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| Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening Major Environmental Protection Work | | 国务院关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见 |
(No. 35 [2011] of the State Council) | |
（国发〔2011〕35号） |
The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; all ministries and commissions of the State Council and all institutions directly under the State Council: | |
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构： |
Throughout the years, China has actively implemented the sustainable development strategy, placed environmental protection in an important strategic position, constantly intensified efforts to solve environmental problems, and made remarkable achievements. However, we still face serious challenges with regards to environmental protection for reasons such as unreasonable industrial structure and distribution, a low level of pollution prevention and control and an incomplete environmental supervision system. To profoundly carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development, accelerate the promotion of the transformation of economic development mode, and strengthen the development of ecological civilization, we hereby put forward the following opinions on strengthening major environmental protection work: | |
多年来，我国积极实施可持续发展战略，将环境保护放在重要的战略位置，不断加大解决环境问题的力度，取得了明显成效。但由于产业结构和布局仍不尽合理，污染防治水平仍然较低，环境监管制度尚不完善等原因，环境保护形势依然十分严峻。为深入贯彻落实科学发展观，加快推动经济发展方式转变，提高生态文明建设水平，现就加强环境保护重点工作提出如下意见： |
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| I. Comprehensively enhancing environmental protection supervision and administration | | 一、全面提高环境保护监督管理水平 |
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| 1. We shall strictly carry out the environmental impact assessment (EIA) system. For major drainage basin or regional development plans, industrial development plans and construction projects which shall be subject to EIA according to law, we shall strictly perform the EIA procedures and use the control indicators of total discharge volume of major pollutants as a precondition for the EIA approval of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects. The EIA process shall be open and transparent, and the opinions of the general public shall be fully solicited. We shall build a sound mechanism for the interaction of environmental impact assessment for plans and environmental impact assessment for construction projects. For illegal acts such as construction without approval of environmental impact assessment documents, unauthorized major modifications in the construction process and production without acceptance check of environmental protection issues, the relevant administrative departments, enterprises and personnel shall be held liable according to law. | | （一）严格执行环境影响评价制度。凡依法应当进行环境影响评价的重点流域、区域开发和行业发展规划以及建设项目，必须严格履行环境影响评价程序，并把主要污染物排放总量控制指标作为新改扩建项目环境影响评价审批的前置条件。环境影响评价过程要公开透明，充分征求社会公众意见。建立健全规划环境影响评价和建设项目环境影响评价的联动机制。对环境影响评价文件未经批准即擅自开工建设、建设过程中擅自作出重大变更、未经环境保护验收即擅自投产等违法行为，要依法追究管理部门、相关企业和人员的责任。 |
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| 2. We shall continue strengthening the reduction of total emissions of major pollutants. We shall improve the statistical, monitoring and assessment system for emission reduction, and encourage total emission control of specific pollutants. We shall control chemical oxygen demands and total ammonia nitrogen emissions in the papermaking, printing and dyeing, and chemical industries. We shall strengthen the construction of sewage treatment facilities, sludge treatment and disposal facilities, sewage recycling facilities and refuse percolate treatment facilities. We shall upgrade current sewage treatment plants, improve urban sewage collection pipelines, and promote rain and dirty water separation reconstruction. We shall reinforce supervision over the operation of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities. We shall control total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the electrical power industry, continue strengthening desulfuration of coal-fired power plants, extensively promote denitration of coal-fired power plants, and build desulfuration and denitration facilities for new coal-fired power plants concurrently. We shall control the total emissions of sulfur dioxide in the steel industry, and strengthen the treatment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the cement, petrochemical and coal chemical industries. We shall carry out pilot control of total coal consumption in major regions under joint prevention and control of atmospheric pollution. We shall carry out the treatment of nitrogen oxide in tail gas of motor vehicles and vessels. We shall raise the environmental access and emission standards in major industries. We shall promote emission reduction in agriculture and rural areas, and focus on preventing and controlling pollution in large breeding farms of livestock and poultry. | | （二）继续加强主要污染物总量减排。完善减排统计、监测和考核体系，鼓励各地区实施特征污染物排放总量控制。对造纸、印染和化工行业实行化学需氧量和氨氮排放总量控制。加强污水处理设施、污泥处理处置设施、污水再生利用设施和垃圾渗滤液处理设施建设。对现有污水处理厂进行升级改造。完善城镇污水收集管网，推进雨、污分流改造。强化城镇污水、垃圾处理设施运行监管。对电力行业实行二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放总量控制，继续加强燃煤电厂脱硫，全面推行燃煤电厂脱硝，新建燃煤机组应同步建设脱硫脱硝设施。对钢铁行业实行二氧化硫排放总量控制，强化水泥、石化、煤化工等行业二氧化硫和氮氧化物治理。在大气污染联防联控重点区域开展煤炭消费总量控制试点。开展机动车船尾气氮氧化物治理。提高重点行业环境准入和排放标准。促进农业和农村污染减排，着力抓好规模化畜禽养殖污染防治。 |
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| 3. We shall strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision. We shall push forward the formulation and amendment of relevant laws and regulations, and provide more complete and effective legal safeguards for environmental protection. We shall improve law enforcement procedures, regulate law enforcement acts and establish a law enforcement accountability system. We shall strengthen routine supervision and law enforcement inspection on environmental protection. We shall continue carrying out the special environmental protection campaign of “punishing enterprises illegally discharging pollutants to protect people's health,” and conduct follow-up inspection on implementation of environmental laws and regulations and rectification of environmental issues. We shall establish a full-process environment supervision system for construction projects and a rural and ecological supervision system. We shall improve the cooperation mechanism for environmental law enforcement across administrative regions and the departmental joint law enforcement mechanism. We shall deal with environmental pollution and ecological damage incidents according to law. We shall put approval limitations on certain drainage basins, regions and industries, supervise relevant processes and implement other supervision rules. We shall arrange discussions with the leaders of local governments which fail to accomplish environmental protection objectives and tasks or are responsible for major or especially serious environmental emergencies so as to take effective rectification measures. We shall promote the producer liability extension system. We shall further develop the environment supervisor system of enterprises, and conduct qualification management. We shall establish a sound environmental protection tip-off system, and extensively implement the open government information system to strengthen public supervision on environmental protection. | | （三）强化环境执法监管。抓紧推动制定和修订相关法律法规，为环境保护提供更加完备、有效的法制保障。健全执法程序，规范执法行为，建立执法责任制。加强环境保护日常监管和执法检查。继续开展整治违法排污企业保障群众健康环保专项行动，对环境法律法规执行和环境问题整改情况进行后督察。建立建设项目全过程环境监管制度以及农村和生态环境监察制度。完善跨行政区域环境执法合作机制和部门联动执法机制。依法处置环境污染和生态破坏事件。执行流域、区域、行业限批和挂牌督办等督查制度。对未完成环保目标任务或发生重特大突发环境事件负有责任的地方政府领导进行约谈，落实整改措施。推行生产者责任延伸制度。深化企业环境监督员制度，实行资格化管理。建立健全环境保护举报制度，广泛实行信息公开，加强环境保护的社会监督。 |
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| 4. We shall effectively prevent environmental risks and appropriately handle environmental emergencies. We shall improve environmental risk management rules focusing on prevention, conduct classification, dynamic and full-process management of environmental emergencies, and scientifically and appropriately handle environmental emergencies according to law. We shall build a more effective environmental risk management and emergency rescue system, and improve our capabilities of monitoring and handling environmental emergencies. We shall prepare effective and feasible environmental emergency response plans, provide necessary emergency rescue materials and equipment, strengthen the building of teams for environmental emergency response management, technical support and rescue, and organize training and rehearsals on a regular basis. We shall carry out environment and health investigation and research on major drainage basins and regions. We shall effectively respond to pollution emergencies, release accurate information in a timely manner, and reduce life and property loss of people and damage to environment. We shall improve the accountability system, reinforce enterprises' role as the main body responsible for environmental safety, and strengthen local governments' regulatory responsibilities for environmental safety. | | （四）有效防范环境风险和妥善处置突发环境事件。完善以预防为主的环境风险管理制度，实行环境应急分级、动态和全过程管理，依法科学妥善处置突发环境事件。建设更加高效的环境风险管理和应急救援体系，提高环境应急监测处置能力。制定切实可行的环境应急预案，配备必要的应急救援物资和装备，加强环境应急管理、技术支撑和处置救援队伍建设，定期组织培训和演练。开展重点流域、区域环境与健康调查研究。全力做好污染事件应急处置工作，及时准确发布信息，减少人民群众生命财产损失和生态环境损害。健全责任追究制度，严格落实企业环境安全主体责任，强化地方政府环境安全监管责任。 |
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| II. Focusing on solving prominent environmental issues that affect scientific development and impair people's health | | 二、着力解决影响科学发展和损害群众健康的突出环境问题 |
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5. We shall effectively strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. We shall make intensive treatment in regions, industries and enterprises with heavy metal pollution subject to key prevention and control. We shall reasonably adjust the distribution of heavy metal-related enterprises, strictly enforce the health protection distance requirements, and prohibit new construction, reconstruction or expansion projects that may increase the total discharge volume of heavy metal pollutants in regions subject to key prevention and control. We shall strengthen environmental supervision over heavy metal-related enterprises to ensure that their pollution discharge meets relevant standards. We shall impose stricter punishment on enterprises causing heavy metal pollution, order them to make rectification within a prescribed time limit, and legally shut down those failing to meet relevant requirements even after rectification. We shall standardize recycling and treatment of waste and discarded electrical and electronic products, and build a waste and discarded article recycling system and intensive processing and treatment parks. We shall actively and appropriately solve longstanding heavy metal pollution problems.
．．．．．． | | （五）切实加强重金属污染防治。对重点防控的重金属污染地区、行业和企业进行集中治理。合理调整涉重金属企业布局，严格落实卫生防护距离，坚决禁止在重点防控区域新改扩建增加重金属污染物排放总量的项目。加强重金属相关企业的环境监管，确保达标排放。对造成污染的重金属污染企业，加大处罚力度，采取限期整治措施，仍然达不到要求的，依法关停取缔。规范废弃电器电子产品的回收处理活动，建设废旧物品回收体系和集中加工处理园区。积极妥善处理重金属污染历史遗留问题。
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