China's Military Strategy | | 中国的军事战略 |
| (May 2015 State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China) | | （2015年5月 国务院新闻办公室） |
| Contents | | 目 录 |
| Preface | | 前 言 |
| I. National Security Situation | | 一、国家安全形势 |
| II. Missions and Strategic Tasks of China's Armed Forces | | 二、军队使命和战略任务 |
| III. Strategic Guideline of Active Defense | | 三、积极防御战略方针 |
| IV. Building and Development of China's Armed Forces | | 四、军事力量建设发展 |
| V. Preparation for Military Struggle | | 五、军事斗争准备 |
| VI. Military and Security Cooperation | | 六、军事安全合作 |
| Preface | | 前言 |
| The world today is undergoing unprecedented changes, and China is at a critical stage of reform and development. In their endeavor to realize the Chinese Dream of great national rejuvenation, the Chinese people aspire to join hands with the rest of the world to maintain peace, pursue development and share prosperity. | | 当今世界正面临前所未有之大变局，当代中国正处于改革发展的关键阶段。中国人民在为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的奋斗中，希望同世界各国一道共护和平、共谋发展、共享繁荣。 |
| China's destiny is vitally interrelated with that of the world as a whole. A prosperous and stable world would provide China with opportunities, while China's peaceful development also offers an opportunity for the whole world. China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, oppose hegemonism and power politics in all forms, and will never seek hegemony or expansion. China's armed forces will remain a staunch force in maintaining world peace. | | 中国同世界的命运紧密相连、息息相关，世界繁荣稳定是中国的机遇，中国和平发展也是世界的机遇。中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策和防御性国防政策，反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。中国军队始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量。 |
| Building a strong national defense and powerful armed forces is a strategic task of China's modernization drive and a security guarantee for China's peaceful development. Subordinate to and serving the national strategic goal, China's military strategy is an overarching guidance for blueprinting and directing the building and employment of the country's armed forces. At this new historical starting point, China's armed forces will adapt themselves to new changes in the national security environment, firmly follow the goal of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to build a strong military for the new situation, implement the military strategic guideline of active defense in the new situation, accelerate the modernization of national defense and armed forces, resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty, security and development interests, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the national strategic goal of the "two centenaries" and for realizing the Chinese Dream of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. | | 建设巩固国防和强大军队是中国现代化建设的战略任务，是国家和平发展的安全保障。军事战略是筹划和指导军事力量建设和运用的总方略，服从服务于国家战略目标。站在新的历史起点上，中国军队适应国家安全环境新变化，紧紧围绕实现中国共产党在新形势下的强军目标，贯彻新形势下积极防御军事战略方针，加快推进国防和军队现代化，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚强保障。 |
| I. National Security Situation | | 一、国家安全形势 |
| In today's world, the global trends toward multi-polarity and economic globalization are intensifying, and an information society is rapidly coming into being. Countries are increasingly bound together in a community of shared destiny. Peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit have become an irresistible tide of the times. | | 当今时代，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化深入发展，国际社会日益成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体，和平、发展、合作、共赢成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。 |
| Profound changes are taking place in the international situation, as manifested in the historic changes in the balance of power, global governance structure, Asia-Pacific geostrategic landscape, and international competition in the economic, scientific and technological, and military fields. The forces for world peace are on the rise, so are the factors against war. In the foreseeable future, a world war is unlikely, and the international situation is expected to remain generally peaceful. There are, however, new threats from hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism. International competition for the redistribution of power, rights and interests is tending to intensify. Terrorist activities are growing increasingly worrisome. Hotspot issues, such as ethnic, religious, border and territorial disputes, are complex and volatile. Small-scale wars, conflicts and crises are recurrent in some regions. Therefore, the world still faces both immediate and potential threats of local wars. | | 国际形势深刻演变，国际力量对比、全球治理体系结构、亚太地缘战略格局和国际经济、科技、军事竞争格局正在发生历史性变化。维护和平的力量上升，制约战争的因素增多，在可预见的未来，世界大战打不起来，总体和平态势可望保持。但是，霸权主义、强权政治和新干涉主义将有新的发展，各种国际力量围绕权力和权益再分配的斗争趋于激烈，恐怖主义活动日益活跃，民族宗教矛盾、边界领土争端等热点复杂多变，小战不断、冲突不止、危机频发仍是一些地区的常态，世界依然面临现实和潜在的局部战争威胁。 |
| With a generally favorable external environment, China will remain in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved. China's comprehensive national strength, core competitiveness and risk-resistance capacity are notably increasing, and China enjoys growing international standing and influence. Domestically, the Chinese people's standard of living has remarkably improved, and Chinese society remains stable. China, as a large developing country, still faces multiple and complex security threats, as well as increasing external impediments and challenges. Subsistence and development security concerns, as well as traditional and non-traditional security threats are interwoven. Therefore, China has an arduous task to safeguard its national unification, territorial integrity and development interests. | | 中国发展仍将处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期，外部环境总体有利。国家综合国力、核心竞争力、抵御风险能力显著增强，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高，人民生活显著改善，社会大局保持稳定。作为一个发展中大国，中国仍然面临多元复杂的安全威胁，遇到的外部阻力和挑战逐步增多，生存安全问题和发展安全问题、传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，维护国家统一、维护领土完整、维护发展利益的任务艰巨繁重。 |
| As the world economic and strategic center of gravity is shifting ever more rapidly to the Asia-Pacific region, the US carries on its "rebalancing" strategy and enhances its military presence and its military alliances in this region. Japan is sparing no effort to dodge the post-war mechanism, overhauling its military and security policies. Such development has caused grave concerns among other countries in the region. On the issues concerning China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, some of its offshore neighbors take provocative actions and reinforce their military presence on China's reefs and islands that they have illegally occupied. Some external countries are also busy meddling in South China Sea affairs; a tiny few maintain constant close-in air and sea surveillance and reconnaissance against China. It is thus a long-standing task for China to safeguard its maritime rights and interests. Certain disputes over land territory are still smoldering. The Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia are shrouded in instability and uncertainty. Regional terrorism, separatism and extremism are rampant. All these have a negative impact on the security and stability along China's periphery. | | 随着世界经济和战略重心加速向亚太地区转移，美国持续推进亚太“再平衡”战略，强化其地区军事存在和军事同盟体系。日本积极谋求摆脱战后体制，大幅调整军事安全政策，国家发展走向引起地区国家高度关注。个别海上邻国在涉及中国领土主权和海洋权益问题上采取挑衅性举动，在非法“占据”的中方岛礁上加强军事存在。一些域外国家也极力插手南海事务，个别国家对华保持高频度海空抵近侦察，海上方向维权斗争将长期存在。一些陆地领土争端也依然存在。朝鲜半岛和东北亚地区局势存在诸多不稳定和不确定因素。地区恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义活动猖獗，也对中国周边安全稳定带来不利影响。 |
| The Taiwan issue bears on China's reunification and long-term development, and reunification is an inevitable trend in the course of national rejuvenation. In recent years, cross-Taiwan Straits relations have sustained a sound momentum of peaceful development, but the root cause of instability has not yet been removed, and the "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their activities are still the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. Further, China faces a formidable task to maintain political security and social stability. Separatist forces for "East Turkistan independence" and "Tibet independence" have inflicted serious damage, particularly with escalating violent terrorist activities by "East Turkistan independence" forces. Besides, anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a "color revolution" in this country. Consequently, China faces more challenges in terms of national security and social stability. With the growth of China's national interests, its national security is more vulnerable to international and regional turmoil, terrorism, piracy, serious natural disasters and epidemics, and the security of overseas interests concerning energy and resources, strategic sea lines of communication (SLOCs), as well as institutions, personnel and assets abroad, has become an imminent issue. | | 台湾问题事关国家统一和长远发展，国家统一是中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史必然。近年来两岸关系保持和平发展良好势头，但影响台海局势稳定的根源并未消除，“台独”分裂势力及其分裂活动仍然是两岸关系和平发展的最大威胁。维护国家政治安全和社会稳定的任务艰巨繁重，“东突”“藏独”分裂势力危害严重，特别是“东突”暴力恐怖活动威胁升级，反华势力图谋制造“颜色革命”，国家安全和社会稳定面临更多挑战。随着国家利益不断拓展，国际和地区局势动荡、恐怖主义、海盗活动、重大自然灾害和疾病疫情等都可能对国家安全构成威胁，海外能源资源、战略通道安全以及海外机构、人员和资产安全等海外利益安全问题凸显。 |
| The world revolution in military affairs (RMA) is proceeding to a new stage. Long-range, precise, smart, stealthy and unmanned weapons and equipment are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Outer space and cyber space have become new commanding heights in strategic competition among all parties. The form of war is accelerating its evolution to informationization. World major powers are actively adjusting their national security strategies and defense policies, and speeding up their military transformation and force restructuring. The aforementioned revolutionary changes in military technologies and the form of war have not only had a significant impact on the international political and military landscapes, but also posed new and severe challenges to China's military security. | | 世界新军事革命深入发展，武器装备远程精确化、智能化、隐身化、无人化趋势明显，太空和网络空间成为各方战略竞争新的制高点，战争形态加速向信息化战争演变。世界主要国家积极调整国家安全战略和防务政策，加紧推进军事转型，重塑军事力量体系。军事技术和战争形态的革命性变化，对国际政治军事格局产生重大影响，对中国军事安全带来新的严峻挑战。 |
| II. Missions and Strategic Tasks of China's Armed Forces | | 二、军队使命和战略任务 |
| China's national strategic goal is to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2021 when the CPC celebrates its centenary; and the building of a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious by 2049 when the People's Republic of China (PRC) marks its centenary. It is a Chinese Dream of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese Dream is to make the country strong. China's armed forces take their dream of making the military strong as part of the Chinese Dream. Without a strong military, a country can be neither safe nor strong. In the new historical period, aiming at the CPC's goal of building a strong military in the new situation, China's armed forces will unswervingly adhere to the principle of the CPC's absolute leadership, uphold combat effectiveness as the sole and fundamental standard, carry on their glorious traditions, and work to build themselves into a people's military that follows the CPC's commands, can fight and win, and boasts a fine style of work. | | 中国的国家战略目标，就是实现在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会、在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的奋斗目标，就是实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。中国梦是强国梦，对军队来说就是强军梦。强军才能卫国，强国必须强军。新的历史时期，中国军队以中国共产党在新形势下的强军目标为总纲，毫不动摇坚持党对军队绝对领导，始终把战斗力作为唯一的根本的标准，大力弘扬光荣传统和优良作风，建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队。 |
| In the new circumstances, the national security issues facing China encompass far more subjects, extend over a greater range, and cover a longer time span than at any time in the country's history. Internally and externally, the factors at play are more complex than ever before. Therefore, it is necessary to uphold a holistic view of national security, balance internal and external security, homeland and citizen security, traditional and non-traditional security, subsistence and development security, and China's own security and the common security of the world. | | 在新的时代条件下，中国国家安全内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富，时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广，内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂，必须坚持总体国家安全观，统筹内部安全和外部安全、国土安全和国民安全、传统安全和非传统安全、生存安全和发展安全、自身安全和共同安全。 |
| To realize China's national strategic goal and implement the holistic view of national security, new requirements have been raised for innovative development of China's military strategy and the accomplishment of military missions and tasks. In response to the new requirement of safeguarding national security and development interests, China's armed forces will work harder to create a favorable strategic posture with more emphasis on the employment of military forces and means, and provide a solid security guarantee for the country's peaceful development. In response to the new requirement arising from the changing security situation, the armed forces will constantly innovate strategic guidance and operational thoughts so as to ensure the capabilities of fighting and winning. In response to the new requirement arising from the worldwide RMA, the armed forces will pay close attention to the challenges in new security domains, and work hard to seize the strategic initiative in military competition. In response to the new requirement coming from the country's growing strategic interests, the armed forces will actively participate in both regional and international security cooperation and effectively secure China's overseas interests. And in response to the new requirement arising from China's all-round and deepening reform, the armed forces will continue to follow the path of civil-military integration (CMI), actively participate in the country's economic and social construction, and firmly maintain social stability, so as to remain a staunch force for upholding the CPC's ruling position and a reliable force for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. | | 实现国家战略目标，贯彻总体国家安全观，对创新发展军事战略、有效履行军队使命任务提出了新的需求。要适应维护国家安全和发展利益的新要求，更加注重运用军事力量和手段营造有利战略态势，为实现和平发展提供坚强有力的安全保障；适应国家安全形势发展的新要求，不断创新战略指导和作战思想，确保能打仗、打胜仗；适应世界新军事革命的新要求，高度关注应对新型安全领域挑战，努力掌握军事竞争战略主动权；适应国家战略利益发展的新要求，积极参与地区和国际安全合作，有效维护海外利益安全；适应国家全面深化改革的新要求，坚持走军民融合式发展道路，积极支援国家经济社会建设，坚决维护社会大局稳定，使军队始终成为党巩固执政地位的中坚力量和建设中国特色社会主义的可靠力量。 |
| China's armed forces will effectively perform their missions in the new historical period, resolutely uphold the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, safeguard China's sovereignty, security and development interests, safeguard the important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, maintain regional and world peace, and strive to provide a strong guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. | | 中国军队有效履行新的历史时期军队使命，坚决维护中国共产党的领导和中国特色社会主义制度，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，坚决维护国家发展的重要战略机遇期，坚决维护地区与世界和平，为全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴提供坚强保障。 |
China's armed forces mainly shoulder the following strategic tasks:
-- To deal with a wide range of emergencies and military threats, and effectively safeguard the sovereignty and security of China's territorial land, air and sea;
-- To resolutely safeguard the unification of the motherland;
-- To safeguard China's security and interests in new domains;
-- To safeguard the security of China's overseas interests;
-- To maintain strategic deterrence and carry out nuclear counterattack;
-- To participate in regional and international security cooperation and maintain regional and world peace;
-- To strengthen efforts in operations against infiltration, separatism and terrorism so as to maintain China's political security and social stability; and
-- To perform such tasks as emergency rescue and disaster relief, rights and interests protection, guard duties, and support for national economic and social development. | | 中国军队主要担负以下战略任务：应对各种突发事件和军事威胁，有效维护国家领土、领空、领海主权和安全；坚决捍卫祖国统一；维护新型领域安全和利益；维护海外利益安全；保持战略威慑，组织核反击行动；参加地区和国际安全合作，维护地区和世界和平；加强反渗透、反分裂、反恐怖斗争，维护国家政治安全和社会稳定；担负抢险救灾、维护权益、安保警戒和支援国家经济社会建设等任务。 |
| III. Strategic Guideline of Active Defense | | 三、积极防御战略方针 |
| The strategic concept of active defense is the essence of the CPC's military strategic thought. From the long-term practice of revolutionary wars, the people's armed forces have developed a complete set of strategic concepts of active defense, which boils down to: adherence to the unity of strategic defense and operational and tactical offense; adherence to the principles of defense, self-defense and post-emptive strike; and adherence to the stance that "We will not attack unless we are attacked, but we will surely counterattack if attacked." | | 积极防御战略思想是中国共产党军事战略思想的基本点。在长期革命战争实践中，人民军队形成了一整套积极防御战略思想，坚持战略上防御与战役战斗上进攻的统一，坚持防御、自卫、后发制人的原则，坚持“人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人”。 |
Shortly after the founding of the PRC in 1949, the Central Military Commission (CMC) established the military strategic guideline of active defense, and later, in line with the developments and changes in the national security situation, had made a number of major revisions of it. In 1993 the military strategic guideline of the new era was formulated, which took winning local wars in conditions of modern technology, particularly high technology, as the basic point in making preparation for military struggle (PMS). In 2004, the guideline was further substantiated, and the basic point for PMS was modified to winning local wars under conditions of informationization.
．．．．．． | | 新中国成立后，中央军委确立积极防御军事战略方针，并根据国家安全形势发展变化对积极防御军事战略方针的内容进行了多次调整。1993年，制定新时期军事战略方针，以打赢现代技术特别是高技术条件下局部战争为军事斗争准备基点。2004年，充实完善新时期军事战略方针，把军事斗争准备基点进一步调整为打赢信息化条件下的局部战争。
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