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Notice of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Issuing the Ninth Group of Guiding Cases of the Supreme People's Procuratorate [Effective]
最高人民检察院关于印发最高人民检察院第九批指导性案例的通知 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

Notice of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Issuing the Ninth Group of Guiding Cases of the Supreme People's Procuratorate 

最高人民检察院关于印发最高人民检察院第九批指导性案例的通知

The people's procuratorates of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Procuratorate of the People's Liberation Army; and the People's Procuratorate of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: 各省、自治区、直辖市人民检察院,解放军军事检察院,新疆生产建设兵团人民检察院:
Upon decision of the 70th session of the Twelfth Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on October 10, 2017, the case about Li Binglong's destroying a computer information system and other five guiding cases (Cases No. 33 to 38 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate) are hereby issued as the ninth group of guiding cases for reference in the trial of similar cases. 经2017年10月10日最高人民检察院第十二届检察委员会第七十次会议决定,现将李丙龙破坏计算机信息系统案等六件指导性案例(检例第33-38号)作为第九批指导性案例发布,供参照适用。
Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院
October 12, 2017 2017年10月12日
People v. Li Binglong for Destroying a Computer Information System 李丙龙破坏计算机信息系统案
(Case No. 33 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate) (检例第33号)
[Keywords] 【关键词】
Destroying a computer information system; domain name hijacking 破坏计算机信息系统 劫持域名
[Basic Facts] 【基本案情】
Defendant: Li Binglong, male, born in August 1991, an individual business. 被告人李丙龙,男,1991年8月生,个体工商户。
For the purpose of seeking illegal interests, defendant Li Binglong deliberated to hijack the Internet traffic for visiting the relevant gambling website by means of altering the direction of the domain name resolution of a large-size Internet website, so as to obtain the advertising traffic commission of the overseas gambling website. On October 20, 2014, Li Binglong passed himself off as an employee of a well-known website, defrauded the trust of the registration service provider of the website by means of forging the business license of the website company, and obtained the administration authority of domain name resolution services of this website. On October 21, through the account number he registered on the domain name resolution service platform and by making use of the relevant functions of the platform, Li Binglong automatically generated the DNS resolution list of some secondary sub-domain names of the well-known website, and altered the IP direction of the sub-domain names of the website, which made the website connect to the advertising release page of the gambling website he established by renting an overseas virtual server. Around 19:00 on the same day, the direction of the DNS of the website altered by Li Binglong took effect, which caused the abnormal operation of the website. Around 23:00, upon technical troubleshooting, this well-known website assumed normal operation. On November 25, Li Binglong was arrested by the public security authority. Until the case was exposed, Li Binglong earned no profit. 被告人李丙龙为牟取非法利益,预谋以修改大型互联网网站域名解析指向的方法,劫持互联网流量访问相关赌博网站,获取境外赌博网站广告推广流量提成。2014年10月20日,李丙龙冒充某知名网站工作人员,采取伪造该网站公司营业执照等方式,骗取该网站注册服务提供商信任,获取网站域名解析服务管理权限。10月21日,李丙龙通过其在域名解析服务网站平台注册的账号,利用该平台相关功能自动生成了该知名网站二级子域名部分DNS(域名系统)解析列表,修改该网站子域名的IP指向,使其连接至自己租用境外虚拟服务器建立的赌博网站广告发布页面。当日19时许,李丙龙对该网站域名解析服务器指向的修改生效,致使该网站不能正常运行。23时许,该知名网站经技术排查恢复了网站正常运行。11月25日,李丙龙被公安机关抓获。至案发时,李丙龙未及获利。
It was found upon judicial identification that this well-known website had a total of 5.59 million valid users, in which there were 360,000 valid users in the mailbox system. Calculated at the average daily visitor volume on computer clients, the average daily visitor volume in the mailbox system from October 7 to 20 reached 123,000. The act of Li Binglong caused the abnormal operation of the well-known website in its service functions for over four hours from 19:00 to 23:00 on October 21. On the day when the case was exposed, the visitor volume on computer clients only in the mailbox system decreased from 123,000 to 44,300. 经司法鉴定,该知名网站共有559万有效用户,其中邮箱系统有36万有效用户。按日均电脑客户端访问量计算,10月7日至10月20日邮箱系统日均访问量达12.3万。李丙龙的行为造成该知名网站10月21日19时至23时长达四小时左右无法正常发挥其服务功能,案发当日仅邮件系统电脑客户端访问量就从12.3万减少至4.43万。
[Proceedings and Litigation Result] 【诉讼过程和结果】
On April 9, 2015, the People's Procuratorate of Xuhui District, Shanghai Municipality instituted a public prosecution in the People's Court of Xuhui District, Shanghai Municipality on the ground that defendant Li Binglong committed the crime of destroying a computer information system. On November 4, the People's Court of Xuhui District rendered a judgment whereby it was determined that the act of Li Binglong constituted the crime of destroying a computer information system. In accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases about Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems, the act of Li Binglong fell under the circumstance of “malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing services for 50,000 users or more” and it caused “particularly serious consequence.” In light of the sentencing circumstances, Li Binglong was sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of five years. After the judgment of first instance was pronounced, Defendant Li Binglong appealed. The No.1 Intermediate People's Court of Shanghai Municipality made a final ruling and affirmed the original judgment. 本案由上海市徐汇区人民检察院于2015年4月9日以被告人李丙龙犯破坏计算机信息系统罪向上海市徐汇区人民法院提起公诉。11月4日,徐汇区人民法院作出判决,认定李丙龙的行为构成破坏计算机信息系统罪。根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理危害计算机信息系统安全刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》第四条规定,李丙龙的行为符合“造成为五万以上用户提供服务的计算机信息系统不能正常运行累计一小时以上”“后果特别严重”的情形。结合量刑情节,判处李丙龙有期徒刑五年。一审宣判后,被告人李丙龙提出上诉,经上海市第一中级人民法院终审裁定,维持原判。
[Key Point] 【要旨】
The domain name hijacking by altering the direction of the DNS, causing abnormal operation of a computer information system, is an act of destroying the computer information system. 以修改域名解析服务器指向的方式劫持域名,造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行,是破坏计算机信息系统的行为。
[Guiding Significance] 【指导意义】
The alteration of the DNS direction and the entry of the designated website or webpage by forcing users to deviate the destination website or webpage is a typical act of domain name hijacking. The actor uses malicious codes to alter the DNS of the destination website and the domain name of the destination website is maliciously resolved to another IP address, causing the abnormal operation of the website service functions. The aforesaid act is in essence alteration and interference of functions of a computer information system and conforms to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 286 of the Criminal Law on “deletion, alteration, addition, and interference in computer information systems.” In accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases about Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems, the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing services for 10,000 users or more is a “serious consequence” and the actor should be punished for the crime of destroying a computer information system; and the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing services for 50,000 users or more is a “particularly serious consequence.” 修改域名解析服务器指向,强制用户偏离目标网站或网页进入指定网站或网页,是典型的域名劫持行为。行为人使用恶意代码修改目标网站域名解析服务器,目标网站域名被恶意解析到其他IP地址,无法正常发挥网站服务功能,这种行为实质是对计算机信息系统功能的修改、干扰,符合刑法二百八十六条第一款“对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰”的规定。根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理危害计算机信息系统安全刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》第四条的规定,造成为一万以上用户提供服务的计算机信息系统不能正常运行累计一小时以上的,属于“后果严重”,应以破坏计算机信息系统罪论处;造成为五万以上用户提供服务的计算机信息系统不能正常运行累计一小时以上的,属于“后果特别严重”。
To determine the quantity of service users of the destroyed computer information system, an objective assessment may be made according to the functions and use characteristics of the computer information system and in light of such specific conditions as the quantities of registered users and browsing users of the website. 认定遭受破坏的计算机信息系统服务用户数,可以根据计算机信息系统的功能和使用特点,结合网站注册用户、浏览用户等具体情况,作出客观判断。
[Relevant Legal Provisions] 【相关法律规定】
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国刑法
Article 286 Whoever violates the state regulations and deletes, alters, adds, and interferes in computer information systems, causing abnormal operations of the systems and grave consequences shall be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence shall be a fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. 第二百八十六条 违反国家规定,对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰,造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行,后果严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases about Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems 《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理危害计算机信息系统安全刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释
Article 4 Under any of the following circumstances, whoever sabotages the functions of, data in, or application programs of computer information systems shall be deemed to have caused the “serious consequences” as prescribed in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 286 of the Criminal Law: 第四条 破坏计算机信息系统功能、数据或者应用程序,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为刑法二百八十六条第一款和第二款规定的“后果严重”:
 ……
(4) Causing the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing such basic services as domain name resolution, identity verification, or fee charging for the information systems of 100 or more computers or the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing services for 10,000 users or more; or (四)造成为一百台以上计算机信息系统提供域名解析、身份认证、计费等基础服务或者为一万以上用户提供服务的计算机信息系统不能正常运行累计一小时以上的;
 ……
Under any of the following circumstances, whoever commits an act of sabotaging computer information systems as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to have caused “particularly serious consequences”: 实施前款规定行为,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为破坏计算机信息系统“后果特别严重”:
 ……
(2) Causing the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing such basic services as domain name resolution, identity verification, or fee charging for the information systems of 500 or more computers or the malfunction for one hour or more cumulatively of the computer information system providing services for 50,000 users or more; (二)造成为五百台以上计算机信息系统提供域名解析、身份认证、计费等基础服务或者为五万以上用户提供服务的计算机信息系统不能正常运行累计一小时以上的;
 ……
People v. Li Junjie et al. for Destroying a Computer Information System 李骏杰等破坏计算机信息系统案
(Case No. 34 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate) (检例第34号)
[Keywords] 【关键词】
Destroying a computer information system; and deletion and alteration of shopping comments; evaluation system of a shopping website 破坏计算机信息系统 删改购物评价 购物网站评价系统
[Basic Facts] 【基本案情】
Defendant: Li Junjie, male, born in July 1985, former employee of a network company in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. 被告人李骏杰,男,1985年7月生,原系浙江杭州某网络公司员工。
Defendant: Hu Rong, male, born in January 1975, former police officer of the Public Security Bureau of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. 被告人胡榕,男,1975年1月生,原系江西省九江市公安局民警。
Defendant: Huang Fuquan, male, born in September 1987, worker. 被告人黄福权,男,1987年9月生,务工。
Defendant: Dong Wei, male, born in May 1983, jobless. 被告人董伟,男,1983年5月生,无业。
Defendant: Wang Fengzhao, female, born in November 1988, worker. 被告人王凤昭,女,1988年11月生,务工。
From May 2011 to December 2012, in the workplace or at home, defendant Li Junjie, individually or in collusion with others, contacted sellers on a shopping website with the needs of altering moderate and negative comments through chat software and purchased from defendant Huang Fuquan and others over 300 pieces of information on buyers on the shopping website making such moderate and negative comments. After falsely using the identity of a buyer and defrauding the review and approval of the Customer Services, Li Junjie reset the account number and password. Then, he logged in to the internal evaluation system of the shopping website, deleted and altered 347 moderate and negative comments, and obtained the illegal gains of over CNY90,000. 2011年5月至2012年12月,被告人李骏杰在工作单位及自己家中,单独或伙同他人通过聊天软件联系需要修改中差评的某购物网站卖家,并从被告人黄福权等处购买发表中差评的该购物网站买家信息300余条。李骏杰冒用买家身份,骗取客服审核通过后重置账号密码,登录该购物网站内部评价系统,删改买家的中差评347个,获利9万余元。
It was found upon investigation that by taking advantage of his position, defendant Hu Rong sold the personal information of citizens he obtained to defendants Huang Fuquan, Dong Wei, and Wang Fengzhao, separately. 经查:被告人胡榕利用职务之便,将获取的公民个人信息分别出售给被告人黄福权、董伟、王凤昭。
On December 11, 2012, defendant Li Junjie was arrested by the public security authority. Afterwards, defendants Hu Rong, Huang Fuquan, Dong Wei, and Wang Fengzhao were successively arrested by the public security authority since they were suspected of selling and illegally obtaining personal information of citizens. 2012年12月11日,被告人李骏杰被公安机关抓获归案。此后,因涉嫌出售公民个人信息、非法获取公民个人信息,被告人胡榕、黄福权、董伟、王凤昭等人也被公安机关先后抓获。
[Proceedings and Litigation Result] 【诉讼过程和结果】
On March 24, 2014, the People's Procuratorate of Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province instituted a public prosecution in the People's Court of Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province on the ground that defendant Li Junjie committed the crime of destroying a computer information system, defendant Hu Rong committed the crime of selling the personal information of citizens, and defendant Huang Fuquan and others committed the crime of illegally obtaining the personal information of citizens. On January 12, 2015, the People's Court of Binjiang District, Hangzhou City rendered a judgment whereby it was determined that the act of defendant Li Junjie constituted the crime of destroying a computer information system and he was sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of five years; the act of defendant Hu Rong constituted the crime of selling the personal information of citizens and he was sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of ten months and a fine of CNY20,000 was imposed; the act of defendants Huang Fuquan, Dong Wei, and Wang Fengzhao constituted the crime of illegally obtaining the personal information of citizens and they were separately sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment or a criminal detention, and a fine was imposed. After the judgment of first instance was pronounced, defendant Dong Wei appealed. The Intermediate People's Court of Hangzhou City rendered a ruling of second instance to affirm the original judgment and the judgment has come into force. 本案由浙江省杭州市滨江区人民检察院于2014年3月24日以被告人李骏杰犯破坏计算机信息系统罪、被告人胡榕犯出售公民个人信息罪、被告人黄福权等人犯非法获取公民个人信息罪,向浙江省杭州市滨江区人民法院提起公诉。2015年1月12日,杭州市滨江区人民法院作出判决,认定被告人李骏杰的行为构成破坏计算机信息系统罪,判处有期徒刑五年;被告人胡榕的行为构成出售公民个人信息罪,判处有期徒刑十个月,并处罚金人民币二万元;被告人黄福权、董伟、王凤昭的行为构成非法获取公民个人信息罪,分别判处有期徒刑、拘役,并处罚金。一审宣判后,被告人董伟提出上诉。杭州市中级人民法院二审裁定驳回上诉,维持原判。判决已生效。
[Key Point] 【要旨】
The deletion and alteration of shopping comments by entering the internal evaluation system of a shopping website with the false identity of a buyer are operations of altering data stored in the memory of the computer information system and they should be determined as acts of destroying a computer information system. 冒用购物网站买家身份进入网站内部评价系统删改购物评价,属于对计算机信息系统内存储数据进行修改操作,应当认定为破坏计算机信息系统的行为。
[Guiding Significance] 【指导意义】
The evaluation system of a shopping website is a system where a value is obtained by comprehensive calculation of such factors as the store sales volume and the buyers' comments. The internally stored data directly affects the fairness in the search traffic assignment, ranking of recommended commodities, registration qualification for marketing activities, and consumers' comparisons of the same category of commodities in the purchase. After a buyer buys a commodity, according to the user experience, he or she makes three types of comments on the commodity he or she buys, namely, positive comment, moderate comment, and negative comment. All comments are stored in the buyer evaluation system in the form of data and they are a significant component of all data of the computer information system of the shopping website. 购物网站评价系统是对店铺销量、买家评价等多方面因素进行综合计算分值的系统,其内部储存的数据直接影响到搜索流量分配、推荐排名、营销活动报名资格、同类商品在消费者购买比较时的公平性等。买家在购买商品后,根据用户体验对所购商品分别给出好评、中评、差评三种不同评价。所有的评价都是以数据形式存储于买家评价系统之中,成为整个购物网站计算机信息系统整体数据的重要组成部分。
The deletion and alteration of shopping comments by intruding into the evaluation system are operations of deletion and alteration of data stored in the computer information system in essence. The aforesaid acts endanger the operation of the data collection and traffic assignment system of the computer information system, which affects the registered merchants on the website and their commodities and services, results in the failure of normal operation of evaluation functions on commodities and services on the website, and infringes upon the information system security of the company owning the shopping website and consumers' right to know. The actors' deletion and alteration of moderate and negative comments on the shopping website and the obtainment of the illegal gains of not less than CNY25,000 constituted the crime of destroying a computer information system and fell under the circumstances of “particularly serious consequences” and the actors should be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years according to the law. 侵入评价系统删改购物评价,其实质是对计算机信息系统内存储的数据进行删除、修改操作的行为。这种行为危害到计算机信息系统数据采集和流量分配体系运行,使网站注册商户及其商品、服务的搜索受到影响,导致网站商品、服务评价功能无法正常运作,侵害了购物网站所属公司的信息系统安全和消费者的知情权。行为人因删除、修改某购物网站中差评数据违法所得25000元以上,构成破坏计算机信息系统罪,属于“后果特别严重”的情形,应当依法判处五年以上有期徒刑。
[Relevant Legal Provisions] 【相关法律规定】
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国刑法
Article 286 Whoever violates the state regulations and deletes, alters, adds, and interferes in computer information systems, causing abnormal operations of the systems and grave consequences shall be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the consequences are particularly serious, the sentence shall be a fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. 第二百八十六条 违反国家规定,对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰,造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行,后果严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;后果特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑。
Whoever violates the state regulations and deletes, alters, or adds the data or application programs installed in or processed and transmitted by the computer systems, and causes grave consequences shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. 违反国家规定,对计算机信息系统中存储、处理或者传输的数据和应用程序进行删除、修改、增加的操作,后果严重的,依照前款的规定处罚。
Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases about Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems 《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理危害计算机信息系统安全刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释
Article 4 Under any of the following circumstances, whoever sabotages the functions of, data in, or application programs of computer information systems shall be deemed to have caused the “serious consequences” as prescribed in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 286 of the Criminal Law: 第四条 破坏计算机信息系统功能、数据或者应用程序,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为刑法二百八十六条第一款和第二款规定的“后果严重”:
 ……
(3) Obtaining illegal gains of not less than CNY5,000 or causing economic losses of not less than CNY10,000; (三)违法所得五千元以上或者造成经济损失一万元以上的;
 ……
Under any of the following circumstances, whoever commits an act of sabotaging computer information systems as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to have caused “particularly serious consequences”:
......
 实施前款规定行为,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为破坏计算机信息系统“后果特别严重”:
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