Fighting COVID-19: China in Action | | 《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书 |
| China's State Council Information Office on June 7 published a white paper titled "Fighting COVID-19: China in Action." | | 国务院新闻办公室6月7日发布《抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动》白皮书。全文如下： |
| Fighting COVID-19: China in Action | | 抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动 |
| (June 2020) | | （2020年6月） |
| The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 |
| Contents | | 目录 |
| Foreword | | 前言 |
| I. China's Fight against the Epidemic: A Test of Fire | | 一、中国抗击疫情的艰辛历程 |
| Stage I: Swift Response to the Public Health Emergency (December 27, 2019-January 19, 2020) | | （一）第一阶段：迅即应对突发疫情 |
| Stage II: Initial Progress in Containing the Virus (January 20-February 20, 2020) | | （二）第二阶段：初步遏制疫情蔓延势头 |
| Stage III: Newly Confirmed Domestic Cases on the Chinese Mainland Drop to Single Digits (February 21-March 17, 2020) | | （三）第三阶段：本土新增病例数逐步下降至个位数 |
| Stage IV: Wuhan and Hubei – An Initial Victory in a Critical Battle (March 18-April 28, 2020) | | （四）第四阶段：取得武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战决定性成果 |
| Stage V: Ongoing Prevention and Control (Since April 29, 2020) | | （五）第五阶段：全国疫情防控进入常态化 |
| II. Well-Coordinated Prevention, Control and Treatment | | 二、防控和救治两个战场协同作战 |
| 1. Centralized and Efficient Command | | （一）建立统一高效的指挥体系 |
| 2. A Tight Prevention and Control System Involving All Sectors of Society | | （二）构建全民参与严密防控体系 |
| 3. An All-Out Effort to Treat Patients and Save Lives | | （三）全力救治患者、拯救生命 |
| 4. China Has Released Information in an Open and Transparent Manner as Required by Law | | （四）依法及时公开透明发布疫情信息 |
| 5. Science and Technology Underpin China's Efforts | | （五）充分发挥科技支撑作用 |
| III. Assembling a Powerful Force to Beat the Virus | | 三、凝聚抗击疫情的强大力量 |
| 1. Lives Are Precious | | （一）人的生命高于一切 |
| 2. Mobilizing the Whole Country to Fight the Epidemic | | （二）举全国之力抗击疫情 |
| 3. Coordinating Prevention and Control with Social and Economic Development | | （三）平衡疫情防控与经济社会民生 |
| 4. Uniting as One – China's Billion People | | （四）14亿中国人民坚韧奉献守望相助 |
| IV. Building a Global Community of Health for All | | 四、共同构建人类卫生健康共同体 |
| 1. China Appreciates Support from the International Community | | （一）中国感谢和铭记国际社会宝贵支持和帮助 |
| 2. China Conducts Active International Exchanges and Cooperation | | （二）中国积极开展国际交流合作 |
| 3. International Solidarity and Cooperation in Fighting the Pandemic | | （三）国际社会团结合作共同抗疫 |
| Afterword | | 结束语 |
| |
|
| Foreword | | 前言 |
| The Covid-19 global pandemic is the most extensive to afflict humanity in a century. A serious crisis for the entire world, and a daunting challenge, it poses a grave threat to human life and health. | | 新型冠状病毒肺炎是近百年来人类遭遇的影响范围最广的全球性大流行病，对全世界是一次严重危机和严峻考验。人类生命安全和健康面临重大威胁。 |
| This is a war that humanity has to fight and win. Facing this unknown, unexpected, and devastating disease, China launched a resolute battle to prevent and control its spread. Making people's lives and health its first priority, China adopted extensive, stringent, and thorough containment measures, and has for now succeeded in cutting all channels for the transmission of the virus. 1.4 billion Chinese people have exhibited enormous tenacity and solidarity in erecting a defensive rampart that demonstrates their power in the face of such natural disasters. | | 这是一场全人类与病毒的战争。面对前所未知、突如其来、来势汹汹的疫情天灾，中国果断打响疫情防控阻击战。中国把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，以坚定果敢的勇气和决心，采取最全面最严格最彻底的防控措施，有效阻断病毒传播链条。14亿中国人民坚韧奉献、团结协作，构筑起同心战疫的坚固防线，彰显了人民的伟大力量。 |
| Having forged the idea that the world is a global community of shared future, and believing that it must act as a responsible member, China has fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the world. In an open, transparent, and responsible manner and in accordance with the law, China gave timely notification to the international community of the onset of a new coronavirus, and shared without reserve its experience in containing the spread of the virus and treating the infected. China has great empathy with victims all over the world, and has done all it can to provide humanitarian aid in support of the international community's endeavors to stem the pandemic. | | 中国始终秉持人类命运共同体理念，肩负大国担当，同其他国家并肩作战、共克时艰。中国本着依法、公开、透明、负责任态度，第一时间向国际社会通报疫情信息，毫无保留同各方分享防控和救治经验。中国对疫情给各国人民带来的苦难感同身受，尽己所能向国际社会提供人道主义援助，支持全球抗击疫情。 |
| The virus is currently wreaking havoc throughout the world. China grieves for those who have been killed and those who have sacrificed their lives in the fight, extends the greatest respect to those who are struggling to save lives, and offers true moral support to those who are infected and receiving treatment. China firmly believes that as long as all countries unite and cooperate to mount a collective response, the international community will succeed in overcoming the pandemic, and will emerge from this dark moment in human history into a brighter future. | | 当前，疫情在全球持续蔓延。中国为被病毒夺去生命和在抗击疫情中牺牲的人们深感痛惜，向争分夺秒抢救生命、遏制疫情的人们深表敬意，向不幸感染病毒、正在进行治疗的人们表达祝愿。中国坚信，国际社会同舟共济、守望相助，就一定能够战胜疫情，走出人类历史上这段艰难时刻，迎来人类发展更加美好的明天。 |
| To keep a record of China's efforts in its own fight against the virus, to share its experience with the rest of the world, and to clarify its ideas on the global battle, the Chinese government now releases this white paper. | | 为记录中国人民抗击疫情的伟大历程，与国际社会分享中国抗疫的经验做法，阐明全球抗疫的中国理念、中国主张，中国政府特发布此白皮书。 |
| I. China's Fight against the Epidemic: A Test of Fire | | 一、中国抗击疫情的艰辛历程 |
| The Covid-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency. The virus has spread faster and wider than any other since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, and has proven to be the most difficult to contain. It is both a crisis and a major test for China. The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government have addressed the epidemic as a top priority, and taken swift action. General Secretary Xi Jinping has taken personal command, planned the response, overseen the general situation and acted decisively, pointing the way forward in the fight against the epidemic. This has bolstered the Chinese people's confidence and rallied their strength. Under the leadership of the CPC, the whole nation has followed the general principle of “remaining confident, coming together in solidarity, adopting a science-based approach, and taking targeted measures”, and waged an all-out people's war on the virus. Through painstaking efforts and tremendous sacrifice, and having paid a heavy price, China has succeeded in turning the situation around. In little more than a single month, the rising spread of the virus was contained; in around two months, the daily increase in domestic coronavirus cases had fallen to single digits; and in approximately three months, a decisive victory was secured in the battle to defend Hubei Province and its capital city of Wuhan. With these strategic achievements, China has protected its people's lives, safety and health, and made a significant contribution to safeguarding regional and global public health. | | 新冠肺炎疫情是新中国成立以来发生的传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的一次重大突发公共卫生事件，对中国是一次危机，也是一次大考。中国共产党和中国政府高度重视、迅速行动，习近平总书记亲自指挥、亲自部署，统揽全局、果断决策，为中国人民抗击疫情坚定了信心、凝聚了力量、指明了方向。在中国共产党领导下，全国上下贯彻“坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策”总要求，打响抗击疫情的人民战争、总体战、阻击战。经过艰苦卓绝的努力，中国付出巨大代价和牺牲，有力扭转了疫情局势，用一个多月的时间初步遏制了疫情蔓延势头，用两个月左右的时间将本土每日新增病例控制在个位数以内，用3个月左右的时间取得了武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战的决定性成果，疫情防控阻击战取得重大战略成果，维护了人民生命安全和身体健康，为维护地区和世界公共卫生安全作出了重要贡献。 |
| As of 24:00 of May 31, 2020, a cumulative total of 83,017 confirmed cases had been reported on the Chinese mainland, 78,307 infected had been cured and discharged from hospital, and 4,634 people had died. This demonstrates a cure rate of 94.3 percent and a fatality rate of 5.6 percent (see charts 1, 2, 3 and 4). China's fight against the epidemic can be divided into five stages. | | 截至2020年5月31日24时，31个省、自治区、直辖市和新疆生产建设兵团累计报告确诊病例83017例，累计治愈出院病例78307例，累计死亡病例4634例，治愈率94.3%，病亡率5.6%（见图1、2、3、4）。回顾前一阶段中国抗疫历程，大体分为五个阶段。 |
Chart 1. Daily Figure for Newly Confirmed Cases on the Chinese Mainland
Note: On February 12, newly confirmed cases reached 15,152 (including 13,332 cumulative clinically diagnosed cases in Hubei). | |  |
 Chart 2. Daily Figure for New Fatalities on the Chinese Mainland | |  |
 Chart 3. Cumulative Total of Outstanding Cases on the Chinese Mainland | |  |
 Chart 4. Daily Figure for Cured Cases on the Chinese Mainland | |  |
| Stage I: Swift Response to the Public Health Emergency | | （一）第一阶段：迅即应对突发疫情 |
| (December 27, 2019-January 19, 2020) | | （2019年12月27日至2020年1月19日） |
| As soon as cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China acted immediately to conduct etiological and epidemiological investigations and to stop the spread of the disease, and promptly reported the situation. In a timely manner, China informed the WHO and other countries, including the US, of the developing situation, and released the genome sequence of the novel coronavirus. After community spread and clusters of cases emerged in Wuhan, and confirmed cases were reported in other Chinese regions, which were due to virus carriers traveling from the city, a nationwide program of epidemic prevention and control was launched. | | 湖北省武汉市监测发现不明原因肺炎病例，中国第一时间报告疫情，迅速采取行动，开展病因学和流行病学调查，阻断疫情蔓延。及时主动向世界卫生组织以及美国等国家通报疫情信息，向世界公布新型冠状病毒基因组序列。武汉地区出现局部社区传播和聚集性病例，其他地区开始出现武汉关联确诊病例，中国全面展开疫情防控。 |
| (1) December 27, 2019: Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause to the Wuhan Jianghan Center for Disease Prevention and Control. The Wuhan city government arranged for experts to look into these cases through an analysis of the patients' condition and clinical outcome, the findings of epidemiological investigations, and preliminary laboratory testing results. The conclusion was that they were cases of a viral pneumonia. | | （1）2019年12月27日，湖北省中西医结合医院向武汉市江汉区疾控中心报告不明原因肺炎病例。武汉市组织专家从病情、治疗转归、流行病学调查、实验室初步检测等方面情况分析，认为上述病例系病毒性肺炎。 |
| (2) December 30: The Wuhan City Health Commission (WCHC)issued Urgent Notice on Treatment of Patients with Pneumonia of Unknown Cause. Upon learning of developments, the National Health Commission (NHC) acted immediately to organize research into the disease. | | （2）12月30日，武汉市卫生健康委向辖区医疗机构发布《关于做好不明原因肺炎救治工作的紧急通知》。国家卫生健康委获悉有关信息后立即组织研究，迅速开展行动。 |
| (3) December 31: The NHC made arrangements in the small hours to send a working group and an expert team to Wuhan to guide its response to the situation and conduct on-site investigations. The WCHC website carried its Information Circular on the Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, confirming 27 cases and urging the public to stay away from enclosed public places with poor ventilation and venues where large crowds gathered. The commission also suggested the use of face masks when going out. From that day on, the WCHC began to release updates on the disease in accordance with the law. | | （3）12月31日凌晨，国家卫生健康委作出安排部署，派出工作组、专家组赶赴武汉市，指导做好疫情处置工作，开展现场调查。武汉市卫生健康委在官方网站发布《关于当前我市肺炎疫情的情况通报》，发现27例病例，提示公众尽量避免到封闭、空气不流通的公众场合和人多集中地方，外出可佩戴口罩。当日起，武汉市卫生健康委依法发布疫情信息。 |
| (4) January 1, 2020: The NHC set up a leading group on the disease response. The next day, it formulated Guidelines on Early Detection, Early Diagnosis and Early Quarantine for Prevention and Control of Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) received the first batch of samples of four cases discovered in Hubei and began the pathogen identification process. | | （4）2020年1月1日，国家卫生健康委成立疫情应对处置领导小组。1月2日，国家卫生健康委制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎防控“三早”方案》；中国疾控中心、中国医学科学院收到湖北省送检的第一批4例病例标本，即开展病原鉴定。 |
| (5) January 3: The WCHC issued Information Circular on Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause, reporting a total of 44 cases. Under the direction of the NHC, China CDC and three other institutions carried out parallel laboratory testing of the samples to identify the pathogen. The NHC and the Health Commission of Hubei Province jointly formulated nine documents, including Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause (for Trial Implementation). From that day on, on a regular basis, China began to update the WHO, relevant countries, and regional organizations, as well as its own regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, on the development of the disease. | | （5）1月3日，武汉市卫生健康委在官方网站发布《关于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情况通报》，共发现44例不明原因的病毒性肺炎病例。国家卫生健康委组织中国疾控中心等4家科研单位对病例样本进行实验室平行检测，进一步开展病原鉴定。国家卫生健康委会同湖北省卫生健康委制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎诊疗方案（试行）》等9个文件。当日起，中国有关方面定期向世界卫生组织、有关国家和地区组织以及中国港澳台地区及时主动通报疫情信息。 |
| (6) January 4: The head of China CDC held a telephone conversation with the director of the US CDC, briefing him about the new pneumonia. The two sides agreed to keep in close contact on information sharing and cooperation on technical matters. The NHC and related health departments in Hubei Province produced Treatment Manual for Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause. | | （6）1月4日，中国疾控中心负责人与美国疾控中心负责人通电话，介绍疫情有关情况，双方同意就信息沟通和技术协作保持密切联系。国家卫生健康委会同湖北省卫生健康部门制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎医疗救治工作手册》。 |
| (7) January 5: The WCHC updated information on its website, reporting a total of 59 cases of the viral pneumonia of unknown cause. Laboratory tests ruled out respiratory pathogens as the cause, such as influenza, avian influenza, adenovirus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. China sent a situation update to the WHO. The WHO released its first briefing on cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan. | | （7）1月5日，武汉市卫生健康委在官方网站发布《关于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情况通报》，共发现59例不明原因的病毒性肺炎病例，根据实验室检测结果，排除流感、禽流感、腺病毒、传染性非典型性肺炎和中东呼吸综合征等呼吸道病原。中国向世界卫生组织通报疫情信息。世界卫生组织首次就中国武汉出现的不明原因肺炎病例进行通报。 |
| (8) January 6: The NHC gave a briefing on cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan at a national health conference, calling for greater efforts to monitor, analyze and study them, and prepare for a timely response. | | （8）1月6日，国家卫生健康委在全国卫生健康工作会议上通报武汉市不明原因肺炎有关情况，要求加强监测、分析和研判，及时做好疫情处置。 |
| (9) January 7: Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and issued instructions on the prevention and control of a possible epidemic of the pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan. | | （9）1月7日，中共中央总书记习近平在主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议时，对做好不明原因肺炎疫情防控工作提出要求。 |
| (10) January 7: China CDC succeeded in isolating the first novel coronavirus strain. | | （10）1月7日，中国疾控中心成功分离新型冠状病毒毒株。 |
| (11) January 8: An expert evaluation team designated by the NHC initially identified a new coronavirus as the cause of the disease. The heads of the China and US CDCs held a telephone discussion on technical exchanges and cooperation. | | （11）1月8日，国家卫生健康委专家评估组初步确认新冠病毒为疫情病原。中美两国疾控中心负责人通电话，讨论双方技术交流合作事宜。 |
| (12) January 9: The NHC expert evaluation team released information on the pathogen of the viral pneumonia of unknown cause, and made a preliminary judgment that a new coronavirus was the cause. China informed the WHO of developments and the initial progress that had been made in determining the cause of the viral pneumonia. The WHO released on its website a statement regarding a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, indicating that the preliminary identification of a novel coronavirus in such a short period of time was a notable achievement. | | （12）1月9日，国家卫生健康委专家评估组对外发布武汉市不明原因的病毒性肺炎病原信息，病原体初步判断为新型冠状病毒。中国向世界卫生组织通报疫情信息，将病原学鉴定取得的初步进展分享给世界卫生组织。世界卫生组织网站发布关于中国武汉聚集性肺炎病例的声明，表示在短时间内初步鉴定出新型冠状病毒是一项显著成就。 |
| (13) January 10: Research institutions including China CDC and the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) came up with an initial version of test kits. Wuhan immediately began to test all relevant cases admitted to local hospitals to screen for the new coronavirus. The heads of the NHC and China CDC held separate telephone conversations with the head of the WHO about China's response to the disease, and exchanged information. | | （13）1月10日，中国疾控中心、中国科学院武汉病毒研究所等专业机构初步研发出检测试剂盒，武汉市立即组织对在院收治的所有相关病例进行排查。国家卫生健康委、中国疾控中心负责人分别与世界卫生组织负责人就疫情应对处置工作通话，交流有关信息。 |
| (14) January 11: China started to update the WHO and other parties concerned on a daily basis. | | （14）1月11日起，中国每日向世界卫生组织等通报疫情信息。 |
| (15) January 12: The WCHC changed “viral pneumonia of unknown cause” to “pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus” in an information circular on its website. China CDC, the CAMS and the WIV, as designated agencies of the NHC, submitted to the WHO the genome sequence of the novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV), which was published by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data to be shared globally. | | （15）1月12日，武汉市卫生健康委在情况通报中首次将“不明原因的病毒性肺炎”更名为“新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎”。中国疾控中心、中国医学科学院、中国科学院武汉病毒研究所作为国家卫生健康委指定机构，向世界卫生组织提交新型冠状病毒基因组序列信息，在全球流感共享数据库（GISAID）发布，全球共享。国家卫生健康委与世界卫生组织分享新冠病毒基因组序列信息。 |
| (16) January 13: Premier Li Keqiang chaired a State Council meeting and announced requirements for epidemic prevention and control. | | （16）1月13日，国务院总理李克强在主持召开国务院全体会议时，对做好疫情防控提出要求。 |
| (17) January 13: The NHC held a meeting to provide guidance to Hubei and Wuhan authorities, advising them to further strengthen management, step up body temperature monitoring at ports and stations, and reduce crowded gatherings. The WHO issued on its website a statement on the discovery of novel coronavirus cases in Thailand, recognizing that China's sharing of the genome sequence of the virus had enabled more countries to rapidly diagnose cases. An inspection team from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan visited Wuhan to learn about the prevention and control of the disease. | | （17）1月13日，国家卫生健康委召开会议，部署指导湖北省、武汉市进一步强化管控措施，加强口岸、车站等人员体温监测，减少人群聚集。世界卫生组织官方网站发表关于在泰国发现新冠病毒病例的声明指出，中国共享了基因组测序结果，使更多国家能够快速诊断患者。香港、澳门、台湾考察团赴武汉市考察疫情防控工作。 |
| (18) January 14: The NHC held a national teleconference, specifying arrangements for epidemic prevention and control in Hubei and Wuhan, and for emergency preparations and response across the country. The NHC cautioned that there was great uncertainty about the new disease, and that more research was needed to understand its mode of transmission and the risk of human-to- human transmissibility. Further spread could not be ruled out. | | （18）1月14日，国家卫生健康委召开全国电视电话会议，部署加强湖北省、武汉市疫情防控工作，做好全国疫情防范应对准备工作。会议指出，新冠病毒导致的新发传染病存在很大不确定性，人与人之间的传播能力和传播方式仍需要深入研究，不排除疫情进一步扩散蔓延的可能性。 |
| (19) January 15: The NHC unveiled the first versions of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, and Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. | | （19）1月15日，国家卫生健康委发布新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎第一版诊疗方案、防控方案。 |
| (20) January 16: As the optimization of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnostic reagents was completed, Wuhan began to screen all patients treated in fever clinics or under medical observation in the 69 hospitals at or above the level of grade two in the city. | | （20）1月16日，聚合酶链式反应（PCR）诊断试剂优化完成，武汉市对全部69所二级以上医院发热门诊就医和留观治疗的患者进行主动筛查。 |
| (21) January 17: The NHC sent seven inspection teams to different provincial-level health agencies to guide local epidemic prevention and control. | | （21）1月17日，国家卫生健康委派出7个督导组赴地方指导疫情防控工作。 |
| (22) January 18: The NHC released the second version of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. | | （22）1月18日，国家卫生健康委发布新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎第二版诊疗方案。 |
| (23) January 18 and 19: The NHC assembled a high-level national team of senior medical and disease control experts and sent them to Wuhan to study the local response to the epidemic. In the middle of the night of January 19, after careful examination and deliberation, the team determined that the new coronavirus was spreading between humans. | | （23）1月18日至19日，国家卫生健康委组织国家医疗与防控高级别专家组赶赴武汉市实地考察疫情防控工作。19日深夜，高级别专家组经认真研判，明确新冠病毒出现人传人现象。 |
| Stage II: Initial Progress in Containing the Virus | | （二）第二阶段：初步遏制疫情蔓延势头 |
| (January 20-February 20, 2020) | | （1月20日至2月20日） |
| The situation became most pressing with the rapid increase in newly confirmed cases in China. As a crucial step to stem the spread of the virus, the Chinese government took the decisive measure to close outbound traffic from Wuhan. This marked the beginning of an all-out battle to protect Wuhan and Hubei from the epidemic. The CPC Central Committee set up a leading group for novel coronavirus prevention and control and sent the Central Steering Group to Hubei. A joint epidemic prevention and control mechanism and in due course a mechanism to facilitate resumption of work were set up under the State Council. Resources were mobilized nationwide to assist Hubei and Wuhan. Major public health emergency responses were activated across China. The most comprehensive, stringent and thorough epidemic prevention and control campaign was launched nationwide, and initial progress was made in curbing the spread of the virus (see Chart 5). | | 全国新增确诊病例快速增加，防控形势异常严峻。中国采取阻断病毒传播的关键一招，坚决果断关闭离汉离鄂通道，武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战全面打响。中共中央成立应对疫情工作领导小组，并向湖北等疫情严重地区派出中央指导组。国务院先后建立联防联控机制、复工复产推进工作机制。全国集中资源和力量驰援湖北省和武汉市。各地启动重大突发公共卫生事件应急响应。最全面最严格最彻底的全国疫情防控正式展开，疫情蔓延势头初步遏制。（图5） |
 Chart 5. Daily Figure for Newly Confirmed Cases on the Chinese Mainland (January 20-February 20) | |  |
| (1) January 20: President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, gave important instructions on fighting the novel coronavirus. He emphasized that people's lives and health must come first and resolute efforts should be taken to stem the spread of the virus. He called for prompt release of information on the epidemic and enhanced international cooperation. | | （1）1月20日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示，指出要把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，坚决遏制疫情蔓延势头；强调要及时发布疫情信息，深化国际合作。 |
| (2) January 20: During an executive meeting of the State Council, Premier Li Keqiang decided to take more steps for epidemic prevention and control. A decision was taken to classify the novel coronavirus pneumonia as a Class B infectious disease in compliance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, but to apply to it the preventive and control measures for a Class A infectious disease. | | （2）1月20日，国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议，进一步部署疫情防控工作，并根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》将新冠肺炎纳入乙类传染病，采取甲类传染病管理措施。 |
| (3) January 20: The State Council convened a teleconference to plan for nationwide prevention and control of the disease. | | （3）1月20日，国务院联防联控机制召开电视电话会议，部署全国疫情防控工作。 |
| (4) January 20: The NHC held a press conference for the high-level expert team, at which it was confirmed that the virus could transmit from human to human. | | （4）1月20日，国家卫生健康委组织召开记者会，高级别专家组通报新冠病毒已出现人传人现象。 |
| (5) January 20: The NHC made a statement on implementing the above State Council decision and bringing the pneumonia under quarantinable infectious disease management in accordance with the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China. The NHC also released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 2). | | （5）1月20日，国家卫生健康委发布公告，将新冠肺炎纳入传染病防治法规定的乙类传染病并采取甲类传染病的防控措施；将新冠肺炎纳入《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》规定的检疫传染病管理。国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第二版）》。 |
| (6) January 22: Xi Jinping ordered the immediate imposition of tight restrictions on the movement of people and channels of exit in Hubei and Wuhan. | | （6）1月22日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平作出重要指示，要求立即对湖北省、武汉市人员流动和对外通道实行严格封闭的交通管控。 |
| (7) January 22: The NHC issued Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 3). The State Council Information Office held its first press conference on the novel coronavirus. The NHC was notified by the United States about its first confirmed case. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource database was officially launched by the China National Center for Bioinformation, which released the novel coronavirus genome and provided information on variation analysis to the international community. | | （7）1月22日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案（试行第三版）》。国务院新闻办公室就疫情举行第一场新闻发布会，介绍疫情有关情况。国家卫生健康委收到美方通报，美国国内发现首例确诊病例。国家生物信息中心开发的2019新型冠状病毒信息库正式上线，发布全球新冠病毒基因组和变异分析信息。 |
| (8) January 23: At around 2 a.m. Wuhan City Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control Command Center issued the No. 1 public notice declaring temporary closure of the city's outbound routes at its airports and railway stations at 10 a.m. the same day. The Ministry of Transport issued an emergency circular suspending passenger traffic into Wuhan from other parts of the country by road or waterway. The NHC and five other government departments also issued Notice on Preventing the Transmission of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia via Means of Transport. From January 23 to January 29, all provinces and equivalent administrative units on the Chinese mainland (hereafter all provinces) activated Level 1 public health emergency response. | | （8）1月23日凌晨2时许，武汉市疫情防控指挥部发布1号通告，23日10时起机场、火车站离汉通道暂时关闭。交通运输部发出紧急通知，全国暂停进入武汉市道路水路客运班线发班。国家卫生健康委等6部门发布《关于严格预防通过交通工具传播新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的通知》。1月23日至29日，全国各省份陆续启动重大突发公共卫生事件省级一级应急响应。 |
| (9) January 23: Researchers of the WIV, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and the Hubei Provincial CDC discovered that the whole genome sequence of the 2019-nCoV shares 79.5 percent of the SARS-CoV sequence. The Novel Coronavirus National Science and Technology Resource Service System, jointly set up by the National Microbiology Data Center and the National Pathogen Resource Collection Center, released the first electron microscope image of the virus and its strain information. | | （9）1月23日，中国科学院武汉病毒研究所、武汉市金银潭医院、湖北省疾病预防控制中心研究团队发现新冠病毒的全基因组序列与SARS－CoV的序列一致性有79.5%。国家微生物科学数据中心和国家病原微生物资源库共同建成“新型冠状病毒国家科技资源服务系统”，发布新冠病毒第一张电子显微镜照片和毒株信息。 |
| (10) January 24: Dispatch of national medical teams to Hubei and Wuhan began. In the ensuing period, a total of 346 medical teams composed of 42,600 medical workers and 965 public health workers from across the country and the armed forces were dispatched. | | （10）1月24日开始，从各地和军队调集346支国家医疗队、4.26万名医务人员和965名公共卫生人员驰援湖北省和武汉市。 |
| (11) January 25: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He called for resolute efforts to win the battle to contain the virus with “confidence and solidarity, a science-based approach and targeted measures”. He urged Hubei to make epidemic control its top priority and apply more rigorous measures to stem the spread of the virus within the province and beyond. All confirmed patients, he said, must be hospitalized without delay, and severe cases must be sent to designated hospitals with sufficient medical resources so that they could be treated by medical experts. A decision was taken at the meeting that the central Party leadership would set up a leading group for novel coronavirus prevention and control under the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. It was also decided that the central Party leadership would send a steering group to Hubei to oversee epidemic control on the ground. | | （11）1月25日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，明确提出“坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策”总要求，强调坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战；指出湖北省要把疫情防控工作作为当前头等大事，采取更严格的措施，内防扩散、外防输出；强调要按照集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治“四集中”原则，将重症病例集中到综合力量强的定点医疗机构进行救治，及时收治所有确诊病人。会议决定，中共中央成立应对疫情工作领导小组，在中央政治局常务委员会领导下开展工作；中共中央向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组，推动有关地方全面加强防控一线工作。 |
| (12) January 25: The NHC released six sets of guidelines on disease prevention: for general use, tourism, households, public places, public transport and home observation. | | （12）1月25日，国家卫生健康委发布通用、旅游、家庭、公共场所、公共交通工具、居家观察等6个公众预防指南。 |
| (13) January 26: Premier Li Keqiang, also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Central Leading Group for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control, chaired the group‘'s first meeting. The General Office of the State Council issued the decision to extend the Chinese New Year holiday of 2020 and postpone the opening of all universities, colleges, secondary schools, elementary schools and kindergartens. The National Medical Products Administration fast-tracked approval of four novel coronavirus test kits made by four companies to boost capacity for producing virus nucleic acid test kits. | | （13）1月26日，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理、中央应对疫情工作领导小组组长李克强主持召开领导小组第一次全体会议。国务院办公厅印发通知，决定延长2020年春节假期，各地大专院校、中小学、幼儿园推迟开学。国家药监局应急审批通过4家企业4个新型冠状病毒检测产品，进一步扩大新型冠状病毒核酸检测试剂供给能力。 |
| (14) January 27: Xi Jinping issued an instruction calling on all CPC organizations and members to bear in mind the supremacy of the people's interests and the Party's founding mission, strengthen confidence and solidarity, take a science-based approach and targeted measures, and lead the people in implementing the decisions made by the central Party leadership. | | （14）1月27日，中共中央总书记习近平作出指示，要求中国共产党各级组织和广大党员、干部，牢记人民利益高于一切，不忘初心、牢记使命，团结带领广大人民群众坚决贯彻落实党中央决策部署，全面贯彻“坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策”的要求，让党旗在防控疫情斗争第一线高高飘扬。 |
| (15) January 27: Li Keqiang paid an inspection visit to Wuhan on behalf of Xi Jinping, where he gave guidance on virus control and expressed appreciation to frontline health workers. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan on the same day to strengthen overall guidance of and supervision over the prevention and control of the disease at the front line. | | （15）1月27日，受中共中央总书记习近平委托，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理、中央应对疫情工作领导小组组长李克强赴武汉市考察指导疫情防控工作，代表中共中央、国务院慰问疫情防控一线的医护人员。同日，中央指导组进驻武汉市，全面加强对一线疫情防控的指导督导。 |
| (16) January 27: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 4). The head of the NHC discussed epidemic prevention and control with the head of the US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS) in a telephone call. | | （16）1月27日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案（试行第四版）》。国家卫生健康委负责人应约与美国卫生与公众服务部负责人通话，就当前新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作进行交流。 |
| (17) January 28: Xi Jinping met with WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus in Beijing. He said, “The virus is a devil, and we must hunt it down. The Chinese government has been providing timely updates on the epidemic in an open, transparent and responsible way. We have responded to the concerns of various parties and enhanced cooperation with the international community.” He expressed China's readiness to work with the WHO and the international community to safeguard public health both in the region and globally. | | （17）1月28日，国家主席习近平在北京会见世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞时指出，疫情是魔鬼，我们不能让魔鬼藏匿；指出中国政府始终本着公开、透明、负责任的态度及时向国内外发布疫情信息，积极回应各方关切，加强与国际社会合作；强调中方愿同世界卫生组织和国际社会一道，共同维护好地区和全球的公共卫生安全。 |
| (18) January 28: The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 3). | | （18）1月28日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第三版）》。 |
| (19) January 30: The NHC notified the US through the official channel that American experts were welcome to join the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease. The US replied and expressed its appreciation on the same day. | | （19）1月30日，国家卫生健康委通过官方渠道告知美方，欢迎美国加入世界卫生组织联合专家组。美方当天即回复表示感谢。 |
| (20) January 31: The WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. The NHC released Guidelines on Treating Novel Coronavirus Patients with Severe Symptoms in Designated Hospitals. | | （20）1月31日，世界卫生组织宣布新冠肺炎疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎重症患者集中救治方案》。 |
| (21) February 2: Under the guidance of the Central Steering Group, Wuhan began to adopt measures to put four categories of people – confirmed cases, suspected cases, febrile patients who might be carriers, and close contacts – under classified management in designated facilities. The policy of ensuring that all those in need are tested, isolated, hospitalized or treated was implemented. Actions were taken to conduct mass screenings to identify people with infections, hospitalize them, and collect accurate data on case numbers. | | （21）2月2日开始，在中央指导组指导下，武汉市部署实施确诊患者、疑似患者、发热患者、确诊患者的密切接触者“四类人员”分类集中管理，按照应收尽收、应治尽治、应检尽检、应隔尽隔“四应”要求，持续开展拉网排查、集中收治、清底排查三场攻坚战。 |
| (22) February 2: The head of the NHC sent a letter to the head of the US HHS to further exchange views on bilateral cooperation on public health and epidemic prevention and control. | | （22）2月2日，国家卫生健康委负责人致函美国卫生与公众服务部负责人，就双方卫生和疫情防控合作再次交换意见。 |
| (23) February 3: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He required that epidemic control measures be improved and strengthened and that the principle of early detection, reporting, quarantine and treatment be strictly observed. He called for saving lives by raising admission and cure rates and lowering infection and fatality rates. | | （23）2月3日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要进一步完善和加强防控，严格落实早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗“四早”措施；强调要全力以赴救治患者，努力“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”。 |
| (24) February 3: The Central Steering Group sent to Wuhan 22 national emergency medical teams from all over China, and gave the order to construct temporary treatment centers. | | （24）2月3日，中央指导组从全国调集22支国家紧急医学救援队，在武汉市建设方舱医院。 |
| (25) February 4: The head of China CDC took a telephone call from the head of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in which they exchanged views on the novel coronavirus. | | （25）2月4日，中国疾控中心负责人应约与美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所负责人通电话，交流疫情信息。 |
| (26) February 5: Xi Jinping chaired the third meeting of the Commission for Law-based Governance under the CPC Central Committee. He stressed the importance of putting the people's lives and health first, and the need to raise China's overall capacity of law-based disease prevention and control through the joint efforts of the legislature, law enforcement agencies, the judiciary and the public. This would ensure that epidemic prevention and control is conducted in compliance with the law. | | （26）2月5日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面依法治国委员会主任习近平主持召开中央全面依法治国委员会第三次会议，强调要始终把人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，从立法、执法、司法、守法各环节发力，全面提高依法防控、依法治理能力，为疫情防控工作提供有力法治保障。 |
| (27) February 5: The State Council through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism strengthened coordination, which made it possible for the supply of medical N95 masks to exceed Hubei's requirement. | | （27）2月5日，国务院联防联控机制加强协调调度，供应湖北省医用N95口罩首次实现供大于需。 |
| (28) February 5: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 5). | | （28）2月5日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案（试行第五版）》。 |
| (29) February 7: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Notice on Delivery of Duties for Effective Prevention and Control of the Disease. The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 4). | | （29）2月7日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于进一步强化责任落实做好防治工作的通知》，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎防控方案（第四版）》。 |
| (30) February 8: The NHC gave briefings on China's epidemic control efforts and measures at a meeting of the APEC health working group. It also gave briefings to Chinese diplomatic missions overseas on the guidelines for prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment, monitoring, epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing of the novel coronavirus. Heads of Chinese and US health authorities further exchanged views on arrangements for American experts to join the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease. | | （30）2月8日，国家卫生健康委在亚太经合组织卫生工作组会议上介绍中国防疫努力和措施。国家卫生健康委向中国驻外使领馆通报新型冠状病毒防控、诊疗、监测、流行病学调查、实验室检测等方案。中美两国卫生部门负责人再次就美方专家参加中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组的安排进行沟通。 |
| (31) February 10: Xi Jinping inspected prevention and control work in Beijing. He also talked by video link to doctors from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Union Hospital and Huoshenshan Hospital where novel coronavirus patients were being treated. He called for strengthening confidence and taking more decisive measures to stem the spread of and win the people's all-out war against the virus. He emphasized that top priority must be given to Hubei and Wuhan, as they were the decisive battlegrounds. Victory in Wuhan would ensure victory in Hubei, and ultimately victory across the country. No effort would be spared in saving lives. The infected should be treated in designated hospitals by top-level doctors and with all necessary resources guaranteed. Strict measures must be taken to forestall inbound and intra-city transmissions, neutralize all sources of infection and stem the spread of the virus to the greatest extent possible. | | （31）2月10日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在北京调研指导新冠肺炎疫情防控工作，并通过视频连线武汉市收治新冠肺炎患者的金银潭医院、协和医院、火神山医院，强调要以更坚定的信心、更顽强的意志、更果断的措施，紧紧依靠人民群众，坚决打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战；指出湖北和武汉是疫情防控的重中之重，是打赢疫情防控阻击战的决胜之地，武汉胜则湖北胜，湖北胜则全国胜，要打好武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战；强调要按照集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治“四集中”原则，全力做好救治工作；强调要坚决抓好“外防输入、内防扩散”两大环节，尽最大可能切断传染源，尽最大可能控制疫情波及范围。 |
| (32) February 10: A mechanism was established to organize pairing assistance from other provinces to Hubei's cities other than Wuhan for treatment of the infected. Assistance from 19 provinces was rendered to 16 cities in Hubei. | | （32）2月10日，建立省际对口支援湖北省除武汉市以外地市新冠肺炎医疗救治工作机制，统筹安排19个省份对口支援湖北省武汉市以外16个市州及县级市。 |
| (33) February 11: Thanks to strengthened coordination under the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the supply of medical protective suits to Hubei exceeded its needs. | | （33）2月11日，国务院联防联控机制加强协调调度，供应湖北省医用防护服首次实现供大于求。 |
| (34) February 11: China CDC experts had a teleconference at the request of flu experts from the US CDC, during which they shared information on novel coronavirus prevention and control. | | （34）2月11日，中国疾控中心专家应约与美国疾控中心流感部门专家召开电话会议，沟通和分享疫情防控信息。 |
| (35) February 12: At a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping noted that China's novel coronavirus prevention and control had reached the most crucial stage. Key epidemic control tasks must be fulfilled, and greater attention must be given to the hardest-hit and high-risk areas. He called for improvements in key links in disease control to raise the admission and cure rates and lower the infection and fatality rates. Hospital capacity must be boosted to ensure admission and treatment for all patients. The best medical resources and technologies should be pooled to treat all infections, particularly the most severe cases. He urged those provinces and cities with large population inflows to strengthen cross- region joint prevention and control and society-wide efforts to contain the virus. | | （35）2月12日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出疫情防控工作到了最吃劲的关键阶段，要毫不放松做好疫情防控重点工作，加强疫情特别严重或风险较大的地区防控；强调要围绕“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”，抓好疫情防控重点环节；强调要全面增强收治能力，坚决做到“应收尽收、应治尽治”，提高收治率；强调要提高患者特别是重症患者救治水平，集中优势医疗资源和技术力量救治患者；强调人口流入大省大市要按照“联防联控、群防群控”要求，切实做好防控工作。 |
| (36) February 13: The head of the NHC received a letter from the head of the US HHS on arrangements concerning bilateral cooperation on public health and novel coronavirus prevention and control. | | （36）2月13日，美国卫生与公众服务部相关负责人致函中国国家卫生健康委负责人，沟通双方卫生和疫情防控合作等有关安排。 |
| (37) February 14: Xi Jinping chaired the 12th meeting of the Commission for Further Reform under the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized that protecting people's lives and health is a high priority on the CPC's governance agenda. Immediate, science-based and targeted measures must be taken to stamp out the virus. Experience and lessons must be drawn to enhance preparedness in the future. Swift actions must be taken to address problems, plug loopholes, and reinforce weak links. He also emphasized the need to improve both the mechanism for preventing and controlling major epidemics and the national public health emergency response system. | | （37）2月14日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十二次会议，指出确保人民生命安全和身体健康，是中国共产党治国理政的一项重大任务；强调既要立足当前，科学精准打赢疫情防控阻击战，更要放眼长远，总结经验、吸取教训，针对这次疫情暴露出来的短板和不足，抓紧补短板、堵漏洞、强弱项，完善重大疫情防控体制机制，健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系。 |
| (38) February 14: All provinces and equivalent administrative units other than Hubei saw a continuous drop in newly confirmed cases for the 10th consecutive day. | | （38）2月14日，全国除湖北省以外其他省份新增确诊病例数实现“十连降”。 |
| (39) February 15: The State Council Information Office held its first press conference on novel coronavirus prevention and control in Wuhan. By that day, seven types of test reagents had been approved for market launch, and progress had been made in drug screening, development of therapeutic regimens and vaccines, and animal model construction. | | （39）2月15日，国务院新闻办公室首次在湖北省武汉市举行疫情防控新闻发布会。至2月15日，已有7个诊断检测试剂获批上市，部分药物筛选与治疗方案、疫苗研发、动物模型构建等取得阶段性进展。 |
| (40) February 16: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19, consisting of 25 experts from China, Germany, Japan, ROK, Nigeria, Russia, Singapore, the US and the WHO, started its nine-day field visit to Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuhan. | | （40）2月16日开始，由中国、德国、日本、韩国、尼日利亚、俄罗斯、新加坡、美国和世界卫生组织25名专家组成的中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组，利用9天时间，对北京、成都、广州、深圳和武汉等地进行实地考察调研。 |
| (41) February 17: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Guidelines on Taking Science-based, Targeted, Region-specific, and Tiered Measures for Covid-19 Prevention and Control. Local authorities and government departments were required to take measures matching the corresponding levels of emergency response and ensure an orderly return to work and normal life. | | （41）2月17日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于科学防治精准施策分区分级做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指导意见》，部署各地区各部门做好分区分级精准防控，有序恢复生产生活秩序。 |
| (42) February 18: Nationwide, the daily number of newly cured and discharged coronavirus patients exceeded that of newly confirmed cases, and the number of confirmed cases began to drop. The NHC sent a reply to the US HHS on further arrangements concerning bilateral health and anti-virus cooperation. | | （42）2月18日，全国新增治愈出院病例数超过新增确诊病例数，确诊病例数开始下降。中国国家卫生健康委复函美国卫生与公众服务部，就双方卫生与疫情合作有关安排进一步沟通。 |
| (43) February 19: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The meeting heard reports on coronavirus prevention and control, and studied plans on strengthening virus control while promoting economic and social development. | | （43）2月19日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，听取疫情防控工作汇报，研究统筹做好疫情防控和经济社会发展工作。 |
| (44) February 19: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (Trial Version 6). | | （44）2月19日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》。 |
| (45) February 19: For the first time in Wuhan, newly cured and discharged cases outnumbered newly confirmed ones. | | （45）2月19日，武汉市新增治愈出院病例数首次大于新增确诊病例数。 |
| Stage III: Newly Confirmed Domestic Cases on the Chinese Mainland Drop to Single Digits | | （三）第三阶段：本土新增病例数逐步下降至个位数 |
| (February 21-March 17, 2020) | | （2月21日至3月17日） |
| China had made significant progress: The rapid spread of the virus had been contained in Wuhan and the rest of Hubei Province, the situation in other parts on the mainland had stabilized, and the daily figure for new cases had remained in single digits since mid-March. As the situation evolved, the CPC Central Committee decided to coordinate epidemic control with economic and social development, and organize an orderly return to normal work and daily life (see Chart 6). | | 湖北省和武汉市疫情快速上升势头均得到遏制，全国除湖北省以外疫情形势总体平稳，3月中旬每日新增病例控制在个位数以内，疫情防控取得阶段性重要成效。根据疫情防控形势发展，中共中央作出统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展、有序复工复产重大决策。（图6） |
 Chart 6. Daily Figure for Newly Confirmed Cases on the Chinese Mainland (February 21-March 17) | |  |
| (1) February 21: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He pointed out that while significant progress had been made in containing the epidemic, the turning point had not yet arrived at the national level. Wuhan and the entire province of Hubei still faced a grave and complex threat. He instructed that differentiated control measures be adopted to address the problems in different regions, to defend Hubei and its capital city, to step up support to regions with insufficient capacity, and to make an all-out effort to ensure the safety of Beijing, the national capital. He required that the economic and social order be managed in parallel with the anti-epidemic endeavor, and called for an orderly return to normal work and daily life. | | （1）2月21日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局会议，指出疫情防控工作取得阶段性成效，同时，全国疫情发展拐点尚未到来，湖北省和武汉市防控形势依然严峻复杂；强调要针对不同区域情况，完善差异化防控策略，坚决打好湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战，加强力量薄弱地区防控，全力做好北京疫情防控工作；强调要建立与疫情防控相适应的经济社会运行秩序，有序推动复工复产。 |
| (2) February 21: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Guidelines on Covid-19 Prevention and Control Measures for Resumption of Work. The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 5). | | （2）2月21日，国务院联防联控机制印发《企事业单位复工复产疫情防控措施指南》，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第五版）》。 |
| (3) February 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to downgrade their public health emergency response level in light of the local situation, and gradually lifted traffic restrictions. By February 24, all provincial trunk highways had reopened, and order was restored to the transport networks with the exception of those in Hubei and Beijing. | | （3）2月21日起，各地因地制宜，陆续调低省级重大突发公共卫生事件响应级别，逐步取消通行限制。至2月24日，除湖北省、北京市外，其他省份主干公路卡点全部打通，运输秩序逐步恢复。 |
| (4) February 23: President Xi spoke to 170,000 officials nationwide by video link, at a meeting on coordinating epidemic control with economic and social development. He emphasized that this epidemic, given the speed and scope of its spread, represented the most challenging public health emergency in China since the founding of the People's Republic, and that it was both a serious crisis and a major test. He acknowledged the arduous efforts of all involved, welcoming the fact that control measures were producing increasingly positive results, but noting that the overall situation remained complex and serious, and this stage would be crucial in curbing the spread. The people must maintain their faith in ultimate victory and make unremitting efforts in all of their prevention and control work. He encouraged the nation to turn pressure into strength and adversity into opportunities, and steadily resume normal work and daily life. He demanded a redoubled effort to stabilize the six fronts -– employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, called for stronger policies to unleash the full potential and maintain the strong momentum of China's development, and urged the nation to achieve the goals and tasks set for this year's economic and social development. | | （4）2月23日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平出席统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议，通过视频直接面向全国17万名干部进行动员部署，指出新冠肺炎疫情是新中国成立以来在我国发生的传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的一次重大突发公共卫生事件，这是一次危机，也是一次大考，经过艰苦努力，疫情防控形势积极向好的态势正在拓展；强调疫情形势依然严峻复杂，防控正处在最吃劲的关键阶段，要坚定必胜信念，咬紧牙关，继续毫不放松抓紧抓实抓细各项防控工作；强调要变压力为动力、善于化危为机，有序恢复生产生活秩序，强化“六稳”举措，加大政策调节力度，把发展巨大潜力和强大动能充分释放出来，努力实现今年经济社会发展目标任务。 |
| (5) February 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing, during which team members agreed that China had achieved notable success in slowing the spread of the virus and blocking human-to-human transmission, at least delaying and possibly preventing hundreds of thousands of infections. “This approach, what we call an 'all-of- government, all-of-society' approach, very old-fashioned, too old in some ways, has probably, definitely reverted, and probably prevented at least tens of thousands, but probably hundreds of thousands of cases of Covid-19 in China”. By February 24, the daily number of new infections on the Chinese mainland had remained below 1,000 for five consecutive days, the number of existing confirmed cases had kept dropping for almost a week, and the daily figure for discharged patients was now equal to or had surpassed that of new infections in all provincial-level administrative units. | | （5）2月24日，中国－世界卫生组织联合专家考察组在北京举行新闻发布会，认为中国在减缓疫情扩散蔓延、阻断病毒人际传播方面取得明显效果，已经避免或至少推迟了数十万人感染新冠肺炎。至2月24日，全国新增确诊病例数已连续5天在1000例以下，现有确诊病例数近一周以来呈现下降趋势，所有省份新增出院病例数均大于或等于新增确诊病例数。 |
| (6) February 25: China started to tighten up border quarantine, conducting a strict check of health and body temperature, and carrying out medical inspection, epidemiological investigation, medical screening, and sample monitoring of all inbound and outbound travelers, in order to minimize the cross-border spread of the epidemic. | | （6）2月25日起，全面加强出入境卫生检疫工作，对出入境人员严格健康核验、体温监测、医学巡查、流行病学调查、医学排查、采样监测，防止疫情跨境传播。 |
| (7) February 26: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He told the meeting that the national situation in epidemic control was turning for the better and economic and social development was quickly returning to normal, while Wuhan and Hubei as a whole still faced a grave and complex situation, and the possibility of an epidemic resurgence must not be overlooked in other regions. He called for a greater effort to marshal the resources of the whole country to reinforce Wuhan and Hubei. He emphasized the need to make an accurate assessment of the epidemic dynamics and the conditions facing economic and social development, and focus on the main problems and the key elements of these problems, so as to ensure an overall victory in the battle against the virus, and achieve the goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and of the country's poverty alleviation. | | （7）2月26日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出全国疫情防控形势积极向好的态势正在拓展，经济社会发展加快恢复，同时湖北省和武汉市疫情形势依然复杂严峻，其他有关地区疫情反弹风险不可忽视；强调要继续集中力量和资源，全面加强湖北省和武汉市疫情防控；强调要准确分析把握疫情和经济社会发展形势，紧紧抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，确保打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战，努力实现决胜全面建成小康社会、决战脱贫攻坚目标任务。 |
| (8) February 27: The daily figure for new cases in Hubei other than Wuhan, and in other places on the mainland outside Hubei, both dropped to single digits for the first time. | | （8）2月27日，全国除湖北省以外其他省份，湖北省除武汉市以外其他地市，新增确诊病例数首次双双降至个位数。 |
| (9) February 28: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council released Notice on Furthering Differentiated, Region-specific and Tiered Prevention and Control Measures. | | （9）2月28日，国务院联防联控机制印发《关于进一步落实分区分级差异化防控策略的通知》。 |
| (10) February 29: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 released a report about its field study trip in China. The report described China's control efforts. It said, “In the face of a previously unknown virus, China has rolled out perhaps the most ambitious, agile and aggressive disease containment effort in history… As striking, has been the uncompromising rigor of strategy application that proved to be a hallmark in every setting and context where it was examined… Achieving China's exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. At a community level this is reflected in the remarkable solidarity of provinces and cities in support of the most vulnerable populations and communities.” | | （10）2月29日，中国－世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合考察报告发布。报告认为，面对前所未知的病毒，中国采取了历史上最勇敢、最灵活、最积极的防控措施，尽可能迅速地遏制病毒传播；令人瞩目的是，在所考察的每一个机构都能够强有力地落实防控措施；面对共同威胁时，中国人民凝聚共识、团结行动，才使防控措施得以全面有效的实施；每个省、每个城市在社区层面都团结一致，帮助和支持脆弱人群及社区。 |
| (11) March 2: President Xi inspected several scientific institutions in Beijing, observing their research and development on Covid-19 prevention and control. He said that this work must be taken as a major and pressing task and proceed as speedily as possible, while abiding by the rules of science and ensuring safety, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for overcoming the epidemic. Xi Jinping pointed out that saving as many lives as possible, by every possible means, was the number one priority. Research on and development of medicines and medical equipment should be integrated with clinical treatment, with the twin goals of raising the cure rate and lowering the fatality rate. Development of vaccines should be expedited through multiple approaches, so as to make them available for clinical trial and application as quickly as possible. The president said that biosecurity should be an important part of the holistic approach to national security, and he called for efforts to enhance China's scientific research capacity regarding epidemic prevention and control and public health. | | （11）3月2日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在北京考察新冠肺炎防控科研攻关工作，强调要把新冠肺炎防控科研攻关作为一项重大而紧迫任务，在坚持科学性、确保安全性的基础上加快研发进度，为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战提供强大科技支撑；指出尽最大努力挽救更多患者生命是当务之急、重中之重，要加强药物、医疗装备研发和临床救治相结合，切实提高治愈率、降低病亡率；强调要加快推进已有的多种技术路线疫苗研发，争取早日推动疫苗的临床试验和上市使用；指出要把生物安全作为国家总体安全的重要组成部分，加强疫病防控和公共卫生科研攻关体系和能力建设。 |
| (12) March 3: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (Trial Version 7), which made modifications in the determination of transmission routes and clinical symptoms, updated diagnostic criteria, and emphasized the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in treating the disease. | | （12）3月3日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第七版）》，在传播途径、临床表现、诊断标准等多个方面作出修改和完善，强调加强中西医结合。 |
| (13) March 4: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized the need to quickly bring order to economic and social development in the context of epidemic control, improve relevant measures, and consolidate and extend the country's hard-won progress. Wuhan and Hubei must continue their epidemic control, and continue the measures for preventing the virus from spreading within their local area or beyond. | | （13）3月4日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，指出要加快建立同疫情防控相适应的经济社会运行秩序，完善相关举措，巩固和拓展来之不易的良好势头；强调要持续用力加强湖北省和武汉市疫情防控工作，继续保持“内防扩散、外防输出”的防控策略。 |
| (14) March 6: Xi Jinping attended a symposium on securing a decisive victory in poverty alleviation. He pointed out that the solemn pledge to lift all rural people living below current poverty line out of poverty by 2020 had been made by the CPC Central Committee to the whole nation, and it must be fulfilled on schedule. He called for greater determination and intensity in advancing poverty alleviation, and highlighted the need to offset the impact of the epidemic in order to clinch a complete victory over poverty – a cause of such tremendous importance to China and all of humanity. | | （14）3月6日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平出席决战决胜脱贫攻坚座谈会，指出到2020年现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫，是中共中央向全国人民作出的郑重承诺，必须如期实现；强调要以更大决心、更强力度推进脱贫攻坚，坚决克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，坚决夺取脱贫攻坚战全面胜利，坚决完成这项对中华民族、对人类都具有重大意义的伟业。 |
| (15) March 6: The daily increase in the number of domestic cases on the Chinese mainland dropped below 100, and fell further to single digits on March 11. | | （15）3月6日，全国新增本土确诊病例数降至100例以下，11日降至个位数。 |
| (16) March 7: The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Covid-19 (Edition 6). | | （16）3月7日，国家卫生健康委发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案（第六版）》。 |
| (17) March 10: Xi Jinping went to Wuhan to inspect work on epidemic control. He acknowledged that the situation in Hubei and Wuhan was improving and that hard work had delivered important results, and pointed out that the task remained arduous. He encouraged the people to persevere in their efforts and win the battles against the virus in Hubei and Wuhan. He praised residents in Wuhan for considering the national interest and the general situation. They had proved themselves indomitable and resilient, and they had consciously subordinated their needs to the overall interests of epidemic control, joined the battle against the epidemic, and made a huge contribution. He pointed out that there were two fronts in the battle against the epidemic: the hospital and the community – the life-saving front and the epidemic prevention and control front. Communities should play their key role in epidemic prevention and control, and every community should serve as a bastion of defense against the virus. He called for a general mobilization, putting in place a defense line across the whole of society and relying on the people to win the battle. | | （17）3月10日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平赴湖北省武汉市考察疫情防控工作，指出经过艰苦努力，湖北和武汉疫情防控形势发生积极向好变化，取得阶段性重要成果，但疫情防控任务依然艰巨繁重，要慎终如始、再接再厉、善作善成，坚决打赢湖北保卫战、武汉保卫战；指出武汉人民识大体、顾大局，不畏艰险、顽强不屈，自觉服从疫情防控大局需要，主动投身疫情防控斗争，作出了重大贡献；指出抗击疫情有两个阵地，一个是医院救死扶伤阵地，一个是社区防控阵地，要充分发挥社区在疫情防控中的重要作用，使所有社区成为疫情防控的坚强堡垒；强调打赢疫情防控人民战争要紧紧依靠人民，把群众发动起来，构筑起群防群控的人民防线。 |
| (18) March 11: WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus announced, “We have therefore made the assessment that Covid-19 can be characterized as a pandemic.” | | （18）3月11日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示，新冠肺炎疫情已具有大流行特征。 |
| (19) March 11 to 17: The daily increase in the number of domestic cases on the Chinese mainland remained in single digits. The epidemic peak had passed in China as a whole, with the number of new cases steadily declining and the epidemic comfortably under control. | | （19）3月11日至17日，全国每日新增本土确诊病例数维持在个位数。总体上，中国本轮疫情流行高峰已经过去，新增发病数持续下降，疫情总体保持在较低水平。 |
| (20) March 17: Forty-two medical teams from around the country left Wuhan, having completed their mission there. | | （20）3月17日，首批42支国家援鄂医疗队撤离武汉。 |
| Stage IV: Wuhan and Hubei – An Initial Victory in a Critical Battle | | （四）第四阶段：取得武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战决定性成果 |
| (March 18-April 28, 2020) | | （3月18日至4月28日） |
| By making critical advances in the city of Wuhan, the main battleground against the virus, China initially halted the spread of Covid-19 on the mainland. Restrictions on outbound traffic from Wuhan City and Hubei Province were lifted, and all Covid-19 patients in Wuhan hospitals were discharged. China won a critical battle in defending Wuhan and Hubei against Covid-19, which was a major step forward in the nationwide virus control effort. During this period, sporadic cases were reported, and more infections were caused by inbound arrivals carrying the virus which continued to spread overseas. In response to the evolving Covid-19 dynamics, the CPC Central Committee adopted an approach to prevent the coronavirus from entering the country and stem its domestic resurgence. Efforts were made to consolidate gains in virus control, promptly treat cluster cases, and get the country back to work sector by sector. Care and support were given to Chinese citizens abroad (see Chart 7). | | 以武汉市为主战场的全国本土疫情传播基本阻断，离汉离鄂通道管控措施解除，武汉市在院新冠肺炎患者清零，武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战取得决定性成果，全国疫情防控阻击战取得重大战略成果。境内疫情零星散发，境外疫情快速扩散蔓延，境外输入病例造成关联病例传播。中共中央把握疫情形势发展变化，确定了“外防输入、内防反弹”的防控策略，巩固深化国内疫情防控成效，及时处置聚集性疫情，分类推动复工复产，关心关爱境外中国公民。（图7） |
 Chart 7. Daily Figure for Newly Confirmed Cases on the Chinese Mainland (March 18-April 28) | |  |
| (1) March 18: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized the need to take rigorous steps to stop inbound cases, so that hard-won gains in virus control would not be lost. He urged stronger measures to protect the health of Chinese citizens overseas. | | （1）3月18日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，强调要落实外防输入重点任务，完善应对输入性风险的防控策略和政策举措，决不能让来之不易的疫情防控持续向好形势发生逆转；指出要加强对境外中国公民疫情防控的指导和支持，保护他们的生命安全和身体健康。 |
| (2) March 18: The State Council issued Decision on Implementation of Measures to Stabilize Employment by Offsetting the Impact of Covid-19. | | （2）3月18日，国务院办公厅印发《关于应对新冠肺炎疫情影响强化稳就业举措的实施意见》。 |
| (3) March 18: For the first time, no new domestic cases were confirmed on the Chinese mainland. By March 19, no new cases had been confirmed for seven days outside of Hubei Province. | | （3）3月18日，全国新增本土确诊病例首次实现零报告。至19日，湖北省以外省份连续7日无新增本土确诊病例。 |
| (4) March 25: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to hear briefings about virus control and current economic conditions and discuss virus control measures and ways to sustain economic growth. | | （4）3月25日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局常务委员会会议，听取疫情防控工作和当前经济形势的汇报，研究当前疫情防控和经济工作。 |
| (5) March 25: Hubei lifted outbound traffic restrictions and removed all health checkpoints on highways across the province except in Wuhan. With the exception of Wuhan, work and life gradually returned to normal in the whole province, and people could now leave Hubei if they had a “green” health code to show that they were not infected. | | （5）3月25日起，湖北省有序解除离鄂通道管控措施，撤除除武汉市以外地区所有通道（市际、省界通道）检疫站点。湖北省除武汉市以外地区逐步恢复正常生产生活秩序，离鄂人员凭湖北健康码“绿码”安全有序流动。 |
| (6) March 25: Confirmed inbound cases were reported in 23 provinces, signaling the need to curb the spread of the virus. | | （6）3月25日，23个省份报告了境外输入确诊病例，防止疫情扩散压力依然很大。 |
| (7) March 26: President Xi attended the G20 Extraordinary Leaders' Summit on Covid-19 and delivered a speech titled “Working Together to Defeat the Covid-19 Outbreak”. | | （7）3月26日，国家主席习近平出席二十国集团领导人特别峰会，发表题为《携手抗疫 共克时艰》的讲话。 |
| (8) March 27: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He called for a timely improvement in China's Covid-19 control measures in response to changing Covid-19 dynamics, both domestic and globally, with a shift in focus to preventing inbound cases and domestic resurgence, so as to sustain the positive momentum in virus control. He stressed the need to speedily resume work and normal life while continuing Covid-19 prevention and control, in order to minimize the losses caused by Covid-19 and fulfill the goals of economic and social development set for the year. Provided that prevention and control protocols were duly observed, support should be given to get Hubei back to work in an orderly manner, and help enterprises create jobs, keep their employees, and ensure their livelihoods. | | （8）3月27日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局会议，指出要因应国内外疫情防控新形势，及时完善疫情防控策略和应对举措，把重点放在“外防输入、内防反弹”上来，保持疫情防控形势持续向好态势；强调要在疫情防控常态化条件下加快恢复生产生活秩序，力争把疫情造成的损失降到最低限度，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务；强调要在做好疫情防控的前提下，支持湖北有序复工复产，做好援企、稳岗、促就业、保民生等工作。 |
(9) March 29 to April 1: Xi Jinping made an inspection tour to Zhejiang Province to review its Covid-19 control and economic and social development. He stressed that guarding against inbound infections should be the top priority for the country both now and in the foreseeable future and that control must be targeted and effective so as to build a strong line of defense against inbound cases. He emphasized the need to remain sensitive to changes, respond to them with well-judged actions, be ready to adjust the approach when necessary, and identify and seize opportunities in the current crisis. He urged a steady return to work in more sectors while strictly continuing virus control measures and resolving problems hindering the return to work, so as to restore the operation of complete industrial chains.
．．．．．． | | （9）3月29日至4月1日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平前往浙江，就统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作进行调研，指出要把严防境外疫情输入作为当前乃至较长一段时间疫情防控的重中之重，增强防控措施的针对性和实效性，筑起应对境外疫情输入风险的坚固防线；强调要准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，善于从眼前的危机、眼前的困难中捕捉和创造机遇；强调要在严格做好疫情防控工作的前提下，有力有序推动复工复产提速扩面，积极破解复工复产中的难点、堵点，推动全产业链联动复工。
．．．．．． |
|
Dear visitor, as a premium member of this database, you will get complete access to all content.Please go premium and get more.
1. To become a premium member, please call 400-810-8266 Ext. 171.
2. Binding to the account with access to this database.
3. Apply for a trial account.
4. To get instant access to a document, you can Pay Amount 【￥4000.00】 for your single purchase. | |
您好：您现在要进入的是北大法宝英文库会员专区。
如您是我们英文用户可直接 登录，进入会员专区查询您所需要的信息；如您还不是我们 的英文用户；您可通过网上支付进行单篇购买，支付成功后即可立即查看本篇内容。
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail:info@chinalawinfo.com
|
| | | |
| | | |