| Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Implementing the Revised Guiding Opinions on Sentencing for Common Crimes (2017) | | 最高人民法院关于实施修订后的《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》的通知 |
| (No. 7 [2017] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法发[2017]7号） |
| The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army; and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院、解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院： |
| From 2014, the Guiding Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Sentencing for Common Crimes has been officially implemented in the basic-level and intermediate people's courts across the country. All higher people's courts have attached great importance and actively and steadily organized the implementation thereof, which has achieved good effect. On the basis of summarizing practical experience, the Supreme People's Court has further amended and improved the guiding opinions on sentencing. The revised Guiding Opinions on Sentencing for Common Crimes (hereinafter referred to as the “Guiding Opinions on Sentencing”) is hereby issued and it shall come into force on April 1, 2017. You are hereby notified of the relevant matters as follows: | | 最高人民法院《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》从2014年起在全国中、基层人民法院正式实施，各高级人民法院高度重视，积极稳妥组织实施，取得良好效果。我院在总结实践经验的基础上，对量刑指导意见作了进一步修改、完替。现印发修订后的《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》（以下简称《量刑指导意见》），并从2017年4月1日起实施。现将有关事项通知如下： |
| I. The detailed rules for implementation shall be conscientiously amended. The Guiding Opinions on Sentencing has further improved the sentencing methods, specified the sentencing methods of “using qualitative analysis as the primary means supported by quantitative analysis,” and further amended and improved the application of common sentencing circumstances and the specifications for sentencing of individual crimes. All higher people's courts shall conscientiously study and comprehend the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing and amend and improve the detailed rules for implementation in accordance with the newly-issued criminal laws, judicial interpretations, and operational guidance documents and in light of the trial practice, so as to ensure that the detailed rules for implementation has legal basis, follows the principle that the severity of the penalty is consistent with the crime committed and the criminal liability assumed, conforms to the actual circumstances of sentencing, and is operable. The higher people's courts shall implement the detailed rules for implementation as deliberated and adopted by the judicial committee and report such detailed rules for implementation to the Supreme People's Court for recordation before the end of April. | | （一）认真修改实施细则。《量刑指导意见》进一步完善量刑方法，明确“以定性分析为主，定量分析为辅”的量刑方法进一步修改完善常见量刑情节的适用和个罪的量刑规范。各高级人民法院要认真学习领会，在总结经验的基础上，结合新出台的刑事法律、司法解释、业务指导文件和审判实际，对照修改完善实施细则，保证实施细则依法有据，符合罪责刑相适应原则，符合量刑实际，具有可操作性。实施细则经审判委员会讨论通过后实施，并于4月底前报最高人民法院备案。 |
| II. The people's courts at various levels shall organize the implementation of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing. The work of standardized sentencing is a long-term job. The people's courts at various levels shall take the amendments of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing and the detailed rules for implementation as an opportunity, conscientiously summarize experience, promote the sentencing standardization in an overall and in-depth manner, and incorporate fifteen types of common crimes into the scope of standardization, and all basic-level and intermediate people's courts shall implement the sentencing standardization in a comprehensive and effective manner. The people's courts at various levels shall, in light of the actual trial circumstances, voluntarily establish connections to the reform of the criminal procedural system centering on trial, the reform of the system for imposing lenient punishments on those confessing to their crimes and accepting punishments, and the reform of the criminal fast-track sentencing procedure, establish a long-term working mechanism for improving the sentencing standardization, promote the systematic and normalized sentencing standardization, and make efforts to make the people feel equity and justice in each judicial case. | | （二）全面深入组织实施。量刑规范化工作是一项长期的工作。各级人民法院要以这次修改《量刑指导意见》和实施细则为契机，认真总结经验，全面深入推进量刑规范化工作，将十五种常见犯罪全部纳入规范范围，所有中级、基层法院全面实施到位。要结合审判实际，主动对接以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革、认罪认罚从宽制度改革和刑事速裁程序改革，建立完善量刑规范化长效工作机制，促进量刑规范化工作制度化、常态化，努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义。 |
| III. The people's courts shall strengthen training and guidance. There are major amendments in sentencing methods and other contents of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing. The people's courts in all regions shall, in light of actual work, strengthen the business training on case-handling judges of the basic-level and intermediate people's courts, especially new judges and ensure the correct implementation of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing and the detailed rules for implementation. In the process of sentencing, the qualitative analysis always plays a leading role. The quantitative analysis shall be made on the basis of the qualitative analysis, the starting point for sentencing, the benchmark penalty, and the pronounced penalty shall be determined according to the law, so as to ensure that the severity of the penalty is consistent with the crime committed and the criminal liability assumed. The people's courts at the higher level shall effectively strengthen investigation and guidance, study and solve any new circumstances and problems in the process of implementation in a timely manner, and make constant summarizations and improvements. Any major and difficult problems encountered in the implementation shall be reported level by level to the Supreme People's Court, so as to ensure the continuous and in-depth sentencing standardization. | | （三）切实加强培训指导。《量刑指导意见》对量刑方法等内容作了重要修改，各地法院要结合工作实际，加强对中级、基层法院办案法官特别是新任法官的业务培训，保证《量刑指导意见》及实施细则的正确实施。在量刑过程中，定性分析始终处于主导地位，应在定性分析的基础上进行定量分析，依法确定量刑起点、基准刑和宣告刑，保证罪责刑相适应。上级法院要切实加强调研指导，对实施过程中出现的新情况新问题，及时加以研究解决，不断总结提高。实施中遇到的重大疑难问题，要及时层报最高人民法院，保证量刑规范化工作持续、深入发展。 |
| Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院 |
| March 9, 2017 | | 2017年3月9日 |
| Guiding Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Sentencing for Common Crimes | | 最高人民法院关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见 |
| In order to further regulate the penalty discretion, carry out the criminal policy combining penalty with leniency, improve sentencing openness, and realize sentencing justice, these Guiding Opinions are developed in accordance with the Criminal Law, the interpretations on criminal justice, and other relevant provisions and in light of the trial practice. | | 为进一步规范刑罚裁量权，落实宽严相济刑事政策，增强量刑的公开性，实现量刑公正，根据刑法和刑事司法解释等有关规定，结合审判实践，制定本指导意见。 |
| I. Sentencing Guidelines | | 一、量刑的指导原则 |
| 1. In sentencing, the people's courts shall take facts as the basis and the law as the criteria, and determine penalty in the sentence according to the facts, nature, circumstances and social harmfulness of the crime. | | 1.量刑应当以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，根据犯罪的事实、性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度，决定判处的刑罚。 |
| 2. In sentencing, the people's courts shall take into consideration both the seriousness of the offense and the criminal liability that shall be assumed by the defendant, ensure that the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, and realize the objective of imposing penalties and preventing crimes. | | 2.量刑既要考虑被告人所犯罪行的轻重，又要考虑被告人应负刑事责任的大小，做到罪责刑相适应，实现惩罚和预防犯罪的目的。 |
| 3. In sentencing, the people's courts shall carry out the criminal policy of combining leniency with rigidity, give lenient sentences to those who deserve it, be severe when the actual circumstances so require, keep balance between leniency and rigidity and impose due penalties so as to guarantee the unification of the legal effects and social effects of judgments. | | 3.量刑应当贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策，做到该宽则宽，当严则严，宽严相济，罚当其罪，确保裁判法律效果和社会效果的统一。 |
| 4. In sentencing, the people's courts shall have an objective and comprehensive understanding of changes in the economic and social situations and public security situations of different times and different regions, and guarantee the realization of tasks on the implementation of the Criminal Law. The penalties given in the sentence of the cases involving similar circumstances in the same region during the same period shall be basically balanced. | | 4.量刑要客观、全面把握不同时期不同地区的经济社会发展和治安形势的变化，确保刑法任务的实现；对于同一地区同一时期、案情相似的案件，所判处的刑罚应当基本均衡。 |
| II. Basic Methods for Sentencing | | 二、量刑的基本方法 |
| In sentencing, qualitative analysis shall be taken as the primary method supported by quantitative analysis. The starting point for sentencing, the benchmark penalty, and the pronounced penalty shall be determined according to the law. | | 量刑时，应以定性分析为主，定量分析为辅，依次确定量刑起点、基准刑和宣告刑。 |
| 1. Sentencing Steps | | 1.量刑步骤 |
| (1) determining the starting point for sentencing within the statutory range of penalty according to the basic criminal facts; | | （1）根据基本犯罪构成事实在相应的法定刑幅度内确定量刑起点。 |
| (2) increasing the penalty and determining the benchmark penalty based on the starting point for sentencing according to the amount involved in a crime, times of crimes committed, criminal consequences, and other criminal facts affecting the constitution of a crime; and | | （2）根据其他影响犯罪构成的犯罪数额、犯罪次数、犯罪后果等犯罪事实，在量刑起点的基础上增加刑罚量确定基准刑。 |
| (3) making adjustments to the benchmark penalty according to the circumstances of sentencing, and legally determining the pronounced penalty by fully considering the situations of the case. | | （3）根据量刑情节调节基准刑，并综合考虑全案情况，依法确定宣告刑。 |
| 2. Methods for Adjusting the Benchmark Penalty | | 2.调节基准刑的方法 |
| (1) Where there is a single circumstance of sentencing, the people's court shall directly make adjustments to the benchmark penalty according to the proportion of adjustments made under the circumstances of sentencing. | | （1）具有单个量刑情节的，根据量刑情节的调节比例直接调节基准刑。 |
| (2) Where there are multiple circumstances of sentencing, the people's court shall generally adjust the benchmark penalty according to the adjustment proportions of all circumstances of sentencing by adopting the method of increasing penalty for similar offenses and mitigating penalty for positive behavior. Where there are such circumstances of sentencing as juvenile offenses, offenses committed by the aged, offenses committed by mentally ill persons with limited capacity for civil conduct, offenses committed by deaf-mute or blind persons, unjustifiable self-defense, excessive necessity, preparation for a crime, criminal attempt, discontinuance of a crime, and offenses committed by an accessory, coerced accomplice, or abettor, the people's court shall adjust the benchmark penalty under such circumstances of sentencing and then make adjustments under other circumstances of sentencing on such basis. | | （2）具有多个量刑情节的，一般根据各个量刑情节的调节比例，采用同向相加、逆向相减的方法调节基准刑；具有未成年人犯罪、老年人犯罪、限制行为能力的精神病人犯罪、又聋又哑的人或者盲人犯罪，防卫过当、避险过当、犯罪预备、犯罪未遂、犯罪中止，从犯、胁从犯和教唆犯等量刑情节的，先适用该量刑情节对基准刑进行调节，在此基础上，再适用其他量刑情节进行调节。 |
| (3) When the defendant commits several crimes and falls under such circumstances of sentencing as voluntary surrender and recidivism applicable to each crime, the people's court shall make adjustments to the benchmark penalty for each crime under each circumstance of sentencing, determine the penalty that shall be sentenced for each crime, impose joinder penalties for plural crimes according to the law, and then determine the penalty to be executed. | | （3）被告人犯数罪，同时具有适用于各个罪的立功、累犯等量刑情节的，先适用该量刑情节调节个罪的基准刑，确定个罪所应判处的刑罚，再依法实行数罪并罚，决定执行的刑罚。 |
| 3. Methods for Determining the Pronounced Penalty | | 3.确定宣告刑的方法 |
| (1) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing falls under the range of statutory penalty, and the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, the benchmark penalty adjusted may be directly determined as the pronounced penalty. Where there are circumstances under which a mitigated penalty shall be imposed, a penalty lighter than the minimum statutory penalty shall be determined as the pronounced penalty according to the law. | | （1）量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定刑幅度内，且罪责刑相适应的，可以直接确定为宣告刑；如果具有应当减轻处罚情节的，应依法在法定最低刑以下确定宣告刑。 |
| (2) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing is lighter than the minimum statutory penalty, there are circumstances under which a mitigated penalty shall be imposed, and the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, the benchmark penalty adjusted may be directly determined as the pronounced penalty. Where there are only circumstances under which a lighter penalty shall be imposed, the minimum statutory penalty may be determined as the pronounced penalty according to the law. However, with the approval of the Supreme People's Court, a penalty lighter than the statutory penalty may be imposed according to the special case circumstances. | | （2）量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定最低刑以下，具有法定减轻处罚情节，且罪责刑相适应的，可以直接确定为宣告刑；只有从轻处罚情节的，可以依法确定法定最低刑为宣告刑；但是根据案件的特殊情况，经最高人民法院核准，也可以在法定刑以下判处刑罚。 |
| (3) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing is heavier than the maximum statutory penalty, the maximum statutory penalty may be determined as the pronounced penalty. | | （3）量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定最高刑以上的，可以依法确定法定最高刑为宣告刑。 |
| (4) The sole judge or collegiate penal may make adjustments within a range of 20% according to the specific circumstances of a case and determine the pronounced penalty. If the severity of penalty is still inconsistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed after adjustment, the judge or collegiate panel may submit the case to the judicial committee for discussion and the pronounced penalty shall be determined according to the law. | | （4）综合考虑全案情况，独任审判员或合议庭可以在20%的幅度内对调节结果进行调整，确定宣告刑。当调节后的结果仍不符合罪责刑相适应原则的，应提交审判委员会讨论，依法确定宣告刑。 |
| (5) Where the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or a heavier penalty, public surveillance, accessory penalty only, probation, or exemption from penalty by fully considering the criminal facts of the case and the circumstances of sentencing, the relevant laws shall apply. | | （5）综合全案犯罪事实和量刑情节，依法应当判处无期徒刑以上刑罚、管制或者单处附加刑、缓刑、免刑的，应当依法适用。 |
| III. Application of Ordinary Circumstances of Sentencing | | 三、常见量刑情节的适用 |
| In sentencing, the people's courts shall fully consider all circumstances under which statutory sentencing and discretionary sentencing are allowed and legally determine the application of sentencing circumstances and the adjustment proportion according to all criminal facts of the case and the different circumstances of sentencing. For serious violent crimes, drug-related crimes, and other crimes seriously endangering the public security, the people's court shall impose rigid sentences when determining the extent of leniency, and fully reflect the policies of being lenient for minor crimes. When determining the specific adjustment proportion for each sentencing circumstance, the people's court shall comprehensively balance the adjustment extent and the actually increased or reduced penalty, so as to ensure that the severity of the penalty is consistent with the crime committed and the criminal liability assumed. | | 量刑时要充分考虑各种法定和酌定量刑情节，根据案件的全部犯罪事实以及量刑情节的不同情形，依法确定量刑情节的适用及其调节比例。对严重暴力犯罪、毒品犯罪等严重危害社会治安犯罪，在确定从宽的幅度时，应当从严掌握对犯罪情节较轻的犯罪，应当充分体现从宽。具体确定各个量刑情节的调节比例时，应当综合平衡调节幅度与实际增减刑罚量的关系，确保罪责刑相适应。 |
| 1. For the crime committed by a minor, the people's court shall impose a lenient penalty on the offender by fully considering the ability of the minor to understand crime, the motive and intent of the offender, the age when he committed the crime, whether he is the first offender or casual offender, his repentance, his life history, and consistent performance. | | 1.对于未成年人犯罪，应当综合考虑未成年人对犯罪的认识能力、实施犯罪行为的动机和目的、犯罪时的年龄、是否初犯、偶犯、悔罪表现、个人成长经历和一贯表现等情况，予以从宽处罚。 |
| (1) For a minor aged 14 up to 16, the penalty may be reduced by 30% to 60% of the benchmark penalty. | | （1）已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的未成年人犯罪，减少基准刑的30%一60% |
| (2) For a minor aged 16 up to 18, the penalty may be reduced by 10% to 50% of the benchmark penalty. | | （2）已满十六周岁不满十八周岁的未成年人犯罪，减少基准刑的10%一50%。 |
| 2. For a person who attempts to commit a crime, the people's court shall fully consider the seriousness of the crime, damage, and reasons for the uncompleted crime, the penalty may be reduced to less than 50% of the benchmark penalty when the crime is completed. | | 2.对于未遂犯，综合考虑犯罪行为的实行程度、造成损害的大小、犯罪未得逞的原因等情况，可以比照既遂犯减少基准刑的50%以下。 |
| 3. For an accessory, the people's court shall fully consider his position and role in the joint offense, impose a lenient penalty, and may reduce the penalty by 20% to 50% of the benchmark penalty. Where the crime is minor, the penalty may be reduced by more than 50% of the benchmark penalty or even be exempted according to the law. | | 3.对于从犯，应当综合考虑其在共同犯罪中的地位、作用等情况，予以从宽处罚，减少基准刑的20%一50%犯罪较轻的，减少基准刑的50%以上或者依法免除处罚。 |
| 4. For the circumstances of voluntary surrender, the people's court shall fully consider the motive, time, and methods of surrender, seriousness of guilt, extent of truthful confession, and repentance of the offender, the penalty may be reduced by less than 40% of the benchmark penalty. Where the crime is minor, the penalty may be reduced by more than 40% of the benchmark penalty or even be exempted according to the law, except malicious evasion of legal sanctions by making use of surrender and other circumstances where it is insufficient to exempt the offender from a lenient penalty. | | 4.对于自首情节，综合考虑自首的动机、时间、方式、罪行轻重、如实供述罪行的程度以及悔罪表现等情况，可以减少基准刑的40%以下；犯罪较轻的，可以减少基准刑的40%以上或者依法免除处罚。恶意利用自首规避法律制裁等不足以从宽处罚的除外。 |
| 5. For the circumstances of confession, the people's court shall determine the extent of lenient penalties by fully considering the stage and degree of truthful confession of crime, the seriousness of the offense, and the degree of repentance. | | 5.对于坦白情节，综合考虑如实供述罪行的阶段工程度、罪行轻重以及悔罪程度等情况，确定从宽的幅度。 |
| (1) Where the offender truthfully confesses to his crime, the penalty may be reduced by less than 20% of the benchmark penalty. | | （1）如实供述自己罪行的，可以减少基准刑的20%以下 |
| (2) Where the offender truthfully confesses to a heavy crime of the same type the judicial authority has not mastered, the penalty may be reduced by 10% to 30% of the benchmark penalty (where the especially serious consequences are avoided due to the offender's truthful confession to his crime, the penalty may be reduced by 30% to 50% of the benchmark penalty.) | | （2）如实供述司法机关尚未掌握的同种较重罪行的，可以减少基准刑的10%一30%，（因如实供述自己罪行，避免特别严重后果发生的，可以减少基准刑的30%一50%） |
| 6. Where the offender voluntarily pleads guilty in court, the penalty may be reduced by less than 10% of the benchmark penalty according to the nature of the crime, seriousness of the offense, extent of confession, and repentance, except where the offender is legally determined as having surrendered or confessed. | | 6.对于当庭自愿认罪的，根据犯罪的性质、罪行的轻重、认罪程度以及悔罪表现等情况，可以减少基准刑的10%以下。依法认定自首、坦白的除外。 |
| 7. For the meritorious services, the people's court shall fully consider the extent, times, contents, sources, and effect of the meritorious services, and the seriousness of the offense and determine the extent to which a lenient penalty shall be imposed. | | 7.对于立功情节，综合考虑立功的大小、次数、内容、来源、效果以及罪行轻重等情况，确定从宽的幅度。 |
| (1) For ordinary meritorious services, the penalty may be reduced by less than 20% of the benchmark penalty. | | （1）一般立功的，可以减少基准刑的20%以下 |
| (2) For major meritorious services, the penalty may be reduced by more than 50% of the benchmark penalty or even be exempted according to the law. | | （2）重大立功的，可以减少基准刑的20%一50%犯罪较轻的，减少基准刑的50%以上或者依法免除处罚。 |
| 8. Where the offender returns ill-gotten gains or pays compensation, the penalty may be reduced by less than 30% of the benchmark penalty by fully considering the nature of the crime, the damage recovered by returning ill-gotten gains and making compensation, the amount of ill-gotten gains returned and compensation made, and the degree of free will. In particular, for robbery and other crimes that seriously endanger the public security, the reduction extent of the benchmark penalty shall be controlled more strictly. | | 8.对于退赃、退赔的，综合考虑犯罪性质，退赃、退赔行为对损害结果所能弥补的程度，退赃、退赔的数额及主动程度等情况，可以减少基准刑的30%以下。其中抢劫等严重危害社会治安犯罪的应从严掌握。 |
| 9. Where the offender actively offers to compensate for the economic loss of the victim and is forgiven by the victim, the penalty may be reduced by less than 40% of the benchmark penalty by fully considering the nature of the crime, amount of compensation, compensation ability, and degree of confession and repentance; where the offender actively offers to compensate but is not forgiven by the victim, the penalty may be reduced by less than 30% of the benchmark penalty; and if the offender does not offer to compensate but is forgiven by the victim, the penalty may be reduced by less than 20% of the benchmark penalty. In particular, for robbery, rape, and other crimes that seriously endanger the public security, the reduction extent of the benchmark penalty shall be controlled more strictly. | | 9.对于积极赔偿被害人经济损失并取得谅解的，综合考虑犯罪性质、赔偿数额、赔偿能力以及认罪、悔罪程度等情况，可以减少基准刑的40%以下；积极赔偿但没有取得谅解的，可以减少基准刑的30%以下；尽管没有赔偿，但取得谅解的，可以减少基准刑的20%以下。其中抢劫、强奸等严重危害社会治安犯罪的应从严掌握。 |
10. Where the parties reach a criminal settlement agreement in accordance with the provisions of Article 277 of the Criminal Procedure Law, the penalty may be reduced by less than 50% of the benchmark penalty by fully considering the nature of the crime, amount of compensation, formal apology, and sincere repentance; where the crime is minor, the penalty may be reduced by more than 50% of the benchmark penalty or be exempted according to the law.
．．．．．． | | 10.对于当事人根据刑事诉讼法第二百七十七条达成刑事和解协议的，综合考虑犯罪性质、赔偿数额、赔礼道歉以及真诚悔罪等情况，可以减少基准刑的50%以下；犯罪较轻的，可以减少基准刑的50%以上或者依法免除处罚。
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