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Xiamen Oriental Design & Decoration Project Co., Ltd. v Fujian Shihua Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (Case on Dispute over Contract on Exclusive Sale of Commercial Houses)
厦门东方设计装修工程有限公司与福建省实华房地产开发有限公司商品房包销合同纠纷案
【法宝引证码】

Xiamen Oriental Design & Decoration Project Co., Ltd. v Fujian Shihua Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (Case on Dispute over Contract on Exclusive Sale of Commercial Houses)
(Case on Dispute over Contract on Exclusive Sale of Commercial Houses)
厦门东方设计装修工程有限公司与福建省实华房地产开发有限公司商品房包销合同纠纷案

Xiamen Oriental Design & Decoration Project Co., Ltd. v Fujian Shihua Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.
(Case on Dispute over Contract on Exclusive Sale of Commercial Houses)@#

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Civil Judgment of the Supreme People's Court@#

No. 51, Tribunal No. 1 [2005]

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BASIC FACTS@#

Appellant (Plaintiff of the original instance, defendant in the first instance countercharge): Xiamen Oriental Design & Decoration Project Co., Ltd., domiciled on Floor 23, Haiguang Plaza, Lujiang Ave, Xiamen Municipality, Fujian Province@#
Legal Representative: Xu Tenghui, chairman of the board of directors of the Company@#
Authorized Agent: Yu Ningjie, lawyer of Fujian Tianze Guangye Law Firm@#
Authorized Agent: Zheng Shuiyuan, lawyer of Fujian Tianheng Joint Law Firm@#
Appellant (Defendant of the original instance, plaintiff in the first instance countercharge): Fujian Shihua Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., domiciled on Floor 10, Wuyi Center, No, 33, Dongjie Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City@#
Legal Representative: Li Liming, chairman of the board of directors of the Company@#
Authorized Agent: Wu Miaohua, lawyer of Fujian Junli Law Firm@#
Authorized Agent: Zhang Jian, lawyer of Beijing Branch of Fujian Junli Law Firm@#
PROCEDURAL POSTURE@#
Xiamen Oriental Design & Decoration Project Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Oriental Co., Ltd.) was dissatisfied with the Civil Judgment No. 59 (2004) of the Higher People's Court of Fujian Province for a case involving the dispute over exclusive sale of commercial houses. This Court formed a collegiate bench according to law on July 28, 2005 and publicly heard this case. Yu Ningjie, Zheng Shuiyuan, authorized agents of Oriental Co., Ltd. Wu Miaohua, and Zhang Jian, authorized agents of Shihua Co., Ltd, attended the hearing. This case has now been concluded.@#
The court of the first instance found through hearing that: In August, 2003, Oriental Co., Ltd. and Shihua Co., Ltd. concluded a Contract on Exclusive Sale of Real Estate, stipulating that: 1. Shihua Co., Ltd. shall deliver the building complex “Shihua Flats” under its development and construction to Oriental Co., Ltd.. The floor area of the building complex is 93, 602. 7 sq meters, of which the store area is 5, 174. 4 sq meters, and the house area is 85, 727 .1 sq meters, and there are 224 parking lots. 2. The right to exclusive sale: Oriental Co., Ltd. shall, as the exclusive dealer of logistics, be fully in charge of the sale of the building complex, implementation of the sales advertising as well as the design and construction of garden sights and forestation of the whole building complex. 3. Term for exclusive sale: Within 30 months as of the day when the License for Advance Sale of Commercial Houses is signed and issued, while the term for exclusive sale of parking lots is 42 months. 4. The guarantee money for exclusive sale: Oriental Co., Ltd. shall pay 2 million yuan to Shihua Co., Ltd.. It shall pay the first installment of 1 million yuan within 5 workdays as of the day when this Contract is concluded and pay off the remnant 1 million yuan within 1 month as of the day when the License for Advance Sale of Commercial Houses is issued. Where Oriental Co., Ltd, fails to pay the second installment of guarantee money in full amount, Shihua Co., Ltd. has the right to confiscate the first installment of guarantee money and terminate the Contract. The aforesaid guarantee money shall be refunded upon sale and delivery of the building complex. 5. The base price and profits of exclusive sale: The price of residential house shall be 2, 600 yuan /sq meters, the price of store shall be 6,000 yuan/ sq meters and the parking lot shall be 70, 000 yuan /sq meters. The spillover price upon deduction of the base price from the sales price shall be taken as the proceeds generated from the exclusive sale and shall all be turned over to Oriental Co., Ltd.. 6. The obligations and rights of both parties concerned: Shihua Co., Ltd. shall, after the salesmen of Oriental Co., Ltd. sign the relevant contract, make a final confirmation by affixing a seal to the contract on the sale of real estate (the contract model will come into force upon the affirmation of Shihua Co., Ltd.). Oriental Co., Ltd. shall complete 20 % of the landscape construction and forestation within 45 days as of the day when the License for Advance Sale of Commercial Houses is issued, 40 % within half a year and 80 % within 1 year and 100% within 1 year and a half. 7. The confirmation of business achievements of exclusive sale: A house purchaser and Shihua Co., Ltd. shall conclude a Contract on Advance Sale of Commercial Houses, and pay the down payment (installments or mortgage loans). The down payment for installments shall not be any lower than 30% the total house price. The payment by means of mortgage loans shall be confirmed before the bank officially receives the relevant documents, which can be calculated into the business achievements of Oriental Co., Ltd, yet Oriental Co., Ltd. shall not claim any right to the spillover price. After the bank formally receives the relevant documents, it shall handle the relevant matters according to the stipulations of this Contract. 8. The progress of and term for exclusive sale: In the first stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 20 % of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 60 days as of license issuance. In the second stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 50 % of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 180 days as of license issuance. In the third stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 60 % of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 240 days as of license issuance. In the fourth stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 70 % the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 15 months as of license issuance. In the fifth stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 85 % of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 18 months as of license issuance. In the sixth stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sales of 70 % of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 18 months as of license issuance. In the sixth stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sale of 95% of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 24 months as of license issuance. In the seventh stage, Oriental Co., Ltd. shall guarantee the sales of 100% of the building area, for which the License for Advance Sale has been obtained, within 30 months as of license issuance. In the eighth stage, the sales of parking lots shall be fulfilled within 3 years and 6 months as of the issuance of the License for Advance Sales of Commercial Houses. 9. Terms on Breach: Shihua Co., Ltd. shall obtain a License for Advance Sale of Commercial Houses before November 30, 2003. Otherwise, in the case of 3-month default, Shihua Co., Ltd. shall repay at double amount the guarantee money that Oriental Co., Ltd. has paid and Oriental Co., Ltd. has the right to terminate the contract or continue the performance of the contract.@#
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厦门东方设计装修工程有限公司与福建省实华房地产开发有限公司商品房包销合同纠纷案@#
【裁判摘要】@#
当事人签订的合同中,对某一具体事项使用了不同的词语进行表述,在发生纠纷后双方当事人对这些词语的理解产生分歧的,人民法院在审判案件时应当结合合同全文、双方当事人经济往来的全过程,对当事人订立合同时的真实意思表示作出判断,在此基础上根据诚实信用的原则,对这些词语加以解释。不能简单、片面地强调词语文义上存在的差别。@#
中华人民共和国最高人民法院民事判决书@#
(2005)民一终字第51号@#
@#
上诉人(原审原告、原审反诉被告):厦门东方设计装修工程有限公司,住所地福建省厦门市鹭江道海光大厦23楼。@#
法定代表人:许腾辉,该公司董事长。@#
委托代理人:于宁杰,福建天泽广业律师事务所律师。@#
委托代理人:郑水园,福建天衡联合律师事务所律师。@#
上诉人(原审被告、原审反诉原告):福建省实华房地产开发有限公司,住所地福建省福州市鼓楼区东街33号武夷中心10层。@#
法定代表人:李立明,该公司董事长。@#
委托代理人:吴妙华,福建君立律师事务所律师。@#
委托代理人:张健,福建君立律师事务所北京分所律师。@#
@#
上诉人厦门东方设计装修工程有限公司(以下简称东方公司)与上诉人福建省实华房地产开发有限公司(以下简称实华公司)因商品房包销合同纠纷一案,不服福建省高级人民法院(2004)闽民初字第59号民事判决,向本院提起上诉。本院依法组成合议庭于2005年7月28日公开开庭审理了本案。上诉人东方公司的委托代理人于宁杰、郑水园,上诉人实华公司的委托代理人吴妙华、张健到庭参加了诉讼。本案现已审理终结。@#
一审法院经审理查明:2003年8月,东方公司与实华公司签订了一份《房产包销合同》,双方约定:一、实华公司将其开发建设的“实华公寓”楼盘全部交由东方公司包销,该楼盘建筑面积93602.7平方米,其中店面5174.4平方米,住宅85727.1平方米,车位224个。二、包销权限:东方公司作为该物业的包销商,全权负责该楼盘的销售及销售过程中的广告实施及整个楼盘园林景观、绿化的设计施工。三、包销期限:自《商品房预售许可证》签发之日起30个月内,车位包销期限为42个月。四、包销保证金:东方公司应向实华公司支付200万元人民币的包销保证金。在本合同签订之日起五个工作日内,支付第一期保证金100万元,余下100万元待《商品房预售许可证》颁发之日起一个月内付清。逾期三个工作日未交足第二笔保证金,实华公司有权没收第一笔保证金并终止合同。上述保证金在房屋销售和交房后退还。五、包销底价及包销利润:住宅2600元/平方米,店面6000元/平方米,车位7万元/个,合同销售价超出上述底价的溢价部分,作为东方公司的包销利润全部归其所有。六、双方的权利义务:实华公司在东方公司售楼人员填定合同后,最终对售楼合同签章确认(合同样本经实华公司认可后生效);东方公司在《商品房预售许可证》下达之日起45天内,景观绿化投入量达20%,半年内达40%,一年内达80%,一年半内投入量达100%。七、包销业绩确认:购房人与实华公司签订《商品房预售合同》,并付首期款(分期或按揭),分期付款的首期款不低于总房款的30%,按揭付款在银行正式收件前,即确认成交,计入东方公司业绩,但东方公司不得就该部分溢价款主张权利。银行正式收件后,则按本合同约定执行。八、包销进度及期限:第一阶段,东方公司在取得预售许可证后60天内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的20%的销售业绩。第二阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后180天内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的50%的销售业绩。第三阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后240天内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的60%的销售业绩。第四阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后15个月内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的70%的销售业绩。第五阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后18个月内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的85%的销售业绩。第六阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后24个月内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的95%的销售业绩。第七阶段,东方公司保证在预售许可证颁发后30个月内完成已取得预售许可证楼体销售面积的100%的销售业绩。第八阶段,车位自《商品房预售许可证》签发之日起三年零六个月完成80%的销售业绩。九、违约事项:实华公司应在2003年11月30日前办妥该楼盘的《商品房预售许可证》,否则逾期三个月,实华公司应双倍返还东方公司已付保证金,东方公司有权终止合同,或继续履约。@#
合同签订后,东方公司于2003年7月23日向实华公司支付了第一笔包销保证金100万元,并委托他人进行景观设计、绿化施工和广告发布,投入费用达603100元。实华公司分别于2004年2月12日、3月18日、5月11日分三批取得该楼盘19幢楼体的《商品房预售许可证》,东方公司对实华公司迟延办理《商品房预售许可证》未提出异议,但对销售业绩计算起始日及其确定的开盘日期提出异议。2004年2月23日,实华公司与东方公司召开“实华·蓝湾雅境”楼盘包销等相关事宜协调会,并形成福建省实华房地产开发有限公司“关于‘实华·蓝湾雅境'楼盘包销等相关事宜协调会会议纪要”。该纪要第一条载明:实华公司分批向东方公司提供《商品房预售许可证》。实华公司根据“实华·蓝湾雅境”项目建设进展情况,分批申办《商品房预售许可证》,并将分批所取得的《商品房预售许可证》提供给东方公司;实华公司以实际所取得预售楼盘幢数考核东方公司销售业绩。在此期间,东方公司与部分购房者签订了《商品房预售合同》,并收取了部分购房者的定金。此外,实华公司与东方公司还对部分房产的售价、购房款的银行按揭贷款及销售业绩的确认等问题产生争议,双方以函件形式进行过协商。@#
2004年3月30日,福州市房地产管理局分别致函实华公司与东方公司,函称:根据购房者的投诉,实华公司与东方公司签订了商品房包销合同。经查,东方公司未在该局进行房地产中介企业资质登记备案,根据建设部《城市房地产中介服务管理规定》和《福建省房地产经纪人管理办法》的有关规定,凡没有取得房地产中介企业资格的企业不得从事房地产中介业务,请两公司终止双方签订的商品房包销合同。同日,实华公司函告东方公司,除依照福州市房地产管理局通知必须终止《房产包销合同》外,东方公司未按合同约定支付第二笔保证金,实华公司可以终止合同。东方公司收到实华公司解除合同的通知后直至起诉前未提出异议。2004年7月29日,福州市房地产管理局致函东方公司和实华公司,撤销了其2004年3月30日向上述两公司的致函。@#
东方公司于2004年10月27日以实华公司严重违约、应承担全部违约责任为由,将实华公司诉至福建省高级人民法院,请求判令实华公司承担违约责任并赔偿东方公司经济损失5000万元人民币;请求判令实华公司退还东方公司包销保证金100万元,并由实华公司承担本案所发生的一切诉讼费用。实华公司辩称,东方公司的违约是导致《房产包销合同》终止和无法继续履行的主要原因,实华公司对此并无过错;东方公司要求实华公司赔偿经济损失5000万元没有事实依据,既然双方签订的《房产包销合同》已于2004年3月30日终止,东方公司则不得依据已经终止的合同主张未实际包销房产的可得利益;东方公司要求返还包销保证金100万元违背了《房产包销合同》的约定。据此,实华公司请求驳回东方公司的诉讼请求。@#
实华公司在一审中提起反诉,请求判决实华公司与东方公司签订的《房产包销合同》已经依约终止;判决实华公司对东方公司已交的第一笔包销保证金100万元不予返还;判决东方公司承担本案的全部诉讼费用。东方公司辩称,双方约定的全额支付包销保证金的条件没有成立,根据包销合同第十条约定,实华公司应于2003年11月30日办妥全部的《商品房预售许可证》,直至2004年2月和3月实华公司才办好部分房屋的预售许可证,合同约定的交房时间是2005年6月,而实际交房是2005年8月,由于实华公司没有履行办理预售许可证的义务,导致东方公司无法履行保证金的交付义务;由于实华公司的违约行为,导致东方公司的绿化设计和绿化施工无法进行;福州市房地产管理局的通知从形式到内容均违法,对当事人不具有强制力,该局已自行撤销了该行政行为,故应驳回实华公司的反诉请求。@#
一审法院审理认为:从东方公司与实华公司签订的《房产包销合同》中对包销期限、包销保证金以及违约事项的约定来看,东方公司应当自第一份预售许可证颁发后即支付第二笔包销保证金。如果将包销保证金的支付时间理解为全部预售许可证颁发之后,显然与约定保证金的目的和保证金的属性相悖。实华公司未在《房产包销合同》的约定时间内办妥实华公寓楼盘的《商品房预售许可证》,东方公司未选择解除合同,也未请求实华公司双倍支付包销保证金,而是选择了继续履行合同,即应履行合同约定的支付第二笔包销保证金的义务。东方公司在接到实华公司通知后,未在第一次《商品房预售许可证》颁发之日起约定的时间内支付第二笔包销保证金,实华公司依合同约定可以行使解除合同的权利。依据《房产包销合同》第四条的约定,东方公司未如期支付包销保证金,实华公司可以终止合同并没收东方公司已交的第一笔包销保证金100万元。《房产包销合同》终止前,东方公司已经与他人签订商品房预售合同并收取定金的部分房产,可依照合同的约定,予以计算包销溢价。合同终止后,原合同约定的内容均不发生法律效力,即不依原合同约定计算包销溢价。东方公司主张实华公司违约应承担违约责任,应退还包销保证金,并赔偿合同解除时未包销部分房产溢价损失的请求,缺乏事实和法律依据,不予支持。实华公司反诉东方公司未按约支付第二笔包销保证金,致双方签订的合同终止,其已支付的第一笔包销保证金不予返还的请求有理,应予支持。根据《中华人民共和国合同法》第九十一条第一款第七项、第九十三条、第九十六条第一款、第九十七条的规定,遂判决:一、东方公司与实华公司签订的《房产包销合同》从2004年3月30日起就已解除的事实予以确认;二、东方公司已经支付给实华公司的第一笔包销保证金100万元不予返还;三、实华公司应支付给东方公司在《房产包销合同》解除前,已签订《商品房预售合同》、交纳定金,并在《房产包销合同》解除后实际支付首期款的部分房产的溢价3776604.8元;四、驳回东方公司的其他诉讼请求。本诉案件受理费265010元,由东方公司负担240010元,实华公司负担25000元;反诉案件受理费15010元,由东方公司负担。@#
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