Assessment Report on the Implementation of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015) | | 国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）实施评估报告 |
| (June 14, 2016 State Council Information Office) | | （2016年6月14日 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室） |
| Preface | | 前 言 |
| I. Overall Implementation | | 一、总体执行情况 |
| II. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | | 二、经济、社会和文化权利 |
| (1) Right to work | | （一）工作权利 |
| (2) Right to basic living standards | | （二）基本生活水准权利 |
| (3) Right to social security | | （三）社会保障权利 |
| (4) Right to health | | （四）健康权利 |
| (5) Right to education | | （五）受教育权利 |
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| (6) Cultural rights | | （六）文化权利 |
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| (7) Environmental rights | | （七）环境权利 |
| III. Civil and Political Rights | | 三、公民权利和政治权利 |
| (1) Rights of the person | | （一）人身权利 |
| (2) Rights of detainees | | （二）被羁押人的权利 |
| (3) Right to a fair trial | | （三）获得公正审判的权利 |
| (4) Freedom of religious belief | | （四）宗教信仰自由 |
| (5) Right to be informed | | （五）知情权 |
| (6) Right to participate | | （六）参与权 |
| (7) Right to be heard | | （七）表达权 |
| (8) Right to oversee | | （八）监督权 |
| IV. Rights of Ethnic Minorities, Women, Children, the Elderly and People with Disabilities | | 四、少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利 |
| (1) Rights of ethnic minorities | | （一）少数民族权利 |
| (2) Women's rights | | （二）妇女权利 |
| (3) Children's rights | | （三）儿童权利 |
| (4) Senior citizens' rights | | （四）老年人权利 |
| (5) Rights of people with disabilities | | （五）残疾人权利 |
| V. Human Rights Education | | 五、人权教育 |
| VI. Fulfillment of Obligations to International Human Rights Conventions, and International Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights | | 六、国际人权条约义务的履行和国际人权交流与合作 |
| (1) Fulfillment of obligations to international human rights conventions | | （一）履行国际人权条约义务 |
| (2) International exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights | | （二）开展国际人权交流与合作 |
| Preface | | 前 言 |
| In June 2012, with approval from the Chinese government, the Information Office of the State Council published the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). It is China's second national plan on human rights since the promulgation of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) in April 2009. The formulation and promulgation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an important step taken by the Chinese government to honor its solemn commitment on human rights, to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights and to advance China's human rights in a comprehensive way. | | 2012年6月，中国政府授权国务院新闻办公室发布了《国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）》（以下简称《行动计划》）。这是继2009年4月发布《国家人权行动计划（2009-2010年）》之后，中国政府制定的第二个国家人权计划。制定并发布国家人权行动计划，是中国政府信守人权领域的庄严承诺、落实尊重和保障人权的宪法原则、全面推进中国人权事业发展的一项重大举措。 |
| Local governments at various levels and the relevant departments of the central government and state organs have attached great importance to the implementation of the Action Plan. Based on the principle of "each performing its own functions and sharing the work and responsibilities," they have incorporated the Action Plan into the work plans of their regions and departments and adopted effective measures to implement it based on mid- and long-term work plans in their respective fields. Enterprises and public institutions, mass organizations, social groups, media organizations, academic and research institutions and the general public have also been actively involved in publicizing and implementing the Action Plan. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government, and with the joint efforts of all parties involved, all targets and tasks set by the Action Plan have been fulfilled as scheduled. | | 各级地方政府以及中央和国家机关各有关部门高度重视《行动计划》的执行，依照“各司其职、分工负责”的原则，将《行动计划》纳入本地区本部门工作规划，并结合各个领域的中长期工作规划，采取切实有效措施积极推动落实。各类企事业单位、人民团体、社会组织、新闻媒体、学术机构和社会各界积极参与《行动计划》的宣传教育和贯彻落实。在中国共产党和中国政府的坚强领导下，经过各方面共同努力，《行动计划》规定的目标任务如期完成。 |
| As stipulated in the Action Plan, a "joint meeting mechanism for the National Human Rights Action Plan" was created, consisting of the Information Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - they jointly take the leading role in this mechanism - and relevant state legislative and judiciary organs, departments of the State Council, mass organizations and social groups, and is responsible for coordinating the implementation, supervision and assessment of the Action Plan. | | 根据《行动计划》的规定，由国务院新闻办公室和外交部牵头，国家立法和司法机关、国务院相关职能部门以及人民团体、社会组织等组成国家人权行动计划联席会议机制，负责统筹协调《行动计划》的执行、监督和评估工作。 |
| In the second half of 2014, the joint meeting mechanism launched a mid-term assessment of the implementation of the Action Plan, instructed relevant departments and government institutions to deliver reports on the implementation of the Action Plan, organized experts and scholars to carry out corresponding research and investigations, convened a mid-term assessment meeting on the implementation of the Action Plan to appraise and review the implementation of the Action Plan for the earlier period, and made arrangements on how to better carry out the Action Plan in the next phase. | | 2014年下半年，联席会议机制组织开展了《行动计划》中期评估，责成各有关部门和单位对《行动计划》执行情况作出报告，组织专家学者有针对性地进行调查研究，召开《行动计划》执行情况中期评估会议，对前期的落实情况进行检查、评估《行动计划》的实施情况，对完成下一阶段的目标任务作出部署。 |
| In July 2015, the joint meeting mechanism launched the final assessment of the implementation of the Action Plan. The final assessment was conducted in three stages -- investigation, evaluation and summary. From July to December 2015, the Information Office of the State Council took representatives of media agencies and human rights experts on multiple tours of investigation in Beijing, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other regions where they conducted interviews and research and listened to comments and suggestions of people from all walks of life and the general public. Entrusted by the joint meeting mechanism, the China Society for Human Rights Studies arranged multiple trips for human rights experts and representatives of social groups to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Dalian, Jinan, Wuhan and other places to conduct investigations on the implementation of the Action Plan. | | 2015年7月，联席会议机制启动了《行动计划》终期评估工作。工作分调研、评估、总结三个阶段。2015年7月至12月，国务院新闻办公室多次组织新闻单位、人权专家赴北京、辽宁、上海、江苏、江西、广东、广西、青海、新疆等地采访、调研，听取各界人士、社会民众的意见和建议。受联席会议机制委托，中国人权研究会多次组织人权专家和社会组织代表赴北京、天津、上海、重庆、大连、济南、武汉等地，就《行动计划》的落实情况进行调研。 |
| The joint meeting mechanism instructed relevant departments and institutions to make a self-assessment of the completion of their respective tasks concerning the Action Plan, and to submit written reports. On this basis, the joint meeting mechanism organized a team of human rights experts from relevant departments and institutions of the central government, mass organizations and social groups as well as the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Nankai University, Shandong University, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and other universities and research institutions. The team examined and analyzed the self-appraisals of each department and institution in accordance with the targets set by the Action Plan, solicited opinions and suggestions from member organizations of the joint meeting mechanism and all social sectors and finally formulated the Assessment Report on the Implementation of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015). It is hereby promulgated as follows. | | 联席会议机制责成各有关部门和单位对各自所涉计划任务的执行、落实与完成情况进行自我评估，并提交书面评估报告。在此基础上，联席会议机制组织中央和国家机关有关部门和单位、人民团体、社会组织以及中央党校、南开大学、山东大学、西南政法大学、上海社会科学院等高校和科研机构人权专家，对照《行动计划》中各项指标，对各部门、各单位的自我评估情况进行逐条核实和分析，并广泛征求联席会议机制成员单位和社会各界的意见和建议，最后形成了《〈国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）〉实施评估报告》，现予以公布。 |
| I. Overall Implementation | | 一、总体执行情况 |
| hina's human rights cause saw extraordinary development during the four years from 2012 to 2015. While striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Chinese government combined its human rights endeavors with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological construction in accordance with its strategic blueprint to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepen reform, advance the law-based governance and strengthen Party self-discipline. It has taken various steps to strengthen the protection of human rights and worked strenuously to achieve the main targets and tasks set by the National Human Rights Action Plan (2012-2015), advancing the cause of human rights in China to a new stage. | | 2012-2015年，是中国人权事业发展很不平凡的四年。在努力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的征程中，中国政府围绕全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，将人权事业的发展与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设相结合，不断加大各项人权保障力度，努力完成《国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）》规定的主要目标和任务，中国人权事业又上了一个新台阶。 |
| -- Sticking to the vision of people-centered development, speeding up the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and ensuring people's economic, social and cultural rights | | --坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，加快全面建成小康社会，保障人民的经济、社会和文化权利。 |
| From 2012 to 2015, faced with a complex international situation and the challenging tasks of promoting reform and development while maintaining stability at home, the Chinese government stuck to the new vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, actively adapted to and promoted the 'new normal' in economic development, and made unceasing efforts to deepen reform and opening-up. It stuck to the policy of maintaining stable growth, promoting reform, making structural adjustments, improving people's lives and guarding against risks to push for more efficient, fairer and more sustainable growth. It also worked to ensure that all people can enjoy the dividend of reform and development and that they gain an increasingly greater sense of benefit. | | 2012-2015年，面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，中国政府坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，主动适应和引领经济发展新常态，不断深化改革，扩大开放，坚持稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，推动经济更有效率、更加公平、更可持续发展，改革发展红利惠及全体人民，使全体人民在共建共享中有更多获得感。 |
| From 2012 to 2015, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.4 percent. The per capita disposable income of urban residents increased by 7.5 percent annually while the per capita net income for rural residents increased by 9.2 percent annually. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept within 4.1 percent. 66.63 million people in rural areas were lifted out of poverty. The number of permanent urban residents has increased to account for 56.1 percent of the total population. 24.28 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas. Basic medical insurance was expanded to cover over 95 percent of the population and participation in basic old-age insurance plans exceeded 80 percent. A public service system was basically completed and equal access to education was better enforced. The overall health conditions of the population improved notably. Internet construction accelerated, allowing citizens easier access to enjoy their cultural rights. Greater efforts were made to improve the environment and new progress was achieved in ecological conservation. The rights and interests of ethnic minorities, women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities have been further guaranteed. | | 2012-2015年，中国国内生产总值年均增长7.4%，城镇居民人均可支配收入年均增长7.5%，农村居民人均纯收入年均增长9.2%，城镇登记失业率保持在4.1%以内，农村贫困人口减少6663万人，常住人口城镇化率上升到56.1%，全国城镇保障性安居工程基本建成2428万套。基本医疗保险参保率95%以上，基本养老保险参保率超过80%。公共服务体系基本建成，教育公平得到更好落实，全民健康状况明显改善，互联网建设加快推进，为公民享受文化权利提供了更便捷条件。环境治理力度加大，生态文明建设取得新进展。少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人权利得到进一步保障。 |
| -- Building a socialist law-based country, striving to modernize the state governance system and governance capacity and guaranteeing citizens' civil and political rights | | --坚持建设社会主义法治国家，努力实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，切实保障公民权利和政治权利。 |
| The socialist democracy was steadily moved forward. Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration. Citizens' rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee were guaranteed. Further efforts were made to streamline administration and delegate powers. A power list system was established. From 2014 to 2015, the government delegated the power or canceled the requirement for government review for 557 items; canceled the requirement for verification or approval for 272 professional qualifications; and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review and approval. It improved regulations governing the ruling party and punished corruption and job-related crimes, creating a sound political and legal environment for the protection of human rights. Efforts were made to deepen the reform of the judicial system, to optimize the allocation of judicial powers, to improve the system of judicial responsibilities and to promote judicial transparency. The system of legal proceedings was revised and improved and the legal principles were strictly implemented to ensure legally prescribed punishment for a crime, innocence until proven guilty and the exclusion of illegal evidence. Stringent efforts were made to guarantee lawyers' rights to perform their duties and to guard against and rectify wrong or false convictions. Guarantees were in place to ensure that judicial organs can perform their duties independently and justly in accordance with the law. Citizens' rights of the person and rights to a fair trial were protected in accordance with the law to ensure that they can feel fairness and justice in every judicial case. | | 社会主义民主政治建设稳步发展，政务公开加快推进，推广电子政务和网上办事，公民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权得到保障。深入推进简政放权，设立权力清单制度。2014-2015年，取消和下放557项行政审批事项，取消272项职业资格许可和认定事项，彻底终结了非行政许可审批。完善执政党的规章条例，依法惩治腐败犯罪和职务犯罪，为人权保障创造良好的政治和法治环境。深化司法体制改革，优化司法职权配置，完善司法责任制，推进司法公开；修改完善诉讼制度，严格落实罪刑法定、疑罪从无、非法证据排除等法律原则，加强律师执业权利保障，坚决防止和纠正冤假错案；确保司法机关依法独立公正行使职权，依法保障公民的人身权、公正审判权等各项权利，努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义。 |
| -- Upholding core socialist values, promoting human rights theory research and human rights education, and striving to improve the public's awareness to respect and protect human rights | | --坚持社会主义核心价值观，推进人权理论研究和人权教育，努力提升全社会尊重和保障人权意识。 |
| The ideas of prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, rule of law, patriotism, dedication, integrity and friendship were actively promoted for the whole society so as to nurture and practice core socialist values. These values are the common aspirations and spiritual prop of the Chinese people. They define the basic requirements and development direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and play an important role in guiding and leading the development of China's human rights cause. | | 在全社会大力倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善，积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。社会主义核心价值观是中国人民的共同理想和精神支柱，规定了中国特色社会主义建设的本质要求和发展方向，也对中国人权事业发展起着重要的指导和引领作用。 |
| Human rights education and training were conducted in various forms to promote the ideas about human rights and to spread the knowledge on human rights. Human rights and legal education were incorporated into the campaign to increase the public's knowledge of the law, school education and specialized education. The level of access and specialization of human rights education has been steadily raised. Human rights and legal education for leading officials and public office holders were enhanced, with the State Council Information Office holding multiple training sessions on human rights. Higher education institutions were encouraged to open human rights courses and to train personnel and five new "national-level human rights education and training bases" were set up, completing the tasks set by the Action Plan ahead of schedule. Academic research on human rights was actively conducted and fruitful results were achieved on the research on human rights theories with Chinese characteristics. | | 开展多种形式的人权教育和培训，传播人权理念，普及人权知识。把人权法治教育融入全民普法、学校教育和专门教育工作中，人权教育大众化、专业化水平不断提高。加强领导干部、公职人员的人权法治教育，国务院新闻办公室多次举办人权知识培训班。支持高校人权相关专业建设和人才培养，新增5个“国家人权教育与培训基地”，提前完成行动计划确定的任务。积极开展人权学术研究，中国特色社会主义人权理论研究取得丰硕成果。 |
| -- Conducting international exchanges and cooperation on human rights on the basis of equality and mutual respect, faithfully fulfilling obligations under international human rights conventions, promoting the healthy development of international human rights endeavors | | --坚持在平等和相互尊重的基础上开展国际人权交流与合作，认真履行国际人权条约，推动国际人权事业健康发展。 |
| From 2012 to 2015, China continued to earnestly fulfill its obligations under the international human rights conventions to which it is a signatory and held constructive dialogue with relevant treaty bodies on China's implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. China participated and passed the second round of the UN Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review. It took an active part in multilateral human rights meetings hosted by the Third Committee of UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council. China and UN Women jointly held the Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. | | 2012-2015年，中国继续认真履行已加入的国际人权条约义务，与有关条约机构就中国执行《残疾人权利公约》《儿童权利公约》《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》情况开展建设性对话。顺利接受联合国人权理事会第二轮国别人权审查。深入参与联合国大会第三委员会、联合国人权理事会等多边人权会议。同联合国妇女署联合举办全球妇女峰会。 |
| From 2012 to 2015, China held over 20 human rights dialogues and exchanges with the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Switzerland and others. It conducted more than 10 human rights consultations and exchanges with countries including Russia, Brazil, Pakistan and Cuba. The China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development jointly hosted four meetings of the Beijing Forum on Human Rights. | | 2012-2015年，中国同美国、欧盟、英国、德国、澳大利亚、瑞士等举行20余次人权对话和交流，同俄罗斯、巴西、巴基斯坦、古巴等开展10余次人权磋商和交流。中国人权研究会和中国人权发展基金会联合主办了4届“北京人权论坛”。 |
| With the joint efforts of the Chinese government and its people from all ethnic groups, major targets and tasks set by the Action Plan had been fulfilled as scheduled by the end of 2015. Of these, about 48 percent of the binding targets and over 50 percent of the targets concerning the people's livelihood had been met ahead of time or exceeded, thus realizing the comprehensive implementation of the Action Plan. | | 在中国政府和全国各族人民的共同努力下，到2015年年底，如期完成了计划预定的主要目标任务，其中约48%的约束性指标、50%以上的涉民生指标提前或超额完成，《行动计划》得到全面落实。 |
| Besides the binding targets stipulated in the Action Plan, the Chinese government actively responded to hot issues and peoples' complaints and made extra efforts to strengthen the protection of human rights. Starting in 2012, restrictions on students taking national college entrance exams in places where their parents work and live were gradually lifted and their rights to education were further enhanced. In December 2013, the reeducation through labor system was abolished. In August 2015, four categories of criminals serving their prison terms were pardoned under an amnesty and Amendment IX to the Criminal Law was deliberated and passed. The amendment abolished the death penalty for 9 crimes, reducing the number of crimes where the death penalty is applicable from 55 to 46. | | 在《行动计划》规定的约束性指标之外，中国政府积极回应社会热点和民众诉求，做了大量促进人权保障的工作。自2012年起，异地高考逐步开放，受教育权得到更加充分的落实；2013年12月，劳动教养制度被废止；2015年8月，对四类服刑罪犯予以特赦；审议通过刑法修正案（九），在立法上取消了9个罪名的死刑，适用死刑的罪名从原来的55个减少至46个，等等。 |
| The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government incorporated the principle of universality of human rights into China's national conditions and substantially improved protection of people's rights to subsistence and development, promoted the coordinated development of economic, social and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights, successfully charting a path of human rights development suiting China's national conditions. The fulfilling of the Action Plan as scheduled fully demonstrates the commitment and confidence of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government to promote the development of the human rights cause in a coordinated and orderly way and the huge advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. | | 中国共产党和中国政府坚持把人权的普遍性原则同中国实际相结合，显著提高了人民生存权、发展权的保障水平，促进了经济、社会和文化权利、公民权利和政治权利全面协调发展，成功走出了一条适合中国国情的人权发展道路。《行动计划》的如期完成，充分表现出中国共产党和中国政府全面有序推进人权事业发展的决心和信心，显示了中国特色社会主义制度的巨大优越性。 |
| There is no best, only better human rights protection. The Chinese government is keenly aware it still faces many challenges despite China's tremendous achievements in the development of human rights. Its economic development mode is still crude and it is still fraught with problems from unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. There is still a big gap between urban and rural development. There are still problems of immediate concern to the people remaining to be solved, including medical care, education, old age care, food and drug safety, income distribution and the environment. The corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored. There is still a long way to go to realize higher-level protection of human rights in China and hard efforts must be made. | | 人权保障没有最好，只有更好。中国政府清醒地认识到，虽然中国人权事业的发展取得巨大成就，但还面临诸多挑战。经济发展方式粗放，不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍然突出，城乡区域发展差距仍然较大，与人民群众切身利益相关的医疗、教育、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配、环境等方面还有一些困难要解决，一些领域的不正之风和腐败形势不容忽视。在中国，实现更高水平的人权保障任重道远，依然要付出艰巨努力。 |
| In a congratulatory letter to the Beijing Forum on Human Rights in September 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that the Chinese people have gone through much suffering and know very well the great significance of human value, basic human rights and human dignity to social development and progress. It is a common objective of the human society for people to fully enjoy human rights. China will steadfastly advance the human rights cause both in China and the rest of the world and work to make greater contribution to the advancement of human civilization. | | 2015年9月，中国国家主席习近平在致北京人权论坛的贺信中指出，中国人民历经苦难，深知人的价值、基本人权、人格尊严对社会发展进步的重大意义。实现人民充分享有人权是人类社会的共同奋斗目标，中国将坚定不移地推进中国人权事业和世界人权事业的共同发展，不断为人类文明进步事业作出更大贡献。 |
| II. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | | 二、经济、社会和文化权利 |
| From 2012 to 2015, China continued to deepen reform and adopted a series of important measures to promote development and improve people's livelihoods, comprehensively strengthening the guarantee of people's economic, social and cultural rights. Major targets set by the Action Plan were fulfilled on schedule. | | 2012-2015年，国家不断深化改革，采取一系列既利发展又惠民生的重大措施，人民的经济、社会和文化权利保障得到全面加强，《行动计划》规定的主要目标任务如期完成。 |
| (1) Right to work | | （一）工作权利 |
| Equal rights to employment have been guaranteed. In 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, 12.66 million, 13.1 million, 13.22 million and 13.12 million new urban jobs were created respectively, surpassing the target of 9 million new jobs every year. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept within 4.1 percent, lower than the 5 percent target. | | 平等就业权利得到保障。2012年、2013年、2014年、2015年，城镇新增就业人数分别为1266万人、1310万人、1322万人、1312万人，超过年均新增就业900万人的计划预期目标。城镇登记失业率保持在4.1%以内，低于计划5%的控制目标。 |
| The right to get work remuneration as well as rest and leave has been further guaranteed. In 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, minimum wages were raised in 25, 27, 19 and 27 regions respectively by 20.1 percent, 17 percent, 14.1 percent and 14.9 percent. In 2012, the Standing Committee of the National People' s Congress amended the Labor Contract Law, again stressing equal pay for equal work. In 2015, more than 90 percent of employees working in various enterprises signed labor contracts. More than 50 percent of workers enjoyed annual leave with pay in 2015, according to a survey on human resources and social security conducted in 60 cities in November 2015. | | 获得劳动报酬和休息休假的权利得到进一步保障。2012-2015年，分别有25个、27个、19个、27个地区调整了最低工资标准，平均增幅分别为20.1%、17.0%、14.1%、14.9%。2012年，全国人大常委会修改劳动合同法，继续强调同工同酬。2015年，全国各类企业劳动合同签订率90%以上。2015年11月开展的部分城市（60个城市）人力资源社会保障基本情况调查显示，已有超过50%的职工当年享受了带薪年休假。 |
| Work safety conditions have continued to improve. The State Administration of Work Safety issued Opinions on Further Enhancing the Construction of the System of National Work Safety Emergency Platforms. The central government, 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), some cities, major counties and large enterprises in high-risk industries set up separate work safety platforms. Communication and connectivity were established among the platforms of the central government, 13 provincial regions and 7 national mine emergency rescue teams. Compared with 2011, the number of all types of industrial accidents and the number of deaths decreased by 19 percent and 12.4 percent respectively and the number of major industrial accidents and the number of deaths decreased by 47.2 percent and 31 percent respectively. In 2013, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress deliberated and passed the Law on Special Equipment Safety. From 2011 to 2015, while the total number of special equipment increased by 70 percent, the number of deaths related to special equipment was kept within 300 each year for five consecutive years and the death rate for every 10,000 pieces of special equipment decreased to 0.36 in 2015 from 0.67 in 2010, matching the level of special equipment safety in medium developed countries. Relevant government departments revised the Administrative Measures for Diagnosis and Identification of Occupational Diseases and the Classified List of Hazardous Factors of Occupational Diseases, formulated five regulations including the Provisions on the Supervision and Administration of Occupational Health at Work Sites, the Measures for the Administration of Occupational Health Examination and criteria for diagnosing new occupational diseases. They also issued over 70 occupational health technical standards including the Technical Code for Dust Control in Stone Material Processing. Special campaigns were launched to control dust and hazardous materials in industries prone to occupational diseases including gold mining, cement production, stone material processing and wood furniture making. | | 安全生产条件不断改善。国家安全生产监督管理总局发布《关于进一步加强国家安全生产应急平台体系建设的意见》，国家和20个省（区、市）、部分市、重点县及高危行业大型企业分别建立安全生产应急平台，实现国家平台与13个省级应急平台、7支国家矿山应急救援队应急平台的互联互通。与2011年相比，2015年全国各类事故起数和死亡人数分别下降19%和12.4%，重特大事故起数和死亡人数分别下降47.2%和31%。2013年，全国人大常委会审议通过特种设备安全法。2011-2015年，在特种设备数量增长70%的情况下，特种设备死亡人数连续5年控制在300人以内，万台特种设备死亡率从2010年的0.67下降到2015年的0.36，特种设备安全状况达到中等发达国家水平。有关部门修改《职业病诊断与鉴定管理办法》《职业病危害因素分类目录》，制定《工作场所职业卫生监督管理规定》等5部规章、《职业健康检查管理办法》和新增职业病诊断标准，发布《石材加工工艺防尘技术规范》等70余项职业卫生技术标准。在金矿开采、水泥制造、石材加工、木制家具制造等职业病危害严重领域开展粉尘及毒物专项治理行动。 |
| The skills of workers have been upgraded. Rural and urban workers received extensive vocational training. By the end of 2015, the total number of skilled workers had reached 167 million, exceeding the planned target of 125 million ahead of schedule. 45.01 million of them were highly-skilled workers, accounting for 27.28 percent of the total. | | 劳动者技能得到提升。积极开展面向城乡劳动者的职业培训，截至2015年年底，全国技能劳动者总量达1.67亿人，提前并超额完成1.25亿人的计划预期目标，其中高技能人才4501万人，占技能劳动者的27.28%。 |
| (2) Right to basic living standards | | （二）基本生活水准权利 |
| From 2012 to 2015, the increase of residents' per capita disposable income surpassed the growth rate of GDP of the same period. The annual growth rate of the per-capita disposal income of urban residents and per-capita net income of rural residents were 7.5 percent and 9.2 percent respectively, exceeding the planned target growth of 7 percent. | | 2012-2015年，居民人均可支配收入增长速度总体上高于同期国内生产总值增长速度，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均增长率分别为7.5%和9.2%，超过7%的计划预期目标。 |
| Tangible results have been achieved in poverty reduction. In 2012, relevant government departments formulated the 12th Five-year Plan for Poverty Reduction Village By Village. By 2015, poverty alleviation projects covering 30,000 villages had been implemented, exceeding the target of 24,000 villages. Investment totaled 144.569 billion yuan, an average of 4.8 million yuan for each village. From 2012 to 2015, the State Development and Reform Commission appropriated 21 billion yuan from the central budget for relocation of impoverished residents, which brought about an additional more than 200 billion yuan in local government input and various other investments. About 8 million people in poverty were relocated. Training programs in practical skills focusing on planting and breeding were conducted for 9.3 million impoverished laborers who chose to stay. The government allocated various poverty reduction funds totaling 25.53 billion yuan for 17 impoverished border counties (cities) and launched 3,807 poverty reduction projects in border areas, directly benefiting 306,000 households. By the end of 2015, over 729,000 technicians had been sent to grassroots levels in rural areas, covering 90 percent of all counties (cities, districts) and helping 60 million people directly or indirectly. | | 扶贫开发成效显著。2012年，有关部门制定《扶贫开发整村推进“十二五”规划》。截至2015年年底，3万个规划整村推进村全面启动实施，超出2.4万个村的计划预期目标；投入资金1445.69亿元，村均投入480万元。2012-2015年，国家发展改革委安排易地扶贫搬迁中央预算内投资210亿元，带动地方财政投入和各类投资2000多亿元，累计搬迁贫困人口约800万人。针对留守务工贫困群众，重点开展以种植业、养殖业为主要内容的农村实用技术培训，共培训930万人次。国家向17个边境贫困县（市）投入各类扶贫资金255.3亿元，安排边境扶贫项目3807个，30.6万户边境居民直接受益。截至2015年，全国农村基层已有超过72.9万名科技特派员，覆盖全国90%的县（市、区），辐射带动6000万人。 |
| The number of people living in poverty has been greatly reduced. From 2012 to 2015, the number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 66.63 million. In 2015, the state raised the national poverty alleviation standard from the 2010 level of 2,300 yuan to 2,855 yuan following a dynamic adjustment mechanism. The standards set by some provincial regions were higher than the national standard. | | 贫困人口大幅减少。2012-2015年，农村贫困人口减少6663万人。2015年，国家扶贫标准按2010年价格的2300元动态调整为2855元，部分省的扶贫标准高于国家标准。 |
| Housing conditions have been improved. In 2012, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Measures for the Administration of Public Rental Housing. In 2014, the public rental housing system and the low-cost rental housing system merged into one. From 2012 to 2015, the state allocated 770 billion yuan to support affordable housing projects, with 29.7 million housing units starting construction and with 24.28 million units basically completed. The central government provided a subsidy of 127.1 billion yuan for redevelopment of dilapidated buildings in rural areas nationwide, with 15.24 million housing units redeveloped, exceeding the planned target by more than 200 percent. | | 居住条件得到改善。2012年，住房城乡建设部颁布《公共租赁住房管理办法》。2014年，公共租赁住房和廉租住房并轨运行。2012-2015年，国家安排7700多亿元支持城镇保障性安居工程，新开工2970万套，基本建成2428万套。中央安排全国农村危房改造补助资金1271亿元，支持改造农村危房1524万户，超过计划预期目标2倍以上。 |
| (3) Right to social security | | （三）社会保障权利 |
| The social security system has been further improved. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued regulations including the Provisions on the Administration of Declaration and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums and the Administrative Measure for Assessing the Work Capacity of Employees Sustaining Work-Related Injuries. In 2014, the old-age insurance system for urban residents and the new rural old-age insurance system were unified and implemented, creating a unified national basic old-age insurance system for both urban and rural residents. By the end of 2015, the number of people underwriting the old-age insurance had reached 858 million, including 505 million for the basic old-age insurance and 353 million for the urban employees' basic pension insurance, exceeding the planned target. 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) established unified planning for employees' basic pension insurance system. Enterprise retirees' basic pensions increased by about 10 percent annually for 5 consecutive years and the per capita monthly basic pension increased to more than 2,240 yuan in 2015 from 1,362 yuan in 2010. | | 社会保险制度体系进一步健全。人力资源社会保障部发布《社会保险费申报缴纳管理规定》《工伤职工劳动能力鉴定管理办法》等规章。2014年，城镇居民社会养老保险制度与新型农村社会养老保险制度合并实施，建立起全国统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度。截至2015年年底，全国养老保险参保人数达8.58亿人，其中城乡居民基本养老保险参保人数达5.05亿人，职工基本养老保险参保人数达3.53亿人，超额完成计划预期目标。全国31个省（区、市）建立了职工基本养老保险省级统筹制度。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年按10%左右的比例上调，月人均基本养老金水平自2010年的1362元提高到2015年的2240多元。 |
| The basic medical insurance coverage has been extended to all citizens, with the rate of participation surpassing 95 percent. By the end of 2014, the number of people subscribing to new rural cooperative medical insurance policies reached 736 million, with the rate of participation staying at 99 percent, exceeding the planned target ahead of schedule. By the end of 2014, the number of people subscribing to medical insurance for urban employees, medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance policies had exceeded 1.33 billion, an increase of over 60 million compared with that of 2010, fulfilling the planned target ahead of schedule. Per capita funding for medical insurance increased to 515 yuan in 2015, from 164 yuan in 2010, with the government grant increasing to 380 yuan for each person in 2015 from 120 yuan in 2010, exceeding the planned target. 80 percent, 70 percent and 75 percent of patients' medical treatment costs covered by urban employees' medical insurance, urban residents' medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance respectively will be reimbursed. The new rural cooperative medical insurance system has generally established unified planning for outpatients to cover over 50 percent of their expenses. | | 基本医疗保险制度覆盖全民，参保率95%以上。截至2014年年底，新型农村合作医疗参合人数达到7.36亿人，参合率保持在99%，提前并超额完成计划预期目标。截至2014年年底，职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗参保人数超过13.3亿人，比2010年新增6000多万人，提前完成计划预期目标。居民医疗保险筹资水平由2010年的人均164元提高到2015年的515元，各级财政补助标准由2010年的人均120元提高到2015年的380元，超额完成计划预期目标。职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗政策范围内报销比例分别达到80%、70%、75%。新型农村合作医疗普遍建立门诊统筹制度，支付比例50%以上。 |
| Coverage of unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance continued to expand. By the end of 2015, the number of subscribers to unemployment insurance had reached 173 million, exceeding the planned target ahead of schedule. 7 provinces realized unified planning for unemployment insurance at the provincial level while all or some of the cities in 21 provinces and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps achieved unified planning at the city level. By the end of 2015, the number of subscribers to work-related injury insurance had reached 214 million. Unified planning for work-related injury insurance at the city level was basically in place while 10 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) issued measures for unified planning at the provincial level. By the end of 2015, the number of people subscribing to maternity insurance had reached 178 million, exceeding the planned target. | | 失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险的覆盖面不断扩大。截至2015年年底，失业保险参保人数达到1.73亿人，超额完成计划预期目标。7个省实现失业保险省级统筹，21个省和新疆生产建设兵团的全部或部分地市实现市级统筹。工伤保险参保人数达到2.14亿人。工伤保险市级统筹基本实现，10个省（区、市）出台省级统筹办法。生育保险参保人数达到1.78亿人，超额完成计划预期目标。 |
| The level of social assistance has steadily improved. By the end of 2015, per capita monthly subsidies for subsistence in urban and rural areas had reached 451 yuan and 264.8 yuan respectively, an average annual increase of 10 percent. The per capita annual subsistence allowance for rural residents enjoying the "Five Guarantees" (food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses) under collective care reached 6,026 yuan while the figure for those under individual care stood at 4,490 yuan, an increase of 48.4 percent and 49.3 percent respectively compared with 2012. 84.06 million people received medical assistance nationwide, with a total expenditure of 27.4 billion yuan. The one-stop settlement model was in place for medical assistance expenses in 92 percent of all areas around the country. | | 社会救助水平逐步提高。截至2015年年底，城乡最低生活保障标准分别达到每月人均451元和264.8元，年均增幅达到10%。农村“五保”集中和分散供养年人均标准分别达到6026元和4490元，比2012年同期分别增长48.4%和49.3%。全国共实施医疗救助8406万人次，支出资金274亿元。全国92%的地区实现医疗救助 “一站式”结算。 |
| (4) Right to health | | （四）健康权利 |
| The conditions for health care and medical security have further improved. By the end of 2015, China had trained 173,000 general practitioners through job-transfer training, on-the-job training and standardized training, more than achieving its planned goal. The average life expectancy reached 76.34 years - higher than the planned standard. | | 医疗卫生保障条件进一步改善。截至2015年年底，通过转岗培训、在岗培训和规范化培训等方式培养17.3万名全科医生，超额完成计划预期目标。人均期望寿命达到76.34岁，高于计划预期标准。 |
| Public health services are guaranteed in a more comprehensive way. A law on mental health has been adopted and enforced. Efforts have been made to carry out the Development Guidelines for the National Mental Health Work System (2008-2015) and strengthen the construction of a mental health service system. A nationwide program has been implemented to screen, diagnose, register and visit those who suffer from severe mental problems. By the end of 2015, 4.922 million mentally ill people had been registered around the country, accounting for 85.5 percent of all such patients. The per-capita spending for public health services was raised to 40 yuan by 2015 from 25 yuan in 2011. Urban and rural residents were entitled to such free services as establishing health records, and receiving health education and vaccination. The world's biggest direct Internet reporting system has been set up for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. A total of 265 demonstration areas have been established for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, managing over 86 million people suffering from high blood pressure and over 24 million diabetics. A border prevention and control system was established that integrates risk assessment, on-site quarantines, laboratory testing, information disclosure and joint prevention and control. By June 2014, a total of 259 ports of entry in operation had been evaluated and accepted, greatly raising the abilities for disease prevention and control and the handling of emergencies at ports of entry. | | 公共卫生服务得到更全面保障。通过并实施精神卫生法。组织实施《全国精神卫生工作体系发展指导纲要（2008年-2015年）》，全面加强精神卫生服务体系建设。在全国开展严重精神障碍患者筛查诊断、登记管理和随访服务等工作。截至2015年年底，全国在册患者492.2万例，患者管理率达到85.5%。人均公共卫生服务经费由2011年的25元提高到2015年的40元。城乡居民免费获得建立健康档案、健康教育、预防接种等多项服务。已建成全球规模最大的传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件网络直报系统。建成慢性病综合防控示范区265个，管理高血压患者8600多万人、糖尿病患者2400多万人。构建风险评估、现场检疫查验、实验室检测、信息通报、联防联控为一体的口岸传染病防控体系。截至2014年6月，全国259个运营中的口岸全部验收达标，口岸疾病防控和应急处置能力大幅提升。 |
| The prevention of endemic diseases has been enhanced. The goal of eliminating iodine deficiency diseases has been realized. In areas with a high incidence of endemic fluorosis caused by coal burning, preventive measures have been adopted with 99.4 percent of the coal-burning furnaces and stoves modified. China has basically completed projects to provide safe drinking water and improve water quality in areas afflicted by endemic fluorosis and arseniasis which are caused mainly by unsafe drinking water. An investigation into the regional distribution of endemic arseniasis has been completed, and measures aimed at modifying furnaces and stoves or improving water quality by reducing arsenic have been basically implemented. Comprehensive prevention and control measures have been taken including the relocation of residents from areas afflicted by Kaschin-Beck and Keshan diseases and the consumption of foodstuffs from non-endemic areas. By the end of 2014, over 90 percent of the villages afflicted by Kaschin-Beck disease had brought the disease under control, and 96.4 percent of the counties where Keshan disease remained an endemic had also brought it under control, achieving the planned goals in advance. | | 地方病防治力度加大。实现消除碘缺乏病的目标。燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区改炉改灶率达到99.4%。基本完成饮水型地方性氟中毒、砷中毒病区饮水安全工程建设，完成地方性砷中毒病区分布调查，基本落实病区改炉改灶或改水降砷措施。针对大骨节病和克山病，实施移民搬迁、食用非病区粮食等综合防控措施，截至2014年年底，全国90%以上的病区村控制了大骨节病，96.4%的病区县控制了克山病，提前完成计划预期目标。 |
| The safety of drinking water has been further ensured. By the end of 2015, China had expanded a monitoring network for the safety of drinking water, and extended its coverage to all urban districts and over 60 percent of townships. Between 2011 and 2015, as many as 298 million rural residents and 41.33 million rural teachers and students had access to safe drinking water, and meanwhile, efforts were made to make safe drinking water accessible to 5.66 million rural people in particularly difficult areas including ethnic Tibetan areas in the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan. The proportion of the rural population with access to centralized water supply was raised from 58 percent in 2010 to 82 percent in 2015, with tap water available to 76 percent of rural areas. All the progress made exceeded the planned goals. | | 饮用水安全得到进一步保障。截至2015年年底，饮用水卫生监测覆盖范围扩大至所有城区和60%的乡镇。2011-2015年，全面解决2.98亿农村居民和4133万农村学校师生饮水安全问题，同步解决青海、四川、甘肃、云南四省藏区等特殊困难地区566万农村人口的饮水安全问题，农村集中式供水人口比例由2010年的58%提高到2015年的82%，农村自来水普及率达到76%，均超额完成计划预期目标。 |
| Food and drug safety measures have been enhanced. The China Food and Drug Administration was established in 2013. In 2015, the NPC Standing Committee amended the country's food safety law, and the departments concerned laid down a series of departmental regulations including the Provisions for the Administration of Food Business Licensing, the Provisions for the Administration of Quality and Safety Monitoring for the Sale of Edible Agricultural Products and the Administrative Procedures for Food Recalls. The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate promulgated the Explanations on a Certain Number of Issues Relating to the Application of Laws to Criminal Cases Harming Food Safety and the Provisions on a Certain Number of Issues Relating to the Application of Laws on Cases of Disputes over Food and Drugs. Nearly 5,000 criteria for various kinds of foodstuffs were reviewed and 683 state criteria for food safety were promulgated. | | 食品药品安全的保障措施得到加强。2013年组建国家食品药品监督管理总局。2015年，全国人大常委会修改食品安全法，有关部门配套制定《食品经营许可管理办法》《食用农产品市场销售质量安全监督管理办法》《食品召回管理办法》等多项部门规章。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院发布《关于办理危害食品安全刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》《关于审理食品药品纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》。清理近5000项各类食品标准，发布683项食品安全国家标准。 |
| The NPC Standing Committee authorized the State Council to launch pilot schemes in certain regions aiming to establish a system of permit-holders for the sale of pharmaceuticals. The State Council also revised the Regulations for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices. The China Food and Drug Administration has reviewed and issued a series of regulations including the Provisions for the Supervision and Management of Medical Device Production, the Provisions for the Supervision and Management of Medical Device Operation, the Regulations on the Quality of Operation of Pharmaceutical Products and the Provisions for the Flight Check of Pharmaceutical Products and Medical Devices. An action plan was carried out to raise the national standards for drugs and medical devices, which led to the formulation of 4,368 criteria for pharmaceuticals and 562 criteria for medical devices. From 2011 to 2015, more than 720,000 cases in violation of drug administration provisions were handled. About 36,000 criminal cases involving pharmaceuticals were resolved. | | 全国人大常委会授权国务院在部分地方开展药品上市许可持有人制度试点。国务院修改《医疗器械监督管理条例》，国家食品药品监督管理总局审核发布《医疗器械生产监督管理办法》《医疗器械经营监督管理办法》《药品经营质量管理规范》《药品医疗器械飞行检查管理办法》等一系列规章。实施国家药品医疗器械标准提高行动计划，共完成药品标准4368个、医疗器械标准562项。2011-2015年，共查处药品违法案件72万余件，侦破药品犯罪案件3.6万起。 |
| Public sports facilities for national fitness have been improved. The National Fitness Program (2011-2015) has been carried out in full. The number of sports venues of various kinds exceeded 1.69 million, with a per-capita sports area reaching 1.57 square meters, which is bigger than the target size. By the end of 2014, national fitness centers had been built in over 50 percent of the country's cities and counties (districts); practical fitness equipment had been installed in over 50 percent of neighborhoods (townships), urban communities and rural administrative villages. Both goals were achieved ahead of schedule. | | 全民健身公共体育设施得到改善。《全民健身计划（2011-2015年）》全面推进落实，全国各类体育场地达到169万余个，人均体育场地面积达到1.57平方米，均超额完成计划预期目标。截至2014年年底，50%以上的市（地）、县（区）有全民健身活动中心，50%以上的街道（乡镇）、城市社区、农村行政村有体育健身设施，均提前完成计划预期目标。 |
| (5) Right to education | | （五）受教育权利 |
| The Outline of the State Medium- and Long-term Program on Education Reform and Development (2010-2020) has been steadily implemented. In 2015, the NPC Standing Committee amended and promulgated the Education Law and the Higher Education Law. During the year, the net enrollment rate in primary schools was 99.88 percent, gross enrollment rate in junior high schools reached 104 percent, and 93 percent of the students enrolled eventually completed their nine-year compulsory education. | | 《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》稳步落实。2015年，全国人大常委会修改并发布教育法和高等教育法。2015年，小学学龄儿童净入学率为99.88%，初中毛入学率为104%，九年义务教育巩固率为93%。 |
| Pre-school education has been further developed. A 3-year action plan was implemented for the first and second stage pre-school education. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government appropriated 62.1 billion yuan for pre-school education development mainly in rural areas of central and western China to accelerate the construction of pre-school education networks in counties, townships and villages, and award and subsidize local governments in helping preschoolers, orphans and disabled children of poverty-stricken families enroll in kindergartens. In 2015, there were 223,700 kindergartens throughout the country serving 42.6483 million children. As a result, 75 percent of the children who would be starting school in three years were enrolled in kindergartens. The planned goal of having 65 percent of such children enrolled in kindergartens was achieved ahead of schedule. | | 学前教育进一步发展。实施第一期、第二期学前教育三年行动计划。2012-2015年，中央财政共安排学前教育发展专项资金621亿元，重点支持中西部农村地区加快构建县、乡、村学前教育服务网络，并对各地资助家庭经济困难幼儿、孤儿和残疾儿童入园进行奖补。2015年，全国共有幼儿园22.37万所，在园幼儿4264.83万人，学前三年毛入园率达75%，提前实现65%的计划预期目标。 |
| An equal right to education for relocated children of migrant workers has been safeguarded. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government appropriated 34.6 billion yuan cumulatively to enable nearly 90 percent of relocated children of migrant workers in cities to obtain government financial support. For children of those migrant workers who meet the conditions of the local governments receiving them, tuition fees for public schools in cities they migrate to and additional charges for transient schooling were abolished. In 2015, there were 13.671 million children eligible for compulsory education who had relocated with their migrant worker parents to cities. 80 percent of them studied at public schools. Various local governments also actively arranged for these children to study at inclusive non-government funded schools through service purchase and other means. By the end of 2015, 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had begun to make their college entrance exams open to the children of migrant workers from other regions. Altogether, nearly 80,000 children of migrant workers took the college entrance exams in cities they had migrated to. | | 进城务工人员随迁子女平等受教育权得到保障。2012-2015年，中央财政累计投入资金346亿元，近90%的进城务工人员随迁子女得到政府财政保障。对符合当地政府规定接收条件的进城务工人员随迁子女，在公办学校就读的，免除学杂费，不收借读费。2015年，全国义务教育阶段在校生中进城务工人员随迁子女为1367.10万人，80%在公办学校就读，各地还通过政府购买服务等形式积极安排进城务工人员随迁子女在普惠性民办学校就读。截至2015年年底，已有29个省（区、市）开始解决随迁子女在当地高考问题，共有近8万名符合条件的进城务工人员随迁子女在当地参加高考。 |
| The conditions for running schools in poverty-stricken regions have improved. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government appropriated 102 billion yuan cumulatively to support schools deficient in compulsory education. In November 2014, the government departments concerned jointly issued a circular on unifying the standards of staffing in urban and rural primary and secondary schools, which made the standards of staffing for primary and secondary schools in rural counties and townships accord with those of their counterparts in cities, with a preferential treatment given to remote and poor regions. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government invested 14.04 billion yuan in constructing 244,000 dormitory rooms for rural teachers, which could accommodate 300,000 teachers. Between 2013 and 2015, the central government (as well as Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) appropriated 4.392 billion yuan cumulatively for living subsidies for rural teachers in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, benefiting more than 1 million people. | | 贫困地区的办学条件得到改善。2012-2015年，中央财政累计投入资金1020亿元改造义务教育薄弱学校。2014年11月，有关部门联合印发《关于统一城乡中小学教职工编制标准的通知》，将县镇、农村中小学教职工编制标准统一到城市标准，并向农村边远贫困地区倾斜。2012-2015年，中央投资140.4亿元，建设边远艰苦地区农村学校教师周转宿舍24.4万套，可入住教师30万人。2013-2015年，中央财政累计投入资金43.92亿元（包括新疆生产建设兵团），支持连片特困地区对乡村教师发放生活补助，受益教师100多万人。 |
| The development of education in central and western regions has accelerated. The central government allocated 10 billion yuan to support the enhancement of basic capabilities for about 100 local colleges in 24 provinces and autonomous regions of central and western China (including the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps). Another 5.6 billion yuan was set aside to support the establishment of one local institution of higher learning in each of the 13 provinces and autonomous regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps where there was not a single college affiliated to the Ministry of Education. Efforts were made to implement a collaborative plan to pair-up support for college enrollment in central and western regions. In this way, regions with rich education resources shifted part of their enrollment quota to central and western regions where the enrollment rate was low, and also to densely populated provinces. Between 2012 and 2015, a total of 755,000 students were enrolled into colleges through quota reallocation under the collaborative plan. The provincial gap in college enrollment has narrowed year on year. | | 中西部地区教育快速发展。中央安排100亿元支持24个中西部省区（包括新疆生产建设兵团）100所左右地方高校基础能力建设。安排56亿元支持没有教育部所属高校的13个省（区）和新疆生产建设兵团各建设1所地方高水平大学。实施“对口支援中西部地区招生协作计划”，教育资源充裕的地区将部分招生指标投向中西部录取率较低地区和人口大省；2012-2015年，协作计划共落实招生指标75.5万人，高考录取率的省际差距逐年缩小。 |
| The education conditions in senior high schools and vocational schools have improved steadily. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government appropriated 12 billion yuan as subsidies for standard senior high schools in central and western China and 1,542 schools in contiguous areas of extreme poverty to improve the conditions for running schools, benefiting more than 6 million students at school. The central and local governments have jointly allocated funds to establish state grants for standard senior high schools, which averaged 1,500 yuan for each recipient annually and increased to 2,000 yuan at the start of the spring term in 2015. | | 高中和职业教育条件不断改善。2012-2015年，中央财政共安排中西部地区普通高中改善办学条件补助资金120亿元，支持中西部集中连片特困地区1542所学校改善办学条件，共惠及600多万名在校学生。中央与地方共同安排资金设立普通高中国家助学金，年生均1500元，自2015年春季学期起提高到2000元。 |
Between 2012 and 2013, the central government appropriated 1.4 billion yuan in special funds annually to support the building of 1,500 training bases for vocational education. During the 2012-2015 period, the National Development and Reform Commission arranged more than 17 billion yuan in special funds to support the enhancement of basic capabilities in 1,814 secondary vocational schools. The state also invested 2.3 billion yuan in carrying out a plan aimed at raising the quality of teachers in vocational colleges and schools. By the end of 2015, the state had arranged for more than 340,000 teachers in vocational colleges and schools to attend systematic training; succeeded in having 580 large and medium-sized enterprises participate in the training of teachers; and completed the construction of 300 sites providing specially-designed courses to train vocational teachers. Between 2012 and 2015, the central government appropriated 41.7 billion yuan as subsidies for the implementation of a tuition fee waiver program in secondary vocational schools, under which the tuition fees for all rural students, urban students who major in agriculture and those poverty-stricken students at full-time secondary vocational schools were abolished. State grant scholarships were also given to first and second-year students of full-time colleges majoring in agriculture and those not majoring in agriculture, but who come from poverty-stricken families. The annual subsidy for each recipient was 1,500 yuan in 2013, which was raised to 2,000 yuan in 2015, covering nearly 40 percent of the students.
．．．．．． | | 2012年和2013年，中央财政每年安排专项资金14亿元，支持建设1500个职业教育实训基地。2012-2015年，国家发展改革委共安排专项资金170多亿元，支持1814所中职学校基础能力建设。国家投入23亿元，深入实施“职业院校教师素质提高计划”。截至2015年年底，共组织34万多名职业院校教师参加系统化培训，推动580家大中型企业参与教师培训，完成300个职业教育师资培养培训优势特色专业点建设。2012-2015年，中央财政共下达中职免学费补助资金417亿元，免除中等职业学校全日制在校生中所有农村学生和城市涉农专业、家庭经济困难学生学费。对全日制一、二年级在校涉农专业学生和非涉农专业家庭经济困难学生发放国家助学金，2013年标准为每生每年1500元，2015年起提高到每生每年2000元，覆盖近40%的学生。
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