| Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on 3 May 1996 (Protocol II to the 1980 Convention as amended on 3 May 1996) | | 禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的修正议定书 |
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| Article I Scope of application | | 第1条 适用范围 |
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| 1. This Protocol relates to the use on land of the mines, booby-traps and other devices, defined herein, including mines laid to interdict beaches, waterway crossings or river crossings, but does not apply to the use of anti-ship mines at sea or in inland waterways. | | 1.本议定书针对的是本议定书中界定的地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的陆上使用,其中包括为封锁水滩、水道渡口或河流渡口而布设的地雷,但不适用于海洋或内陆水道中反舰船雷的使用。 |
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| 2. This Protocol shall apply, in addition to situations referred to in Article I of this Convention, to situations referred to in Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. This Protocol shall not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence and other acts of a similar nature, as not being armed conflicts. | | 2.本议定书除适用于本公约第1条所指的情况外,还应适用于1949年8月12日《日内瓦四公约》共有的第3条中所指的情况。本议定书不适用于内部骚乱和出现紧张局势的情况,例如暴乱、孤立和零星的暴力行为和其他性质类似的行为,因为它们不属于武装冲突。 |
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| 3. In case of armed conflicts not of an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each party to the conflict shall be bound to apply the prohibitions and restrictions of this Protocol. | | 3.如果缔约方之一领土上发生并非国际性的武装冲突,每一冲突当事方应遵守本议定书的禁止和限制规定。 |
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| 4. Nothing in this Protocol shall be invoked for the purpose of affecting the sovereignty of a State or the responsibility of the Government, by all legitimate means, to maintain or re-establish law and order in the State or to defend the national unity and territorial integrity of the State. | | 4.不得援引本议定书中的任何条款影响国家主权或影响政府通过一切正当手段维持或重建国家的法律和秩序或维护国家统一和国家领土完整的职责。 |
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| 5. Nothing in this Protocol shall be invoked as a justification for intervening, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the armed conflict or in the internal or external affairs of the High Contracting Party in the territory of which that conflict occurs. | | 5.无论出于何种原因,均不得援引本议定书的任何条款作为借口,直接或间接干涉武装冲突或干涉其领土上发生武装冲突的缔约方的内部事务或对外事务。 |
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| 6. The application of the provisions of this Protocol to parties to a conflict, which are not High Contracting Parties that have accepted this Protocol, shall not change their legal status or the legal status of a disputed territory, either explicitly or implicitly. | | 6.如果冲突当事方不是接受本议定书的缔约方,则本议定书条款对此种当事方的适用不应对其法律地位或对有争议领土的法律地位造成任何明示或默示的改变。 |
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| Article 2 Definitions | | 第2条 定义 |
For the purpose of this Protocol: | |
为本议定书的目的: |
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| 1. "Mine" means a munition placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle. | | 1.“地雷”是指布设在地面或其他表面之下、之上或附近并设计或在人员或车辆出现、接近或接触时爆炸的一种弹药。 |
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| 2. "Remotely-delivered mine" means a mine not directly emplaced but delivered by artillery, missile, rocket, mortar, or similar means, or dropped from an aircraft. Mines delivered from a land-based system from less than 500 metres are not considered to be "remotely delivered", provided that they are used in accordance with Article 5 and other relevant Articles of this Protocol. | | 2.“遥布地雷”是指非直接布设而是以火炮、导弹、火箭、迫击炮或类似手段布设或由飞机投布的一种地雷。由一种陆基系统在不到500米范围布设的地雷不作为“遥布地雷”看待,但其使用须依照本议定书第5条和其他有关条款行事。 |
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| 3. "Anti-personnel mine" means a mine primarily designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill one or more persons. | | 3.“杀伤人员地雷”是指主要设计成在人员出现、接近或接触时爆炸并使一名或一名以上人员丧失能力、受伤或死亡的一种地雷。 |
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| 4. "Booby-trap" means any device or material which is designed, constructed or adapted to kill or injure, and which functions unexpectedly when a person disturbs or approaches an apparently harmless object or performs an apparently safe act. | | 4.“诱杀装置”是指其设计、制造或改装旨在致死或致伤而且在有人扰动或趋近一个外表无害的物体或进行一项看似安全的行动时出乎意料地发生作用的装置或材料。 |
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| 5. "Other devices" means manually-emplaced munitions and devices including improvised explosive devices designed to kill, injure or damage and which are actuated manually, by remote control or automatically after a lapse of time. | | 5.“其他装置”是指人工放置的、以致死、致伤或破坏为目的、用人工或遥控方式致动或隔一定时间后自动致动的包括简易爆炸装置在内的弹药或装置。 |
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| 6. "Military objective" means, so far as objects are concerned, any object which by its nature, location, purpose or use makes an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage. | | 6.“军事目标”就物体而言,是指任何因其性质、位置、目的或用途而对军事行动作出有效贡献并在当时的情况下将其全部或部分摧毁、夺取或使其失效可取得明确军事益处的物体。 |
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| 7. "Civilian objects" are all objects which are not military objectives as defined in paragraph 6 of this Article. | | 7.“民用物体”是指除本条第6款中界定的军事目标以外的一切物体。 |
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| 8. "Minefield" is a defined area in which mines have been emplaced and "mined area" is an area which is dangerous due to the presence of mines. "Phoney minefield" means an area free of mines that simulates a minefield. The term "minefield" includes phoney minefields. | | 8.“雷场”是指范围明确的布设了地雷的区域,“雷区”是指因为有地雷而具有危险性的区域。“假雷场”是指象雷场却没有地雷的区域。“雷场”的含义包括假雷场。 |
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| 9. "Recording" means a physical, administrative and technical operation designed to obtain, for the purpose of registration in official records, all available information facilitating the location of minefields, mined areas, mines, booby-traps and other devices. | | 9.“记录”是指一种有形的、行政的和技术的工作,旨在将有助于查明雷场、雷区、地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置位置的一切可获得的资料记载于正式记录中。 |
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| 10. "Self-destruction mechanism" means an incorporated or externally attached automatically-functioning mechanism which secures the destruction of the munition into which it is incorporated or to which it is attached. | | 10.“自毁装置”是指保证内装有或外附有此种装置的弹药能够销毁的一种内装或外附自动装置。 |
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| 11. "Self-neutralization mechanism" means an incorporated automatically-functioning mechanism which renders inoperable the munition into which it is incorporated. | | 11.“自失效装置”是指使内装有此种装置的弹药无法起作用的一种内装自动装置。 |
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| 12. "Self-deactivating" means automatically rendering a munition inoperable by means of the irreversible exhaustion of a component, for example, a battery, that is essential to the operation of the munition. | | 12.“自失能”是指因一个使弹药起作用的关键部件(例如电池)不可逆转地耗竭而自动使弹药无法起作用。 |
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| 13. "Remote control" means control by commands from a distance. | | 13.“遥控”是指在一定距离之外通过指令进行控制。 |
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| 14. "Anti-handling device" means a device intended to protect a mine and which is part of, linked to, attached to or placed under the mine and which activates when an attempt is made to tamper with the mine. | | 14.“防排装置”是指一种旨在保护地雷、构成地雷的一部分、连接、附着或置于地雷之下而且一旦企图触动地雷时会引爆地雷的装置。 |
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| 15. "Transfer" involves, in addition to the physical movement of mines into or from national territory, the transfer of title to and control over the mines, but does not involve the transfer of territory containing emplaced mines. | | 15.“转让”是指除了包括将地雷实际运入或运出国家领土外,还包括地雷的所有权和控制权的转让,但不包括布设了地雷的领土的转让。 |
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| Article 3 General restrictions on the use, of mines, booby-traps and other devices | | 第3条 对使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的总的限制 |
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| 1. This Article applies to: | | 1.本条适用于: |
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| (a) mines; | | （a）地雷; |
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| (b) booby-traps; and | | （b）诱杀装置;和 |
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| (c) other devices. | | （c）其他装置。 |
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| 2. Each High Contracting Party or party to a conflict is, in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, responsible for all mines, booby-traps, and other devices employed by it and undertakes to clear, remove, destroy or maintain them as specified in Article 10 of this Protocol. | | 2.按照本议定书的规定，每一缔约方或冲突当事方对其布设的所有地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置负有责任，并承诺按照本议定书第10条的规定对其进行清除、排除、销毁或维持。 |
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| 3. It is prohibited in all circumstances to use any mine, booby-trap or other device which is designed or of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering. | | 3.禁止在任何情况下使用设计成或性质为造成过度杀伤或不必要痛苦的任何地雷、诱杀装置或其他装置。 |
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| 4. Weapons to which this Article applies shall strictly comply with the standards and limitations specified in the Technical Annex with respect to each particular category. | | 4.本条所适用的武器应严格符合技术附件中针对每一具体类别所规定的标准和限制。 |
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| 5. It is prohibited to use mines, booby-traps or other devices which employ a mechanism or device specifically designed to detonate the munition by the presence of commonly available mine detectors as a result of their magnetic or other non-contact influence during normal use in detection operations. | | 5.禁止使用装有以现有普通探雷器正常用于探雷作业时因其磁力或其他非接触影响引爆弹药而专门设计的机制或装置的地雷、诱杀装置或其他装置。 |
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| 6. It is prohibited to use a self-deactivating mine equipped with an anti-handling device that is designed in such a manner that the anti-handling device is capable of functioning after the mine has ceased to be capable of functioning. | | 6.禁止使用装有一种按其设计在地雷不再能起作用后仍能起作用的防排装置的自失能地雷。 |
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| 7. It is prohibited in all circumstances to direct weapons to which this Article applies, either in offence, defence or by way of reprisals, against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians or civilian objects. | | 7.禁止在任何情况下--无论是为了进攻、防卫或报复--针对平民群体或个别平民或平民物体使用适用本条的武器。 |
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| 8. The indiscriminate use of weapons to which this Article applies is prohibited. Indiscriminate use is any placement of such weapons: | | 8.禁止滥用适用本条的武器。滥用是指在下列情况下布设此种武器: |
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| (a) which is not on, or directed against, a military objective. In case of doubt as to whether an object which is normally dedicated to civilian purposes, such as a place of worship, a house or other dwelling or a school, is being used to make an effective contribution to military action, it shall be presumed not to be so used; or | | （a）并非布设在军事目标上，也不直接对准军事目标。在对某一通常专用于和平目的的物体如礼拜场所、房屋或其他住所或学校是否正被用于为军事行动作出有效贡献存有怀疑时，应将其视为并非用于这一目的; |
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| (b) which employs a method or means of delivery which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or | | （b）使用一种不可能对准特定军事目标的投送方法或手段;或 |
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| (c) which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. | | （c）预计可能附带造成平民死亡、平民受伤、民用物体受损坏，或同时造成这三种情况，而其损害的程度超过预期的具体和直接的军事益处。 |
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| 9. Several clearly separated and distinct military objectives located in a city, town, village or other area containing a similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects are not to be treated as a single military objective. | | 9.位于城市、城镇、村庄或含有类似平民集聚点或平民物体的其他区域内的若干个明显分开的、有别于其他物体的军事目标，不得作为单一军事目标看待。 |
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| 10. All feasible precautions shall be taken to protect civilians from the effects of weapons to which this Article applies. Feasible precautions are those precautions which are practicable or practically possible taking into account all circumstances ruling at the time, including humanitarian and military considerations. These circumstances include, but are not limited to: | | 10.应采取一切可行的预防措施，使平民不受适用本条的武器的影响。可行的预防措施是指考虑到当时存在的一切情况、包括从人道和军事角度考虑后所采取的实际可行的或实际可能的预防措施。这些情况包括但不仅限于: |
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| (a) the short- and long-term effect of mines upon the local civilian population for the duration of the minefield; | | （a）雷场存在期间地雷对当地平民群体的短期和长期影响; |
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| (b) possible measures to protect civilians (for example, fencing, signs, warning and monitoring); | | （b）可能的保护平民措施（例如竖立栅栏、标志、发出警告和进行监视）; |
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| (c) the availability and feasibility of using alternatives; and | | （c）采用替代手段的可能性和可行性;和 |
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| (d) the short- and long-term military requirements for a minefield. | | （d）雷场的短期和长期军事需要。 |
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| 11. Effective advance warning shall be given of any emplacement of mines, booby-traps and other devices which may affect the civilian population, unless circumstances do not permit. | | 11.可能影响平民群体的地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的任何布设均应事先发出有效的警告，除非情况不允许。 |
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| Article 4 Restrictions on the use of anti-personnel mines | | 第4条 对使用杀伤人员地雷的限制 |
It is prohibited to use anti-personnel mines which are not detectable, as specified in paragraph 2 of the Technical Annex. | |
禁止使用不符合技术附件第2款中规定的可探测性的杀伤人员地雷。 |
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| Article 5 Restrictions on the use of anti-personnel mines other than remotely-delivered mines | | 第5条 对使用除遥布地雷以外的杀伤人员地雷的限制 |
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| 1. This Article applies to anti-personnel mines other than remotely-delivered mines. | | 1.本条适用于除遥布地雷以外的杀伤人员地雷。 |
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| 2. It is prohibited to use weapons to which this Article applies which are not in compliance with the provisions on self-destruction and self-deactivation in the Technical Annex, unless: | | 2.禁止使用适用本条的不符合技术附件中的自毁和自失能规定的武器，除非: |
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| (a) such weapons are placed within a perimeter-marked area which is monitored by military personnel and protected by fencing or other means, to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians from the area. The marking must be of a distinct and durable character and must at least be visible to a person who is about to enter the perimeter-marked area; and | | （a）此种武器布设于受到军事人员监视并以栅栏或其他方式加以保护的标界区内，以确保有效地将平民排除在这一区域之外。标记必须明显和耐久，必须至少能为将要进入这一标界区的人所看见;并且 |
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| (b) such weapons are cleared before the area is abandoned, unless the area is turned over to the forces of another State which accept responsibility for the maintenance of the protections required by this Article and the subsequent clearance of those weapons. | | （b）在放弃这一区域前将此种武器清除，但将这一区域移交给同意负责维护本条所要求的保护物并随后清除此种武器的另一国部队的情况除外。 |
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| 3. A party to a conflict is relieved from further compliance with the provisions of sub-paragraphs 2 (a) and 2 (b) of this Article only if such compliance is not feasible due to forcible loss of control of the area as a result of enemy military action, including situations where direct enemy military action makes it impossible to comply. If that party regains control of the area, it shall resume compliance with the provisions of sub-paragraphs 2 (a) and 2 (b) of this Article. | | 3.只有在因敌方的军事行动而被迫失去对这一区域的控制从而无法继续遵守以上第2款（a）和（b）项的规定的情况下，其中包括因敌方的直接军事行动而使其无法遵守这些规定，冲突当事方才无须继续遵守这些规定。该当事方若重新取得对这一区域的控制，则应恢复遵守本条第2款（a）和（b）项的规定。 |
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| 4. If the forces of a party to a conflict gain control of an area in which weapons to which this Article applies have been laid, such forces shall, to the maximum extent feasible, maintain and, if necessary, establish the protections required by this Article until such weapons have been cleared. | | 4.一冲突当事方的部队若取得对布设了适用本条的武器的区域的控制，应尽可能维持并在必要时建立本条所要求的保护措施，直到此种武器被清除为止。 |
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| 5. All feasible measures shall be taken to prevent the unauthorized removal, defacement, destruction or concealment of any device, system or material used to establish the perimeter of a perimeter-marked area. | | 5.应采取一切可行的措施，防止未经许可移走、磨损、毁坏或隐藏用于确立标界区周界的任何装置、系统或材料。 |
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| 6. Weapons to which this Article applies which propel fragments in a horizontal arc of less than 90 degrees and which are placed on or above the ground may be used without the measures provided for in sub-paragraph 2 (a) of this Article for a maximum period of 72 hours, if: | | 6.如属下述情况，适用本条的以小于90度的水平弧度推动碎片而且布设于地面或其之上的武器，其使用可不受本条第2款（a）项所规定措施的限制，但最长期限为72小时: |
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| (a) they are located in immediate proximity to the military unit that emplaced them; and | | （a）位于布设地雷的军事单位的紧邻区域内;并且 |
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| (b) the area is monitored by military personnel to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians. | | （b）该区域受到军事人员监视，以确保有效排除平民的进入。 |
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| Article 6 Restrictions on the use of remotely-delivered mines | | 第6条 限制使用遥布地雷 |
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| 1. It is prohibited to use remotely-delivered mines unless they are recorded in accordance with sub-paragraph I (b) of the Technical Annex. | | 1.禁止使用遥布地雷,除非此种地雷按照技术附件第1款(b)项予以记录。 |
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| 2. It is prohibited to use remotely-delivered anti-personnel mines which are not in compliance with the provisions on self-destruction and self-deactivation in the Technical Annex. | | 2.禁止使用不符合技术附件中的自毁和自失能规定的遥布杀伤人员地雷。 |
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| 3. It is prohibited to use remotely-delivered mines other than anti-personnel mines, unless, to the extent feasible, they are equipped with an effective self-destruction or self-neutralization mechanism and have a back-up self-deactivation feature, which is designed so that the mine will no longer function as a mine when the mine no longer serves the military purpose for which it was placed in position. | | 3.禁止使用除杀伤人员地雷以外的遥布地雷,除非在可行的情况下此种地雷装有有效的自毁或自失效装置并具有一种后备自失能特征,按其设计当地雷不再有助于放置地雷所要达到的军事目的时可使地雷不再起地雷的作用。 |
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| 4. Effective advance warning shall be given of any delivery or dropping of remotely-delivered mines which may affect the civilian population, unless circumstances do not permit. | | 4.可能影响平民群体的遥布地雷的任何布设或投布均应事先发出有效的警告,除非情况不允许。 |
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| Article 7 Prohibitions on the use of booby-traps and other devices | | 第7条 禁止使用诱杀装置和其他装置 |
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| 1. Without prejudice to the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict relating to treachery and perfidy, it is prohibited in all circumstances to use booby-traps and other devices which are in any way attached to or associated with: | | 1.在不妨害适用于武装冲突中的有关诈术和背信行为的国际法规定的前提下，禁止在任何情况下使用以任何方式附着于或联结在下列物体上的诱杀装置和其他装置: |
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(a) internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals;
．．．．．． | | （a）国际承认的保护性徽章、标志或信号;
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