十二条所列侵犯注册商标专用权行为之一,引起纠纷的,由当事人协商解决;不愿协商或者协商不成的,商标注册人或者利害关系人可以向人民法院起诉,也可以请求工商行政管理部门处理。……”最高人民法院《关于审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第四条规定:“商标法五十三条规定的利害关系人,包括注册商标使用许可合同的被许可人、注册商标财产权利的合法继承人等。在发生注册商标专用权被侵害时,独占使用许可合同的被许可人可以向人民法院提起诉讼;排他使用许可合同的被许可人可以和商标注册人共同起诉,也可以在商标注册人不起诉的情况下,自行提起诉讼;普通使用许可合同的被许可人经商标注册人明确授权,可以提起诉讼。”根据上述规定,注册商标的利害关系人享有相应的诉权,利害关系人的范围包括注册商标许可使用合同的被许可人,独占使用许可合同的被许可人可以向人民法院提起诉讼。三河福成公司系涉案注册商标独占使用许可合同的被许可人,是本案适格原告。@#
二、关于被告昆明福成公司实施的行为是属于在合理使用范围内对企业名称的正当使用,还是属于侵犯他人注册商标权的问题。@#
首先,根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》第九十九条之规定,法人享有名称权。本案中,被告昆明福成公司企业名称权取得时间先于原告三河福成公司第1344801号注册商标专用权取得的时间。注册商标专用权和企业名称权均属受法律保护的民事权利,不论注册商标专用权还是企业名称权,权利人在行使的时候都应遵循诚实信用原则,避免因不当使用而造成权利冲突。@#
第二,根据《中华人民共和国公司法》第十四条的规定,设立分公司是法人的合法权利,哈尔滨福成公司登记设立被告昆明福成公司作为其分支机构,并在该分支机构名称中使用涉案企业名称并无不当,原告三河福成公司要求昆明福成公司停止使用带有“福成”文字的企业名称没有法律依据。@#
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