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Gu Shanfang v. Zhang Xiaojun, Lin Xinggang, and Zhong Wujun (A case regarding dispute over right of recovery)
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顾善芳诉张小君、林兴钢、钟武军追偿权纠纷案
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Gu Shanfang v. Zhang Xiaojun, Lin Xinggang, and Zhong Wujun (A case regarding dispute over right of recovery)
顾善芳诉张小君、林兴钢、钟武军追偿权纠纷案
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| Gu Shanfang v. Zhang Xiaojun, Lin Xinggang, and Zhong Wujun (A case regarding dispute over right of recovery) | | 顾善芳诉张小君、林兴钢、钟武军追偿权纠纷案 |
| [Judgment Abstract] | | [裁判摘要] |
| If a dispute over the understanding of the standard terms occurs, it should be interpreted according to the common understanding. Only when there are two or more interpretations on such standard terms according to the common understanding, the doctrine of contra proferentem should be adopted. When the number of guarantors of the joint and several guarantee is decreased, the guarantee shares should be allocated according to the actual number of guarantors. | | 对格式条款的理解发生争议的，首先应当按照通常理解予以解释。只有按照通常理解对格式条款有两种以上解释的，才应采用不利解释原则。连带共同保证中保证人减少时，应按实际保证人人数平均分配保证份额。 |
BASIC FACTS | | |
| Plaintiff: Gu Shanfang, male, 45 years old, Chinese Han, domiciled in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province. | | 原告：顾善芳。 |
| Defendant: Zhang Xiaojun, female, 30 years old, Chinese Han, domiciled in Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province. | | 被告：张小君。 |
| Defendant: Lin Xinggang, male, 51 years old, Chinese Han, domiciled in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. | | 被告：林兴钢。 |
| Defendant: Zhong Wujun, male, 42 years old, Chinese Han, domiciled in Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. | | 被告：钟武军。 |
| Plaintiff Gu Shanfang filed a lawsuit with the People's Court of Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province for dispute over right of recovery against defendants Zhang Xiaojun, Lin Xinggang, and Zhong Wujun. | | 原告顾善芳因与被告张小君、被告林兴钢、被告钟武军发生追偿权纠纷，向浙江省余姚市人民法院提起诉讼。 |
| Plaintiff Gu Shanfang alleged that: On August 26, 2010, Ma Darong (a person not involved in the case), plaintiff, and the three defendants concluded a contract on guarantee with the maximum amount with Yuyao Branch of Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. in Ningbo City (a party not involved in the case, hereinafter referred to as “Yuyao Branch of Tailong Bank”). According to the contract, plaintiff and the three defendants voluntarily provided guarantee for the maximum amount of the creditor's rights actually formed by various kinds of business handled at Yuyao Branch of Tailong Bank for Ma Darong as agreed from August 26, 2010 to August 26, 2011, with the maximum amount of CNY3,500,000. On February 21, 2011 and May 31, 2011, Ma Darong concluded two loan contracts with Yuyao Branch of Tailong Bank, with the loan amounts of CNY950,000 and CNY600,000. Afterwards, Ma Darong had no other loans up to August 26, 2011 and plaintiff and the three defendants were joint and several guarantors for the aforesaid loans. Since Ma Darong failed to perform the liability of repayment, on August 1, September 30, and December 15, 2011, plaintiff repaid Yuyao Branch of Tailong Bank Ma Darong's loans and interest in the amounts of CNY200,000, CNY834,000, and CNY541,207.46 respectively. Afterwards, plaintiff repeatedly sought recovery from Ma Darong, but all failed. In order to safeguard his lawful rights and interests, plaintiff Gu Shanfang filed a lawsuit with the People's Court of Yuyao City and requested the Court to legally order that: (1) defendants Zhang Xiaojun, Lin Xinggang, and Zhong Wujun should separately assume the guarantee liability within their respective shares, namely, each person should repay plaintiff CNY393,801.87; (2) the litigation fee of this case should be borne by the three defendants. In the proceedings, plaintiff altered his claims to: (1) defendants Lin Xinggang and Zhong Wujun should assume the guarantee liability within their respective shares, namely, each person should repay plaintiff CNY525,069.15; and (2) the three defendants should bear the litigation fee of this case. | | 原告顾善芳起诉称：2010年8月26日，案外人马达荣和原告及三被告与案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行签订了最高额保证合同一份，合同载明：原告与三被告自愿为案外人马达荣自2010年8月26日起至2011年8月26日止，在案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行处办理约定的各类业务实际形成的债权的最高额折合人民币3 500 000元提供担保。案外人马达荣分别于2011年2月21日、2011年5月31日与案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行签订了两份借款合同，借款金额分别为950 000元和600 000元。此后，案外人马达荣截止至2011年8月26日没有其他借款，原告和三被告成为上述款项的连带共同保证人。后案外人马达荣没有履行偿还责任，原告分别于2011年8月1日、9月30日、12月15日向浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行清偿债务人马达荣的借款及利息分别为200 000元、834 000元和541 207．46元。此后，原告多次向案外人马达荣追偿不能。为维护自身的合法权益，向法院提起诉讼，请求依法判令：一、被告张小君、林兴钢、钟武军分别承担自己份额内的保证责任，即每人清偿原告393 801．87元；二、本案诉讼费由三被告承担。在诉讼过程中，原告变更诉讼请求：一、被告林兴钢、钟武军分别承担自己份额内的保证责任，即每人清偿原告525 069．15元；二、由三被告连带承担本案诉讼费。 |
| ．．．．．． | | 原告顾善芳为证明其诉讼请求，向法院提供了如下证据材料：1．《浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司借款合同》二份、《浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司最高额保证合同》一份、补充协议二份、放款通知书二份； 2。浙江泰隆商业银行对私账户明细对账单二份、证明二份、结清证明一份、浙江泰隆商业银行特种转账贷方传票三份。 |
| | 被告张小君答辩称：最高额保证合同上本被告未签字，不承担保证责任。张小君未向法院提供证据，但申请对浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行与马达荣和原告及三被告签订的最高额保证合同上签名进行鉴定。 |
| | 被告林兴钢答辩称：对原告顾善芳的诉讼请求没有意见。被告林兴钢未向法院提供证据。 |
| | 被告钟武军答辩称：本被告与案外人马达荣约定，由案外人马达荣的妻子即被告张小君作担保后，本人同意担保，现张小君并非本人签名，故案外人马达荣与浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行有可能存在串通或欺骗行为；且浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行与马达荣和原告及三被告签订的最高额保证合同第8条约定合同自各方当事人签字或盖章后生效，现张小君并非本人签名，故该最高额保证合同未生效，本被告不承担保证责任。原告顾善芳在诉讼期间变更诉讼请求，超过了举证期限，原告应另行主张。被告钟武军未向法院提供证据。 |
| | 根据被告张小君的申请，浙江省余姚市人民法院委托浙江大学司法鉴定中心对张小君在浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行与马达荣和原告及三被告签订的最高额保证合同上的签名进行笔迹鉴定，鉴定意见为落款日期为2010年8月26日的《浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司最高额保证合同》上“张小君”的签名不是张小君本人所签。 |
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| | 浙江省余姚市人民法院一审查明： |
| | 2010年8月26日，案外人马达荣和原告顾善芳与被告林兴钢、钟武军及“张小君”与案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行签订了最高额保证合同一份，合同载明：原告顾善芳、被告林兴钢、钟武军及“张小君”自愿为债务人(马达荣)自2010年8月26日起至2011年8月26日止，在债权人(浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行)处办理约定的各类业务实际形成的债权的最高额折合人民币3 500 000元提供担保。但该最高额保证合同中“张小君”的名字并非被告张小君本人签名。案外人马达荣分别于2011年2月21日、2011年5月31日与案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行签订了两份借款合同，借款金额分别为950 000元和600 000元。后案外人马达荣没有履行偿还责任，原告分别于2011年8月1日、2011年9月20日、2011年12月15日向案外人浙江泰隆商业银行股份有限公司宁波余姚支行清偿案外人马达荣的借款及利息分别为200 000元、834 000元和541 207．46元。 |
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