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No.1 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: Environmental Protection Association of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province v. Taixing Jinhui Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., et al. (Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution) (Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution)
最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之一;江苏省泰州市环保联合会诉泰兴锦汇化工有限公司等水污染民事公益诉讼案
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No.1 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: Environmental Protection Association of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province v. Taixing Jinhui Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., et al. (Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution) (Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution)
(Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution)
最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之一;江苏省泰州市环保联合会诉泰兴锦汇化工有限公司等水污染民事公益诉讼案
No.1 of Ten Model Cases regarding Environmental Public Interest Litigations Published by the Supreme People's Court: Environmental Protection Association of Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province v. Taixing Jinhui Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., et al. (Civil public interest litigation regarding water pollution) 最高人民法院发布十起环境公益诉讼典型案例之一;江苏省泰州市环保联合会诉泰兴锦汇化工有限公司等水污染民事公益诉讼案
[Basic Facts] From January 2012 to February 2013, defendant Taixing Jinhui Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Jinhui Company”) and other five enterprises delivered a total of over 25,000 tons of hazardous waste hydrochloric acid and waste sulfuric acid generated in the process of production to the relevant companies without the qualification for disposal of hazardous wastes at a price ranging from CNY20 to 100 per ton and such hazardous wastes were secretly discharged into Rutai canal of Taixing City and Guma dry river of Gaogang District, Taizhou City, causing serious water pollution. The Environmental Protection Association of Taizhou City requested the court to order that the six defendant enterprises should pay the environmental restoration fee of over CNY160 million and the appraisal and evaluation fee of CNY100,000. 基本案情】2012年1月至2013年2月,被告锦汇公司等六家企业将生产过程中产生的危险废物废盐酸、废硫酸总计2.5万余吨,以每吨20~100元不等的价格,交给无危险废物处理资质的相关公司偷排进泰兴市如泰运河、泰州市高港区古马干河中,导致水体严重污染。泰州市环保联合会诉请法院判令六家被告企业赔偿环境修复费1.6亿余元、鉴定评估费用10万元。
...... 裁判结果江苏省泰州市中级人民法院一审认为,泰州市环保联合会作为依法成立的参与环境保护事业的非营利性社团组织,有权提起环境公益诉讼。六家被告企业将副产酸交给无处置资质和处置能力的公司,支付的款项远低于依法处理副产酸所需费用,导致大量副产酸未经处理倾倒入河,造成严重环境污染,应当赔偿损失并恢复生态环境。2万多吨副产酸倾倒入河必然造成严重环境污染,由于河水流动,即使倾倒地点的水质好转,并不意味着河流的生态环境已完全恢复,依然需要修复。在修复费用难以计算的情况下,应当以虚拟治理成本法计算生态环境修复费用。遂判决六家被告企业赔偿环境修复费用共计1.6亿余元,并承担鉴定评估费用10万元及诉讼费用。江苏省高级人民法院二审认为,泰州市环保联合会依法具备提起环境公益诉讼的原告资格,一审审判程序合法。六家被告企业处置副产酸的行为与造成古马干河、如泰运河环境污染损害结果之间存在因果关系。一审判决对赔偿数额的认定正确,修复费用计算方法适当,六家被告企业依法应当就其造成的环境污染损害承担侵权责任。二审判决维持一审法院关于六家被告企业赔偿环境修复费用共计1.6亿余元的判项,并对义务的履行方式进行了调整。如六家被告企业能够通过技术改造对副产酸进行循环利用,明显降低环境风险,且一年内没有因环境违法行为受到处罚的,其已支付的技术改造费用可经验收后在判令赔偿环境修复费用的40%额度内抵扣。六家被告企业中的三家在二审判决后积极履行了判决的全部内容。锦汇公司不服二审判决,向最高人民法院申请再审。最高人民法院认为,环境污染案件中,危险化学品和化工产品生产企业对其主营产品及副产品均需具有较高的注意义务,需要全面了解其主营产品和主营产品生产过程中产生的副产品是否具有高度危险性,是否会造成环境污染;需要使其主营产品的生产、出售、运输、储存和处置符合相关法律规定,亦需使其副产品的生产、出售、运输、储存和处置符合相关法律规定,避免对生态环境造成损害或者产生造成生态环境损害的重大风险。虽然河水具有流动性和自净能力,但在环境容量有限的前提下,向水体大量倾倒副产酸,必然对河流的水质、水体动植物、河床、河岸以及河流下游的生态环境造成严重破坏。如不及时修复,污染的累积必然会超出环境承载能力,最终造成不可逆转的环境损害。因此,不能以部分水域的水质得到恢复为由免除污染者应当承担的环境修复责任。最高人民法院最终裁定驳回了锦汇公司的再审申请。
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