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China Agricultural Finance Company Ltd. v. Axle Joint Stock Company Limited of Guangdong Samsung Enterprise (Group) Company (Dispute over Guarantee Contract)
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农银财务有限公司与广东三星企业(集团)公司车桥股份有限公司担保合同纠纷案
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China Agricultural Finance Company Ltd. v. Axle Joint Stock Company Limited of Guangdong Samsung Enterprise (Group) Company (Dispute over Guarantee Contract)
(Dispute over Guarantee Contract)
农银财务有限公司与广东三星企业(集团)公司车桥股份有限公司担保合同纠纷案
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China Agricultural Finance Company Ltd. v. Axle Joint Stock Company Limited of Guangdong Samsung Enterprise (Group) Company
(Dispute over Guarantee Contract) | | 农银财务有限公司与广东三星企业(集团)公司车桥股份有限公司担保合同纠纷案 |
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【裁判摘要】 |
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根据最高人民法院《关于适用<中华人民共和国担保法>若干问题的解释》的规定，抵押合同被确认无效后，当事人之间责任的承担应当根据其过错程度确认。对于因违反我国法律、行政法规而认定无效的抵押合同，因我国法律、行政法规均对外公开，各方当事人都应当了解我国法律、行政法规的相关规定，故应认定各方当事人对于抵押合同的无效均存在一定的过错。 |
Supreme People's Court | |
中华人民共和国最高人民法院 |
Civil Judgment of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China | |
民事判决书 |
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| No. 23 (2004) | | (2004)民四终字第23号 |
BASIC FACTS | |
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Appellant (Plaintiff in the first instance): China Agricultural Finance Company Ltd., domiciled at 23/F, Tower 1, Admiralty Center, 18 Harcourt Road, Hong Kong SAR. | |
上诉人(原审原告)：农银财务有限公司。住所地，香港特别行政区夏悫道18号海富中心第一座23楼。 |
Legal Representative: Liang Zhiren, manager of the Company. | |
法定代表人：梁志仁，该公司经理。 |
Authorized Agent: Feng Cantong, lawyer of Guangdong Datong Law Firm. | |
委托代理人：冯灿通，广东大同律师事务所律师。 |
Authorized Agent: Zhu Yongping, lawyer of Guangdong Datong Law Firm. | |
委托代理人：朱永平，广东大同律师事务所律师。 |
Appellee (Defendant in the first instance): Axle Joint Stock Company Limited of Guangdong Samsung Enterprise (Group) Company, domiciled at No. 2, Jianshe 1st Road, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. | |
被上诉人(原审被告)：广东三星企业 (集团)公司车桥股份有限公司。住所地，广东省阳江市建设一路2号。 |
Legal Representative: Xie Tiguang, board chairman of the Company. | |
法定代表人：谢惕广，该公司董事长。 |
Authorized Agent: Xu Shifang, male, of the Han ethnicity, born in 1962, dwelling at No. 4, the 7th Lane, Chigang 2nd Street, Jiangcheng District, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. | |
委托代理人：许世访，男，汉族，1962年生，住广东省阳江市江城区赤岗二街七巷4号。 |
Authorized Agent: Huang Chengxian, lawyer of Guangdong Sanmin Law Firm. | |
委托代理人：黄成献，广东三民律师事务所律师。 |
With regard to the dispute with Axle Joint Stock Company Limited of Guangdong Samsung Enterprise (Group) Company (the appellee, hereinafter referred to as Samsung Axle Company) over a guarantee contract, China Agricultural Finance Company Ltd. (the appellant, hereinafter referred to as Agricultural Finance Company) was dissatisfied with No. 1 (2002) civil judgment of the Higher People's Court of Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as Guangdong Higher Court), and appealed to the present court. The present court lawfully formed a collegial panel composed of Wang Yun, the judge, Yang Xingye and Chen Jizhong, the acting judges, and heard the present case. Liang Ying was the court clerk. The court sessions were held on May 9, 2005 and February 28, 2006. Feng Cantong, authorized agent of Agricultural Finance Company, as well as Xu Shifang and Huang Xiancheng, authorized agents of Samsung Axle Company, appeared in the court and attended the court proceedings. The present case has now been finalized. | |
上诉人农银财务有限公司(以下简称农银公司)为与被上诉人广东三星企业(集团)公司车桥股份有限公司(以下简称三星车桥公司)担保合同纠纷一案，不服广东省高级人民法院(以下简称原审法院)(2002)粤高法民四初字第1号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院依法组成由审判员王玧、代理审判员杨兴业、陈纪忠组成的合议庭审理了本案，书记员由梁颖担任。经2005年 5月9日、2006年2月28日开庭审理，农银公司的委托代理人冯灿通、三星车桥公司的委托代理人许世访、黄成献到庭参加了诉讼，本案现已审理终结。 |
PROCEDURAL POSTURE | |
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It was found out by Guangdong Higher Court: Agricultural Finance Company and Junxing Investment Company Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Junxing Company) concluded four financing agreements from 1995 to 1996 in Hong Kong: (1) Both parties concluded No. 9536 (95) “Agreement on Mortgaged Loans” on November 20, 1995. According to the agreement, Agricultural Finance Company should grant a maximum amount of USD 9 million of loans to Junxing Company, with the term being 9 months as of the date of withdrawal. The annual interest rate was 4% higher than the most preferential USD interest rate. If Junxing Company was unable to repay the principal and interest on time, Agricultural Finance Company would charge the interest of the overdue amount from Junxing Company at 120% of the original interest rate; the agreement should be governed by Hong Kong laws, and both the borrower and the lender agreed to accept the judgment or ruling made by Hong Kong court. (2) On December 15, 1995, both parties concluded No. 9539 (95) “Agreement on Mortgaged Loans” which set forth that Agricultural Finance Company should provide Junxing Company with a maximum amount of USD 5 million of loans. The term of loans, the interest rate, the laws and the jurisdictional power were the same as those in the No. 9536 (95) “Agreement on Mortgaged Loans”. (3) On December 15, 1995, both parties concluded No. 9525 (95) “L/C Financing Mortgage Agreement” which set forth that Agricultural Finance Company should provide Junxing Company with a maximum amount of USD 7.5 million of financing for issuing L/C, including USD 6 million of trusted amount for picking up goods; the term of financing should be one year as of conclusion of the agreement, and the term of the trusted amount for picking up goods shall be 90 days; if the trusted amount for picking up goods was not paid off on time, the interest should be paid at the rate of 6% higher than the most preferential USD interest rate; the agreement should be governed by the laws of Hong Kong and the Mainland, and both parties agreed to accept the judgment or ruling made by the court in Hong Kong or the Mainland. (4) On May 12, 1996, both parties concluded No. 9601 (96) “L/C Financing Mortgage Agreement” which set forth that Agricultural Finance Company should grant a maximum amount of USD 8 million of L/C financing to Junxing Company, including USD 7.6 million of trusted amount for picking up goods; the term of financing should be from the date of conclusion of the agreement to December 31, 1996, and the term of the trusted amount for picking up goods should be 90 days; if the trusted amount for picking up goods was not repaid on time, additional interest should be paid at the rate of 6% higher than the most preferential USD interest rate; both parties agreed that the contract should be governed by the laws of Hong Kong and the Mainland, and agreed to accept the judgment or ruling made by the court in Hong Kong or the Mainland. | |
原审法院查明：农银公司与俊兴投资有限公司(以下简称俊兴公司)从1995年至1996年在香港签订了四份融资协议：一、1995年11月20日双方签订了港农银财字(95)第9536号《抵押贷款协议》。根据该协议，农银公司给予俊兴公司最高限额为900万美元的贷款，期限为提款之日起 9个月。年利率为美元最优惠利率加4厘。若俊兴公司不能如期清偿所欠本息，农银公司则将按原利率的120％向俊兴公司计收逾期金额的利息；协议受香港法律管制，借款人及贷款人均同意接受香港法庭之裁判。二、1995年12月15日，双方签订了港农银字(95)第9539号《抵押贷款协议》，协议约定农银公司向俊兴公司提供最高限额为500万美元的贷款，其贷款期限、利率、法律和管辖权的选择与上述港农银财字 (95)第9536号《抵押贷款协议》相同。三、 1995年12月15日，双方签订了港农银字 (95)第9525号《信用证融资抵押协议》，约定农银公司向俊兴公司提供最高限额为 750万美元的信用证开证融资，其中包括 600万美元的信托提货额；融资期限为自签订之日起一年，其中信托提货额期限为 90天；如信托提货额逾期未清，则以美元最优惠利率加6个百分点另付利息；协议受香港及内地法律管制，借贷双方均同意接受香港及内地法院之裁决。四、1996年5月12日双方签订了港农银字(96)第9601号《信用证融资抵押协议》，约定农银公司向俊兴公司提供最高限额为800万美元的信用证融资，其中包括760万美元信托提货额；融资期限为自签约之日起至1996年 12月31日，其中信托提货额为90天；如信托提货额逾期未清，则以美元最优惠利率加6个百分点另付利息；借贷双方同意合同受香港和内地法律之管制，并接受香港及内地法院之裁决。 |
After all the above said agreements were concluded, Agricultural Finance Company transferred USD 9 million and USD 5 million of purchase prices by three times separately on November 29, 1995, December 22, 1995 and January 5, 1996 according to the above said two “Agreements on Mortgaged Loans” to the bank accounts designated by Junxing Company. Junxing Company confirmed each sum of transferred money in writing. Agricultural Finance Company provided evidence and alleged that after the term of the above said loans expired, Junxing Company repaid USD 2,481,953.43 of interest. On the basis of the above said two L/C Financing Mortgage Agreements and Junxing Company's application, Agricultural Finance Company successively issued 10 sums of L/C financing to Junxing Company from June 6, 1996 to January 6, 1997. After deduction of the deposit, Agricultural Finance Company actually provided Junxing Company with HKD 67,992,581.32 of L/C financing. In terms of this financing, Agricultural Finance Company provided evidence and said that Junxing Company did not repay the principal and interest except HKD 3,529,876.39 of interest. | |
在上述各协议签订后，农银公司根据上述两份《抵押贷款协议》的约定，于1995年11月29日、12月22日及1996年1月 5日将900万美元和500万美元的贷款分三次划至俊兴公司指定的银行账户，俊兴公司对每笔划付款均予以书面确认。农银公司举证称，以上贷款期满后，俊兴公司偿还利息2 481 953．43美元。农银公司又依据上述两份《信用证融资抵押协议》和俊兴公司的申请，自1996年6月6日至1997年1月6日，农银公司先后为俊兴公司开出了10笔信川证融资，扣除开证押金外，农银公司实际上为俊兴公司提供了 67 992 581．32港元的信用证融资，对该融资，农银公司举证称俊兴公司除还利息 3 529 876．39港元外，其余本息至今未还。 |
For the financing set forth in the foregoing Agreements on Mortgaged Loans and L/C Financing Mortgage Agreements, Samsung Axle Company as the guarantor provided guarantee as follows: (1) both the above said two Agreements on Mortgaged Loans set forth that, Samsung Axle Company should provide mortgage to Agricultural Finance Company with the real properties on four pieces of land for comprehensive use, which were located in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, covering a total area of 122,304.44 square meters (the land use certificates were separately numbered 95-363, 95-364, 95-365, and 95-367). Although Samsung Axle Company did not sign or affix its seal on the two agreements, it made mortgage registration of the mortgaged properties under the two agreements on mortgaged loans on December 19, 1995. (2) Both the above two L/C Financing Mortgage Agreements set forth that Samsung Axle Company should use the guaranteed real properties under the above said two Agreements on Mortgaged Loans, i.e., the right to use Samsung Axle Company's four pieces of land in Yangjiang for comprehensive use, as the mortgage; in addition, the No. 9601 (96) “ L/C Financing Mortgage Agreement” particularly added the right to use a total area of 81,233.91 square meters of Samsung Axle Company's three pieces of land located at No. 2, Jianshe 1st Road, Jiangcheng District, Yangjiang for comprehensive use (the land use certificates were separately numbered 96-459, 96-460, and 96-461) as the mortgage of the sum of L/C financing. But Samsung Axle Company only signed and affixed the seal on the No. 9601 (96) “L/C Financing Mortgage Agreement”. On May 23, 1996, Agricultural Finance Company and Samsung Axle Company made mortgage registration of the right to use the pieces of land whose certificates were separately numbered 96-459, 96-460 and 96-461. (3) With regard to USD 9 million of loans to be borne by Junxing Company under the above said No. 9536 (95) “Agreement on Mortgaged Loans”, Samsung Axle Company issued an “Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee” to Agricultural Finance Company on November 20, 1995, promising to provide unconditional, irrevocable and continuous guarantee for the sum of debts as well as the payable interest and fees if Junxing Company failed or refused to repay the money according to the agreement. (4) With regard to the USD 21.50 million of financing under the foregoing two Loan Agreements and the No. 9525 (95) “L/C Financing Mortgage Agreement”, Samsung Axle Company issued an “Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee” on December 15, 1995, promising to provide unconditional, irrevocable and continuous guarantee for the sum of debts as well as the payable interest and fees if Junxing Company failed or refused to repay the money according to the agreement. (5) With regard to the USD 29.50 million of financing under the above said two Agreements on Mortgaged Loans and two L/C Financing Mortgage Agreements, Samsung Axle Company issued an “Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee” to Agricultural Finance Company on May 23, 1996, promising to provide unconditional, irrevocable and continuous guarantee for the sum of debts and the payable interest and fees. | |
对前述各《抵押贷款协议》和《信用证融资抵押协议》所规定的融资，三星车桥公司作为担保人提供了担保，担保的情况如下：一、上述两份《抵押贷款协议》均规定，三星车桥公司向农银公司提供其位于广东省阳江市的四幅综合用地共122 304．44平方米(土地使用证号为阳府国用(特)字第 95-363，95-364，95-365，95-367号)的物业作为抵押。三星车桥公司虽未在两份协议上签字盖章，但于1995年12月19日对上述两份抵押贷款协议约定的抵押物办理了抵押登记手续。二、上述两份《信用证融资抵押协议》均规定三星车桥公司以前述两份《抵押贷款协议》约定的担保物业即三星车桥公司名下位于阳江市的四幅综合用地的土地使用权作为抵押；另外，港农银字 (96)第9601号《信用证融资抵押协议》还特别增加了三星车桥公司名下位于阳江市江城区建设一路2号的三幅综合用地共 81 233．91平方米的土地使用权(土地使用证号为阳府国用特字第96-459、96-460、 96-461号)作为该笔信用证融资的抵押。但三星车桥公司仅在港农银字(96)第 9601号《信用证融资抵押协议》上签字盖章。1996年5月23日，农银公司与三星车桥公司就土地使用证号为阳府国用特字第 96-459、96-460、96-461号土地使用权的抵押办理了抵押登记手续。三、对俊兴公司基于上述港农银财字(95)第9536号《抵押贷款协议》所承担的900万美元的贷款债务，三星车桥公司于1995年11月20日向农银公司出具了《不可撤销担保书》，承诺在俊兴公司未能或拒绝依约还款时，为该笔债务及其应付利息和费用提供无条件、不可撤销、连续性担保。四、对前述两份《贷款协议》和港农银字(95)第9525号《信用证融资抵押协议》项下共计2150万美元的融资，三星车桥公司于1995年12月15日出具了《不可撤销担保书》，承诺在俊兴公司未能或拒绝依约还款时，为该笔债务及其应付利息和费用提供无条件、不可撤销、连续性担保。五、对上述两份《抵押贷款协议》和两份《信用证融资抵押协议》项下共计2950万美元的融资，三星车桥公司于 1996年5月23日向农银公司出具了一份《不可撤销担保书》，承诺为该笔债务及其应付利息和费用提供无条件、不可撤销、连续性担保。 |
It was further found out by Guangdong Higher Court that, Agricultural Finance Company was a limited liability company registered in Hong Kong on November 1, 1988, and had a Hong Kong lender's license. Junxing Company was a limited liability company registered in Hong Kong on June 4, 1992. Samsung Axle Company was a consortium established after being registered in the industrial and commercial administration of Yangjiang Municipality, Guangdong Province. It had the status as a legal person, and the scope of its business included production, manufacturing and sale, etc. of automobile parts. | |
原审法院另查明，农银公司是于1988年11月1日在香港登记注册的有限公司，具有香港放债人牌照。俊兴公司是于1992年6月4日在香港登记注册的有限公司。三星车桥公司是在广东省阳江市经工商登记成立的联营企业，具有企业法人资格，其经营范围是汽车配件的生产、制造、销售等。 |
Both parties in the present case had no objection to the above facts found out by Guangdong Higher Court. | |
对原审法院查明的以上事实，本案双方当事人没有异议。 |
On July 18, 1998, Agricultural Finance Company brought a lawsuit with Guangdong Higher Court, pleading the court to order Samsung Axle Company to bear joint and several suretyship liability for the debts owed to Junxing Company, and to repay the debts in priority with the mortgaged land use right. | |
1998年7月18日，农银公司向原审法院起诉，请求判令三星车桥公司对俊兴公司拖欠的债务承担连带保证责任并以三星车桥公司用作抵押的土地使用权优先受偿。 |
On December 28, 1999, Guangdong Higher Court made No. 8 (1998) civil judgment, holding that Agricultural Finance Company claimed against Junxing Company for debts without bringing a lawsuit or applying for arbitration, and the amount of debts not yet repaid by Junxing Company could not be determined according to law, thus the scope of Samsung Axle Company's corresponding civil liability for compensation was hard to be determined. Agricultural Finance Company should bear the legal consequences of failing to bring a lawsuit or apply for arbitration against Junxing Company. Guangdong Higher Court decided to reject Agricultural Finance Company's litigation claims. | |
1999年12月28日，原审法院对本案作出(1998)粤法经二初字第8号民事判决，认为农银公司尚未通过诉讼或仲裁向俊兴公司追索债务，致使俊兴公司未清偿的债务数额不能依法确定，三星车桥公司应承担的相应的民事赔偿责任范围亦难以确定。农银公司应当承担其不对俊兴公司提起诉讼或者仲裁的法律后果。判决驳回了农银公司的诉讼请求。 |
Agricultural Finance Company was dissatisfied with the above said judgment, and appealed to the present court. The present court remanded the present case for retrial by No. 91 (2000) civil ruling on December 21, 2001 on the following grounds: Agricultural Finance Company failed to claim against Junxing Company for debts, the amount of debts which Junxing Company was unable to repay to Agricultural Finance Company was not determined, and the scope of Samsung Axle Company's civil liability for compensation was hard to determine, thus procedurally, it was unfavorable to protect the parties' lawful rights and interests if Agricultural Finance Company's litigation claims were directly rejected. Guangdong Higher Court should give Agricultural Finance Company a reasonable period, inform it to bring a lawsuit or apply for arbitration to the court with jurisdictional power regarding the principal contract. | |
农银公司不服上述判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2001年12月21日以(2000)经终字第91号民事裁定将本案发回重审。理由是：农银公司未向债务人俊兴公司追索债务，俊兴公司不能清偿农银公司的债务数额尚未确定，担保人三星车桥公司的民事赔偿责任范围难以确定，直接驳回农银公司的诉讼请求在程序上不利于保护当事人的合法权益。原审法院应给农银公司一个合理的期间，告知其向有管辖权的法院就主合同提起诉讼或者申请仲裁。 |
Guangdong Higher Court formed a new collegial panel and retried the present case pursuant to common procedures. During the trial, Guangdong Higher Court informed Agricultural Finance Company to bring a lawsuit or apply for arbitration to the court with jurisdictional power regarding the principal contract, so as to determine the amount of its credits over Junxing Company. On June 18, 2002, Agricultural Finance Company submitted to Guangdong Higher Court relevant litigation materials including Hong Kong High Court's writ of summons and judgment. The litigation materials showed that, Agricultural Finance Company brought a lawsuit with Hong Kong High Court against Junxing Company, Samsung Axle Company and its legal representative Xie Tiguang (Xie hereafter) on April 17, 2002, requesting the three defendants to repay USD 14 million of principal of loans as well as the interest and commission charge counted up to March 22, 2002, totaling HKD 120,850,002.17, while Hong Kong High Court made No. 1453 (2002) civil judgment on June 3, 2002, ordering Junxing Company to pay off the above said USD 24,643,383.31 (or an equivalent amount of HKD when the loans were repaid) and HKD 120,850,002.17 of loans, the interest counted from March 23, 2002 to the date when the judgment was made (including the interest of USD 14 million of principal of loans, which was calculated at the annual interest rate of 12.125%, and the interest of HKD 67,992,581.32 of L/C financing principal, which was calculated at the annual interest rate of 11.40%), as well as the interest calculated at the adjudicated interest rate, which Agricultural Finance Company asserted.
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原审法院重新组成合议庭按普通程序对本案重新审理。在审理中，原审法院告知农银公司应就主合同向有管辖权的法院提起诉讼或仲裁，以确定其对俊兴公司的债权额。2002年6月18日，农银公司向原审法院提交了包括香港高等法院的传讯令状和判决书在内的有关诉讼材料。该诉讼材料表明，农银公司于2002年4月17日以俊兴公司和三星车桥公司及其法定代表人谢惕广为被告向香港高等法院提起诉讼，要求三被告偿还本案所涉1400万美元的贷款本金及其截止2002年3月22日的欠息、手续费，共计港币120 850 002．17元，香港高等法院于2002年6月3日作出 2002年第1453号民事判决，判令俊兴公司偿还农银公司所主张的上述 24 643 383．31美元(或于清偿时其等值港元)和120 850 002．17港元的欠款及从 2002年3月23日至判决日期该欠款的利息(其中1400万美元的贷款本金的利息以年利率12．125厘计，67 992 581．32港元的信用证融资款本金以年利率11．40厘计)，及其后以判决利率计算的利息，直至完全付清。
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