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The ICC Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees [Revised]
见索即付保函统一规则 [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

 *注:本篇法规已被修订,新法规名称为:国际商会见索即付保函统一规则(URDG758)(2010年修订本)

The ICC Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees

 

见索即付保函统一规则

 (1992年版 国际商会第458号出版物)

A.SCOPE OF APPLICATION 

A.规则的范围及其适用

Article 1 These Rules apply to any demand guarantee and amendment thereto which a Guarantor (as hereinafter described)has been instructed to issue and which states that it is subject to the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees of the International Chamber of Commerce (publication No.458)and are binding on all parties thereto except as otherwise expressly stated in the Guarantee or any amendment thereto.   第一条 本规则适用于担保人接受指示而开立的,叙明遵守国际商会《见索即付保函统一规则》的任何见索即付保函及其修改,并对保函的各当事人有约束力,除非在保函或其任何修改中作其他规定。
 注释:
 1.本条对统一规则和适用条件作出了规定。凡适用本规则的保函应具备下述条件:
 (1)应是见索即付保函或其修改;
 (2)由担保人应委托人的指示而开立的;
 (3)应表明遵守本规则。
 2.见索即付保函主要用于国际经济交易,但本条未规定只能适用于国际经济交易,从而应理解为同样适用于国内交易。
 3.本条虽未表明也适用于反担保函,但从以后的条文中可以看出,不仅它对反担保函下了定义,又规定了开立反担保函者的责任,可以推定本规则也适用于反担保函。
B.DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 

B.定义和总则

Article 2   第二条
(a)For the purpose of these Rules,a demand guarantee .hereinafter referred to as“Guarantee”means any guarantee,bond or other payment undertaking,however named or described,by a bank,insurance company or other body or person (hereinafter called“the Guarantor”)given in writing for the payment of money on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a written demand for payment and such other document(s)(for example,a certificate by an architect or engineer,a judgment or an arbitral award)as may be specified in the Guarantee,such undertaking being given (a)就本规则而言,见索即付保函(以下称保函)意指凡由银行、保险公司,或其他组织或个人(以下称担保人)以书面开立的;对提示与保函条款相符的书面付款要求以及保函所规定的各种其他单据(例如,建筑师或工程师的证明,判决书或裁决书等)而付款的保函、担保书(Bond)或其他付款保证,而不论其名称如何。该项付款保证是开给第三者(以下称受益人),它
(i)at the request or on the instructions and under the liability of a party (hereinafter called“the principal”);or (i)应某一当事人(以下称“委托人”)的指示并由其承担责任而开立的。
(ii)at the request or on the instructions and under the liability of a bank,insurance company or any other body or person (hereinafter“the Instructing Party”)acting on the instructions of a principal to another party (hereinafter the “Beneficiary”). (ii)应某一银行、保险公司,或其他任何组织或个人(以下称“指示方”)因执行另一委托人的指示而作出要求或指示并由各该指示方承担责任而开立的。
 注释:
 1.每一保函必须具备下述内容:
 (1)以书面为主;
 (2)规定为给付货币者;
 (3)应为跟单性质,即以提示书面请求和符合保函中所规定的单据者,为付款的惟一条件;
 (4)应受另一人的要求而开立。
 2.凡具备上述四项条件,不管其名称如何,也不论其由何人开立,均可作为受本规则制约的保函。
 3.备用信用证在技术上也可属本规则范围之内,开立者如为方便起见,也可规定为适用《统一规则》。
 4.本规则所指的保函可涉及基础合约的各个阶段,即从投标保函开始,直至维修保函。即使无基础合约的交易(如关税保函)也可适用。在通知方式上,既适用于直接保函,也适用于间接保函。
 5.本规则下保函必须以付款为目的,保函中不能规定如委托人违约,由担保人来代替履行义务(这在传统保函中并不鲜见)。
 6.保函中规定担保人付款的惟一依据必须是单据,而不能是某一事实。因此,保函中如规定:“如委托人在上述合约中违约,我行将付以不超×××元的损失”,这不符合本规则的精神,因为它仅说明一项事实,而未说明凭什么单据,正确的规定应是“我行凭第一次提出的金额不超过保函所规定的最高金额的书面请求付款”。
 7.从上述定义中可以看到在直接保函下,应有三个当事人,即委托人、担保人、受益人,而在间接保函下有四个当事人,受益人、委托人、担保人、指示方(即反担保人)。通知行虽属当事人,但它除了核对签名的真实性外,无其他责任。
(b)Guarantees by their nature are separate transactions from the contract(s)or tender conditions on which they may be based,and Guarantors are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract(s),or tender conditions,despite the inclusion of a reference to them in the Guarantee.The duty of a Guarantor under a Guarantee is to pay the sum or sums therein stated on the presentation of a written demand for payment and other documents specified in the Guarantee which appear on their face to be in accordance with the terms of the Guarantee. (b)就本规则而言,保函与其可能依据的合约或投标条件在性质上是不同的交易,即使保函中包括对这类合约或投标条件的援引,担保人与这类合约或投标条件无关,也不受其约束,在保函下担保人的责任是凭提示的书面付款请求和在表面上与保函条款相符的保函中所规定的单据,给付保函中所规定的金额或各种金额。
 注释:
 本文规定了见索即付保函的基本原则,即保函的自主性(autonomy)。在第一段的规定中,不仅在精神上而且在文字上亦与“UCP400”基本相同,都是说明保函或信用证可能依据基础合约而开出,但一经开立就与基础合约无关,担保人既无义务也无权利检查基础合约当事人执行合约的情况。例如,投标人按照标书规定要求甲开立一份以招标人为受益人的投标保函,保函规定凭受益人的书面请求和声明委托人违约的陈述书付款。招标人不久以书面要求付款,但委托人抗辩,招标人已将标书授予另一另外投标人,保函应视作无效。但由于受益人提示的单据符合保函规定,担保人无调查是否违约的义务。担保人只能付款。所以就这一点而言,委托人和担保人开立见索即付保函的风险是很大的。
 毫无疑问,在保函情况下发生欺诈行为比跟单信用证下更为方便、更为常见,因为它对单据的要求是十分简单的。在本规则的条文中对欺诈行为并无具体规定。但在本规则的序言中明确声明本规则“并不影响国家法律有关欺诈、滥用权力和对保函不公平索偿的原则和规定”,换言之,本规则不能成为欺诈行为的保护伞,因此保函的独立性是相对的。几乎所有国家的法律都规定,如果对受益人的欺诈行为有确凿的证据,无权取得保函下的索偿。在上例中,如委托人能提出受益人欺诈的证据,当能得到本国法律的保护。这也是为什么在本条例的第二十条中规定受益人在索偿时必须作出委托人违约和在哪一方面违约的声明,在第二十七条中又规定保函下的纠纷由担保人所在地的法院和按当地法律审理。这在某种程度上为委托人和担保人提供了一定的保护。
(c)For the purpose of these Rules,“Counter—Guarantee” means any guarantee,bond or other payment undertaking of the Instructing Party,however named or described,given in writing for the payment of money to the Guarantor on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a written demand for payment and other documents specified in the Counter—Guarantee which appear on their face to be in accordance with the terms of the Counter—Guarantee.Counter—Guarantees are by their nature separate trans actions from the Guarantees to which they relate and from any underlying contract(s)or tender conditions,and Instructing Parties are in no way concerned with or bound by such Guarantees,contract(s)or tender conditions,despite the inclusion of a reference to them in the Counter—Guarantee. (c)就本规则而言,反担保函意指由指示方(反担保人)以书面开立的,对提示与反担保函条款相符的书面付款要求以及在表面上与反担保函条款相符的所规定的单据而付款与担保人的任何保函、保证书或其他付款保证,而不管其名称如何。反担保函和与之有关的保函,与任何基础合约或投标条件在性质上是不同的交易,即使反担保函对这类合约有所援引,指示方与之无关,亦不受它们的约束。
 注释:
 1.反担保函的定义与上述保函的定义基本相同,所不同者,保函由担保人出立,反担保函由指示方出立。
 2.反担保函具有双重独立性。它一方面独立于委托人与受益人间的基础合约,另一方面又独立于保函。因此,只要担保人向指示方提示的书面要求符合反担保函的规定,指示方必须付款,纵然向担保人提出的付款要求并不恰当或根据不足,正由于反担保函独立于保函,所以适用于反担保函的法律和受理的法院不同于保函。
(d)The expressions“writing” and“written” shall include an authenticated teletransmission or tested electronic data interchange (“EDI”)message equivalent thereto. (d)“书面”和“以书面为之”等词语应包括与之相当的经证实的电讯或有密押的电子数据等。
 注释:
 1.“书面”应包括电讯方式传递的信息。它可以包括电报、电传、传真、电子邮件。但它应符合两个条件:
 (1)形成文字;
 (2)可以证实。因此,担保人或指示方可对电话中的付款请求予以拒绝,除非电话能形成文字记载。同样,担保人或指示方对无法证实的传真指示也可予以拒绝,除非另有经证实的指示予以确认。
 2.本条虽未提到传统的书面文件,如信函或票据等,显然亦包括在内。
Article 3 All instructions for the issue of Guarantees and amendments thereto and Guarantees and amendments themselves should be clear and precise and should avoid excessive detail.Accordingly,all Guarantees should stipulate:(a)the Principal;(b)the Beneficiary;(c)the Guarantor;(d)the underlying transaction requiring the issue of the Guarantee;(e)the maximum amount payable and the currency in which it is payable;(f)the Expiry Date and/or Expiry Event of the Guarantee;(g)the terms for demanding payment;(h)any provision for reduction of the guarantee amount.   第三条 所有要求开立保函或修改的指示,以及保函和修改本身,必须清楚和明确,避免过多的细节,因此所有保函应规定:(a)委托人;(b)受益人;(c)担保人;(d)要求开立保函的基础合约;(e)可付的最高金额及货币名称;(f)保函的到期日和/或到期事件(expiryevent);(g)要求付款的条件;(h)减额条款。
 注释:
 1.本条的规定基本上与“400”第五条相同,只有后半部分的八点内容为“400”所无。
 2.本条的规定为指导性的而非强制性的。并非所有保函必须包括上述内容,但为避免可能发生的不确定性,应当包括上述内容。
 3.与跟单信用证不同,保函一般应表明属于哪一份合约及合约号码。值得注意的是保函上表明合约并不影响保函的独立性。
 4.保函金额也不同于信用证金额的规定,信用证金额既可以是最高金额也可以是一个特定的金额。而在保函下,因为担保人承担付款责任的大小取决于委托人违约的程度,这是无法预知的,所以保函的金额一般为最高××元或不超过××元。
 5.保函的到期日除可规定为某一日历日外,还可规定某一事件的发生日作为保函的日期,但这一事件的发生也需要有单据证明。例如,保函规定委托人履行有关合约义务后,保函即为到期。在这种情况下,保函必须同时规定由谁出具的履约证明书。保函也可以既规定日历日为到期日,同时又规定到期事件的发生日,以发生在先者为准。
 6.减额条款,在承包保函中,减额条款是常见的,即建筑工程到某一阶段即可自动减额,保函中同时也应规定凭以减额的单据。
Article 4 The Beneficiary's fight to make a demand under a Guarantee is not assignable unless expressly stated in the Guarantee or in an amendment thereto.This Article shall not,however,affect the Beneficiary's fight to assign any proceeds to which he may be,or may become,entitled under the Guarantee.   第四条 除非保函和其修改中有明确规定,受益人凭保函索款的权利不得让渡。
 然而本条并不影响受益人将其在保函下有权或将有权取得之款项进行让渡。
 注释:
 本条的规定与“400”第五十四条和第五十五条的规定相同。
 权利让渡和款项让渡是完全不同的。前者是受让人能以自己的名义制单向担保人索偿;而后者是受益人通知担保人将其应获得的款项转让给某一第三者。
 保函中虽也可以加列“可转让”条款,但这样做委托人和担保人将承担更大的风险。因为保函不像跟单信用证那样,受益人在提出付款请求时须提示信用证所规定的装运单据,虽然装运单据也可伪造,但难度很大,而保函中靠简单的索偿条款,仅须受益人出具的委托人违约声明,这种声明的签署仅是一举手之劳,因此保函中不宜加列可转让条款。
Article 5 All Guarantees and Counter—Guarantees are irrevocable unless otherwise indicated.   第五条 除非另有表明,所有保函和反担保函均为不可撤销的。
 注释:
 1.本条规定与“400”相反,而与“500”的规定一致,也与一般银行惯例相同。当然保函也可规定为可撤销的,或规定为某一日期以前或提交某一单据以前为可撤销的。
 2.本条虽未规定保函的不可撤销性从何时开始,一般认为保函一经发出,担保人即不能撤销。问题是,如果保函是以航邮开出的,经由担保人在受益人所在地的代理行通知,在保函寄出后,担保人是否能以电传通知其代理行撤销该保函?应该认为,如果代理行未收到保函或虽已收到但尚未通知受益人应该是可以撤销的。
Article 6 A Guarantee enters into effect as from the date of its issue unless its terms expressly provide that such entry into effect is to be at a later date or is to be subject to conditions specified in the Guarantee and determinable by the Guarantor on the basis of any documents therein specified.
......
   第六条 保函从开立之日生效,除非有条款明确规定在其后的某一日或担保人凭保函中所规定的单据能决定的条件后生效。
......

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