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No. 3 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: All-China Environment Federation v. Shandong Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (Civil public interest litigation regarding air pollution)
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最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之三：中华环保联合会诉山东德州晶华集团振华有限公司大气污染民事公益诉讼案
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No. 3 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: All-China Environment Federation v. Shandong Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (Civil public interest litigation regarding air pollution)
(Civil public interest litigation regarding air pollution)
最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之三：中华环保联合会诉山东德州晶华集团振华有限公司大气污染民事公益诉讼案
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| No. 3 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: All-China Environment Federation v. Shandong Dezhou Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (Civil public interest litigation regarding air pollution) | | 最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之三：中华环保联合会诉山东德州晶华集团振华有限公司大气污染民事公益诉讼案 |
| [Basic Facts] Domiciled in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, Jinghua Group Zhenhua Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Zhenhua Company”) was an enterprise engaging in the manufacturing of glass and highly-processed glass products. Although Zhenhua Company invested in the construction of desulfurization and dust removal facilities, there was still a long-term emission of pollutants by exceeding the prescribed standards through two chimneys, which caused air pollution and seriously affected the lives of surrounding residents. It was criticized by the Ministry of Environmental Protection by name and repeatedly penalized by the competent administrative department of environmental protection, but it still continued the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. All-China Environment Federation (hereinafter referred to as “ACEF”) instituted an action in the Intermediate People's Court of Dezhou City and requested the Court to order that Zhenhua Company should immediately cease the emission of pollutants to the air by exceeding the prescribed standards and add more air pollution prevention and control facilities, and may engage in the production and operation activities after such facilities passed the acceptance of the competent administrative department of environmental protection and were put into use; Zhenhua Company should pay CNY20.4 million (changed to CNY27.46 million during litigation) as compensation for losses caused by the emission of pollutants by exceeding the prescribed standards and CNY7.8 million for losses caused by its refusal to correct the emission of pollutants by exceeding the prescribed standards, and pay the aforesaid sums of money to the special financial account of the local government for the air pollution control in Dezhou City; Zhenhua Company should extend a formal apology to the public on the media at or above the provincial level; and Zhenhua Company should bear the litigation fee, inspection fee, identification fee, witness fee, lawyers' fee, and other expenses paid for litigation. After accepting the case, the Intermediate People's Court of Dezhou City served the complaint for civil action and other materials on claim upon Zhenhua Company, make a public announcement on the case acceptance to the public, and inform the Environmental Protection Bureau of Dezhou City of the case acceptance. The People's Government of Dezhou City and the Environmental Protection Bureau of Dezhou City actively supported the trial of this case, provided their cooperation, and jointly held coordination meetings with the court of first instance. Through the linkage and coordination between the judicial organ and the competent administrative department of environmental protection, Zhenhua Company closed down all production lines, selected a new site in Tianqu Industrial Park far away from living quarters for residents, and constructed a new plant. In this way, the further expansion of pollution and damage was prevented and periodical success was achieved when the trial of the case was still pending. | | 【基本案情】振华公司是一家从事玻璃及玻璃深加工产品制造的企业，位于山东省德州市区内。振华公司虽投入资金建设脱硫除尘设施，但仍有两个烟囱长期超标排放污染物，造成大气污染，严重影响了周围居民生活，被环境保护部点名批评，并被山东省环境保护行政主管部门多次处罚，但其仍持续超标向大气排放污染物。中华环保联合会提起诉讼，请求判令振华公司立即停止超标向大气排放污染物，增设大气污染防治设施，经环境保护行政主管部门验收合格并投入使用后方可进行生产经营活动；赔偿因超标排放污染物造成的损失2040万元（诉讼期间变更为2746万元）及因拒不改正超标排放污染物行为造成的损失780万元，并将赔偿款项支付至地方政府财政专户，用于德州市大气污染的治理；在省级及以上媒体向社会公开赔礼道歉；承担本案诉讼、检验、鉴定、专家证人、律师及其他为诉讼支出的费用。德州市中级人民法院受理本案后，向振华公司送达民事起诉状等诉讼材料，向社会公告案件受理情况，并向德州市环境保护局告知本案受理情况。德州市人民政府、德州市环境保护局积极支持、配合本案审理，并与一审法院共同召开协调会。通过司法机关与环境保护行政主管部门的联动、协调，振华公司将全部生产线关停，在远离居民生活区的天衢工业园区选址建设新厂，防止了污染及损害的进一步扩大，使案件尚未审结即取得阶段性成效。 |
| ．．．．．． | | 【裁判结果】德州市中级人民法院一审认为，诉讼期间振华公司放水停产，停止使用原厂区，可以认定振华公司已经停止侵害。在停止排放前，振华公司未安装或者未运行脱硫和脱硝治理设施，未安装除尘设施或者除尘设施处理能力不够，多次超标向大气排放二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟粉尘等污染物。其中，二氧化硫、氮氧化物是酸雨的前导物，过量排放形成酸雨会造成居民人身及财产损害，过量排放烟粉尘将影响大气能见度及清洁度。振华公司超标排放污染物的行为导致了大气环境的生态附加值功能受到损害，应当依法承担生态环境修复责任，赔偿生态环境受到损害至恢复原状期间服务功能损失。同时，振华公司超标向大气排放污染物的行为侵害了社会公众的精神性环境权益，应当承担赔礼道歉的民事责任。遂判决振华公司赔偿超标排放污染物造成损失2198.36万元，用于大气环境质量修复；振华公司在省级以上媒体向社会公开赔礼道歉等。宣判后，双方当事人均未提起上诉，一审判决已生效。 |
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