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United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
联合国国际合同使用电子通信公约
【法宝引证码】

United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 联合国国际合同使用电子通信公约

(November 23, 2005)
 
(2005年11月23日)

 
The States Parties to this Convention, 本公约各缔约国,

Reaffirming their belief that international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States,
 
重申相信平等互利基础上的国际贸易是促进各国之间友好关系的一个重要因素,

Noting that the increased use of electronic communications improves the efficiency of commercial activities, enhances trade connections and allows new access opportunities for previously remote parties and markets, thus playing a fundamental role in promoting trade and economic development, both domestically and internationally,
 
注意到电子通信的使用增多提高了商业活动的效率,加强了贸易联系,并为过去相距遥远的当事人和市场提供了新的准入机会,从而对促进国内、国际贸易和经济发展发挥着极其重要的作用,

Considering that problems created by uncertainty as to the legal value of the use of electronic communications in international contracts constitute an obstacle to international trade,
 
考虑到国际合同中使用电子通信的法律效力不确定性所产生的种种问题构成了对国际贸易的障碍,

Convinced that the adoption of uniform rules to remove obstacles to the use of electronic communications in international contracts, including obstacles that might result from the operation of existing international trade law instruments, would enhance legal certainty and commercial predictability for international contracts and help States gain access to modern trade routes,
 
深信采用统一规则消除对国际合同使用电子通信的障碍,包括消除现有国际贸易法文书在执行上可能产生的障碍,将加强国际合同的法律确定性和商业上的可预见性,有助于各国获得现代贸易途径,

Being of the opinion that uniform rules should respect the freedom of parties to choose appropriate media and technologies, taking account of the principles of technological neutrality and functional equivalence, to the extent that the means chosen by the parties comply with the purpose of the relevant rules of law,
 
认为统一规则应当尊重当事人在其所选择的手段符合相关法律规则的目的的限度内选择适当媒介和技术的自由,同时顾及不偏重任何技术和功能等同的原则,

Desiring to provide a common solution to remove legal obstacles to the use of electronic communications in a manner acceptable to States with different legal, social and economic systems,
 
希望以法律制度、社会制度和经济制度不同的国家所能接受的方式对消除电子通信使用中的法律障碍提供一个共同解决办法,

Have agreed as follows:
 
兹商定如下:

 
Chapter I: Sphere of Application 第一章 适用范围

 
Article 1 Scope of Application 第一条 适用范围

 
1. This Convention applies to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract between parties whose place of business are in different States. 一、本公约适用于与营业地位于不同国家的当事人之间订立或履行合同有关的电子通信的使用。

 
2. The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between the parties or from information disclosed by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract. 二、当事人营业地位于不同国家,但这一事实只要未从合同或当事人之间的任何交往中或当事人在订立合同之前任何时候或订立合同之时披露的资料中显示出来,即不予以考虑。

 
3. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention. 三、在确定本公约是否适用时,既不考虑当事人的国籍,也不考虑当事人和合同的民事或商务性质。

 
Article 2 Exclusions 第二条 不适用情形

 
1. This Convention does not apply to electronic communications relating to any of the following: 一、本公约不适用于与下列情形有关的电子通信:

 
(a) Contracts concluded for personal, family or household purposes; 一。为个人、家人或家庭目的订立的合同;

 
(b) (i) Transactions on a regulated exchange; 二。1.受管制交易所的交易;

 
(ii) foreign exchange transactions; 2.外汇交易;

 
(iii) inter-bank payment systems, inter-bank payment agreements or clearance and settlement systems relating to securities or other financial assets or instruments; 3.银行间支付系统、银行间支付协议或者与证券或其他金融资产或票据有关的清算和结算系统;

 
(vi) the transfer of security rights in sale, loan or holding of or agreement to repurchase securities or other financial assets or instruments held with an intermediary. 4.对中间人持有的证券或其他金融资产或票据的担保权的转让、出售、出借或持有或回购协议。

 
2. This Convention does not apply to bills of exchange, promissory notes, consignment notes, bills of lading, warehouse receipts or any transferable document or instrument that entitles the bearer or beneficiary to claim the delivery of goods or the payment of a sum of money. 二、本公约不适用于汇票、本票、运单、提单、仓单或任何可使持单人或受益人有权要求交付货物或支付一笔款额的可转让单证或票据。

 
Article 3 Party Autonomy 第三条 当事人意思自治

The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.
 
当事人可以排除本公约的适用,亦可减损或更改其中任何一项规定的效力。

 
Chapter II: General Provisions 第二章 总则

 
Article 4 Definitions 第四条 定义

For the purposes of this Convention:
 
在本公约中:

 
(a) "Communication" means any statement, declaration, demand, notice or request, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with the formation of or performance of a contract; 一、“通信”系指当事人在一项合同的订立或履行中被要求作出或选择作出的包括要约和对要约的承诺在内的任何陈述、声明、要求、通知或请求;

 
(b) "Electronic communication" means any communication that the party make by means of data messages; 二、“电子通信”系指当事人以数据电文方式发出的任何通信;

 
(c) "Data message" means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange, electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy; 三、“数据电文”系指经由电子手段、电磁手段、光学手段或类似手段生成、发送、接收或存储的信息,这些手段包括但不限于电子数据交换、电子邮件、电报、电传或传真;

 
(d) "Originator" of an electronic communication means a party by whom, or on whose behalf, the electronic communication has been sent or generated prior to storage, if any, but it does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication; 四、电子通信的“发件人”系指亲自或由他人代表而发送或生成了可能随后备存的电子通信的当事人,但不包括作为中间人处理该电子通信的当事人;

 
(e) "Addressee" of an electronic communication means a party who is intended by the originator to receive the electronic communication, but does not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic communication; 五、电子通信的“收件人”系指发件人意图中的接收该电子通信的当事人,但不包括作为中间人处理该电子通信的当事人;

 
(f) "Information system" means a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or otherwise processing data messages; 六、“信息系统”系指生成、发送、接收、存储或用其他方法处理数据电文的系统;

 
(g) "Automated message system" means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used to initiate an action or respond to data messages or performances in whole or in part, without review or intervention by a natural person each time an action is initiated or a response is generated by the system; 七、“自动电文系统”系指一种计算机程序或者一种电子手段或其他自动手段,用以引发一个行动或者全部或部分地对数据电文或执行生成答复,而无须每次在该系统引发行动或生成答复时由自然人进行复查或干预;

 
(h) "Place of business" means any place where a party maintains a non-transitory establishment to pursue an economic activity other than the temporary provision of goods or services out of a specific location. 八、“营业地”系指当事人为了从事一项经济活动,但并非从某一处所临时提供货物或服务而保持一非短暂性营业所的任何地点。

 
Article 5 Interpretation 第五条 解释

 
1. In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade. 一、在解释本公约时,应当考虑到其国际性以及促进其适用上的统一和在国际贸易中遵守诚信的必要性。

 
2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law. 二、涉及本公约所管辖事项的问题,未在本公约中明确解决的,应当按照本公约所依据的一般原则加以解决,在无此种原则时,应当按照国际私法规则指定的适用法律加以解决。

 
Article 6 Location of the Parties 第六条 当事人的所在地

 
1. For the purposes of this Convention, a party's place of business is presumed to be the location indicated by that party, unless another party demonstrates that the party making the indication does not have a place of business at that location. 一、就本公约而言,当事人的营业地推定为其所指明的所在地,除非另一方当事人证明该指明其所在地的当事人在该所在地无营业地。

 
2. If a party has not indicated a place of business and has more than one place of business, then the place of business for the purposes of this Convention is that which has the closest relationship to the relevant contract, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before the conclusion of the contract. 二、当事人未指明营业地并且拥有不止一个营业地的,就本公约而言,与有关合同关系最密切的营业地为其营业地,但须考虑到双方当事人在合同订立之前任何时候或合同订立之时所知道或所设想的情况。

 
3. If a natural person does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to the person's habitual residence. 三、自然人无营业地的,以其惯常居所为准。

 
4. A location is not a place of business merely because that is: (a) where equipment and technology supporting an information system used by a party in connection with the formation of a contract are located; or (b) where the information system may be accessed by other parties. 四、一所在地并不仅因以下两点之一而成为营业地:一系一方当事人订立合同所用信息系统的支持设备和技术的所在地;二系其他当事人可以进入该信息系统的地方。

 
5. The sole fact that a party makes use of a domain name or electronic mail address connected to a specific country does not create a presumption that its place of business is located in that country. 五、仅凭一方当事人使用与某一特定国家相关联的域名或电子信箱地址,不能推定其营业地位于该国。

 
Article 7Information Requirements 第七条 对提供情况的要求

Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any rule of law that may require the parties to disclose their identities, place of business or other information, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making inaccurate, incomplete or false statements in that regard.
 
本公约中的规定概不影响适用任何可能要求当事人披露其身份、营业地或其他情况的法律规则,也不免除当事人就此作出不准确、不完整或虚假说明的法律后果。

 
Chapter III:Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 第三章 国际合同使用电子通信

 
Article 8 Legal Recognition of Electronic Communications 第八条 对电子通信的法律承认

 
1. A communication or a contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that it is in the form of an electronic communication. 一、对于一项通信或一项合同,不得仅以其为电子通信形式为由而否定其效力或可执行性。

 
2. Nothing in this Convention requires a party to use or accept electronic communications, but a party's general agreement to do so may be inferred from the party's conduct. 二、本公约中的规定概不要求当事人使用或接受电子通信,但可以根据当事人的作为推断其是否同意使用或接受电子通信。

 
Article 9 Form Requirements 第九条 形式要求

 
1. Nothing in this Convention requires a communication or a contract to be made or evidenced in any particular form.
......
 一、本公约中的规定概不要求一项通信或一项合同以任何特定形式作出、订立或证明。
......

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