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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [Effective]
消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】
  • Area: Human Rights
  • Category of treaties: Convention
  • The place of signing: Copenhagen
  • Signing Date: 12-18-1979
  • Effective date: 09-03-1981

 
Noting that the Charter of the United Nations reaffirms faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women, 生效:按照第二十六(1)条的规定,于一九八一年九月三日生效本公约缔约各国,注意到《联合国宪章》重申对基本人权、人身尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信念;

Noting that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms the principle of the inadmissibility of discrimination and proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, including distinction based on sex,
 
注意到《世界人权宣言》申明不容歧视的原则,并宣布人人生而自由,在尊严和权利上一律平等,且人人都有资格享受该宣言所载的一切权利和自由,不得有任何区别,包括男女的区别。

Noting that the States Parties to the International Covenants on Human Rights have the obligation to ensure the equal rights of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights,
 
注意到有关人权的各项国际公约的缔约国有义务保证男女平等享有一切经济、社会、文化、公民和政治权利;考虑到在联合国各专门机构主持下所签署旨在促进男女权利平等的各项国际公约;

Considering the international conventions concluded under the auspices of the United Nations and the specialized agencies promoting equality of rights of men and women,
 
还注意到在联合国和各专门机构所通过旨在促进男女权利平等的决议、宣言和建议;

Noting also the resolutions, declarations and recommendations adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies promoting equality of rights of men and women,
 
关心到尽管有这些各种文件,歧视妇女的现象仍然普遍存在;

Concerned, however, that despite these various instruments extensive discrimination against women continues to exist,
 
考虑到对妇女的歧视违反权利平等和尊重人的尊严的原则,阻碍妇女与男子平等参加本国的政治、社会、经济和文化生活,妨碍社会和家庭的繁荣发展,并使妇女更难充分发挥为国家和人类服务的潜力;

Recalling that discrimination against women violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity, is an obstacle to the participation of women, on equal terms with men, in the political, social, economic and cultural life of their countries, hampers the growth of the prosperity of society and the family and makes more difficult the full development of the potentialities of women in the service of their countries and of humanity,
 
关心到在贫穷情况下,妇女在获得粮食、保健、教育、培训、就业和其他需要等方面,往往机会最少;

Concerned that in situations of poverty women have the least access to food, health, education, training and opportunities for employment and other needs,
 
深信基于平等和正义的新的国际经济秩序的建立,将大有助于促进男女平等;

Convinced that the establishment of the new international economic order based on equity and justice will contribute significantly towards the promotion of equality between men and women,
 
强调彻底消除种族隔离、一切形式的种族主义、种族歧视、新老殖民主义、外国侵略、外国占领和外国统治,对别国内政的干预。对于男女充分享受其权利是必不可少的。

Emphasizing that the eradication of apartheid, all forms of racism, racial discrimination, colonialism, neo-colonialism, aggression, foreign occupation and domination and interference in the internal affairs of States is essential to the full enjoyment of the rights of men and women,
 
确认国际和平与安全的加强,国际紧张局势的缓和,各国不论其社会和经济制度如何彼此之间的相互合作,在严格有效的国际管制下全面彻底裁军,特别是核裁军,国与国之间关系上正义、平等和互利原则的确认,在外国和殖民统治是和外国占领下的人民取得自决与独立权利的实现,以及对各国国家主权和领土完整的尊重,都将会促进社会进步和发展,从而有助于实现男女的完全平等;

Affirming that the strengthening of international peace and security, the relaxation of international tension, mutual co-operation among all States irrespective of their social and economic systems, general and complete disarmament, in particular nuclear disarmament under strict and effective international control, the affirmation of the principles of justice, equality and mutual benefit in relations among countries and the realization of the right of peoples under alien and colonial domination and foreign occupation to self-determination and independence, as well as respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, will promote social progress and development and as a consequence will contribute to the attainment of full equality between men and women,
 
确信一国的充分和完全的发展,世界人民的福利以及和平的事业,需要妇女与男子平等充分参加所有各方面的工作;念及妇女对家庭的福利和社会的发展所作出的巨大贡献到今没有充分受到公认,又念及母性的社会意义以及父母在家庭中和在养育子女方面所起的作用,并理解到妇女不应因生育而受到歧视,因为养育子女是男女和整个社会的共同责任;

Convinced that the full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all fields,
 
认识到为了实现男女完全平等需要同时改变男子和妇女在社会上和家庭中的传统任务;

Bearing in mind the great contribution of women to the welfare of the family and to the development of society, so far not fully recognized, the social significance of maternity and the role of both parents in the family and in the upbringing of children, and aware that the role of women in procreation should not be a basis for discrimination but that the upbringing of children requires a sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole,
 
决心执行《消除对妇女歧视宣言》内载的各项原则,并为此目的,采取一切必要措施,消除这种歧视的一切形式及现象。

Aware that a change in the traditional role of men as well as the role of women in society and in the family is needed to achieve full equality between men and women,
 
兹协议如下:

Determined to implement the principles set forth in the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and, for that purpose, to adopt the measures required for the elimination of such discrimination in all its forms and manifestations,
 

Have agreed on the following:
 第一部分

 
PART I 第一条

 
在本公约中,“对妇女的歧视”一词指基于性别而作的任何区别、排斥或限制,其影响或其目的均足以妨碍或否认妇女不论已婚未婚在男女平等的基础上认识、享有或行使在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或任何其他方面的人权和基本自由。
Article 1 

For the purposes of the present Convention, the term "discrimination against women" shall mean any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.
 第二条

 
缔约各国谴责对妇女一切形式的歧视,协议立即用一切适当办法,推行消除对妇女歧视的政策。为此目的,承担:
Article 2 
(一)男女平等的原则如尚未列入本国宪法或其他有关法律者,应将其列入,并以法律或其他适当方法,保证实现这项原则;

States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake:
 
(二)采取适当立法和其他措施,包括在适当情况下实行制裁,以禁止对妇女的一切歧视;

(a) To embody the principle of the equality of men and women in their national constitutions or other appropriate legislation if not yet incorporated therein and to ensure, through law and other appropriate means, the practical realization of this principle;
 
(三〕为妇女确立与男于平等权利的法律保护,通过各国的主管法庭及其他公共机构,保证切实保护妇女不受任何歧视;

(b) To adopt appropriate legislative and other measures, including sanctions where appropriate, prohibiting all discrimination against women;
 
(四)不采取任何歧视妇女的行为或做法,并保证政府当局和公共机构的行动都不违背这项义务;

(c) To establish legal protection of the rights of women on an equal basis with men and to ensure through competent national tribunals and other public institutions the effective protection of women against any act of discrimination;
 
(五)采取一切适当措施,消除任何个人、组织或企业对妇女的歧视;

(d) To refrain from engaging in any act or practice of discrimination against women and to ensure that public authorities and institutions shall act in conformity with this obligation;
 
(六)采取一切适当措施,包括制定法律,以修改或废除构成对妇女歧视的现行法律、规章、习俗和惯例;

(e) To take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women by any person, organization or enterprise;
 
(七)废止本国刑法内构成对妇女歧视的一切规定。

(f) To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices which constitute discrimination against women;
 

(g) To repeal all national penal provisions which constitute discrimination against women.
 第三条

 
缔约各国应承担在所有领域,特别是在政治、社会、经济、文化领域,采取一切适当措施,包括制定法律,保证妇女得到充分发展和进步,以确保妇女在与男子平等的基础上,行使和享有人权和基本自由。
Article 3 

States Parties shall take in all fields, in particular in the political, social, economic and cultural fields, all appropriate measures, including legislation, to en sure the full development and advancement of women , for the purpose of guaranteeing them the exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms on a basis of equality with men.
 第四条

 
一、缔约各国为加速实现男女事实上的平等而采取的暂行特别措施,不得视为本公约所指的歧视,亦不得因此导致维持不平等的标准或另立标准;这些措施应在男女机会和待遇平等的、目的达到之后,停止采用。
Article 4 
二、缔约各国为保护母性而采取的特别措施,包括本公约所列各项措施,不得视为歧视。

1. Adoption by States Parties of temporary special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women shall not be considered discrimination as defined in the present Convention, but shall in no way entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate standards; these measures shall be discontinued when the objectives of equality of opportunity and treatment have been achieved.
 

2. Adoption by States Parties of special measures, including those measures contained in the present Convention, aimed at protecting maternity shall not be considered discriminatory.
 第五条

 
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施:
Article 5 
(一)改变男女的社会和文化行为模式,以消除基于性别而分尊卑观念或基于男女任务定型所产生的偏见、习俗和一切其他做法;

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures:
 
(二)保证家庭教育应包括正确了解母性的社会功能和确认教养子女是父母的共同责任,当然在任何情况下都应首先考虑子女的利益。

(a) To modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, with a view to achieving the elimination of prejudices and customary and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women;
 

(b) To ensure that family education includes a proper understanding of maternity as a social function and the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the upbringing and development of their children, it being understood that the interest of the children is the primordial consideration in all cases.
 第六条

 
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施,包括制定法律,以禁止一切形式贩卖妇女及意图盈利使妇女卖淫的行为。
Article 6 
第二部分

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women.
 

PART II
 第七条

 
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施,消除在本国政治和公共生活中对妇女的歧视,特别应保证妇女在与男子平等的条件下:
Article 7 
(一)在一切选举和公民投票中有选举权,并在一切民选机构有被选举权;

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of the country and, in particular, shall ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right:
 
(二)参加政府政策的制订及其执行,并担任各级政府公职,执行一切公务;

(a) To vote in all elections and public referenda and to be eligible for election to all publicly elected bodies;
 
(三)参加有关本国公共和政治等科学研究的非政府组织和协会。

(b) To participate in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform all public functions at all levels of government;
 

(c) To participate in non-governmental organizations and associations concerned with the public and political life of the country.
 第八条

 
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施,保证妇女在与男子平等不受任何歧视的条件下,有机会在国际上代表本国政府和参加各国际组织的工作。
Article 8 

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure to women, on equal terms with men and without any discrimination, the opportunity to represent their Governments at the international level and to participate in the work of international organizations.
 第九条

 
一、缔约各国应给予妇女与男子有取得、改变或保留国籍的同等权利。缔约各国应特别保证、与外国人结婚或于婚姻存续期间丈夫变国籍均不当然改变妻子的国籍,使她成为无国籍人,或把丈夫的国籍强加于她。
Article 9 
二、缔约各国在关于子女的国籍方面,应给予妇女与男子平等的权利。

1. States Parties shall grant women equal rights with men to acquire, change or retain their nationality. They shall ensure in particular that neither marriage to an alien nor change of nationality by the husband during marriage shall automatically change the nationality of the wife, render her stateless or force upon her the nationality of the husband.
 
第三部分

2. States Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with respect to the nationality of their children.
 

PART III
 第十条

 
缔约各国应采取一切适当措施以消除对妇女的歧视,以保证妇女在教育方面享有与男子平等的权利,特别是在男女平等的基础上保证:
Article 10 
(一)在各类教育机构,不论具在城市或农村,在专业和职业辅导、取得学习机会和文凭等方面都有相同的条件,在学前教育、普遍教育、技术、专业和高等技术教育以及各种职业培训方面,都应保证这种平等;

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in order to ensure to them equal rights with men in the field of education and in particular to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women:
 
(二)课程、考试、师资的标准、校舍和设备的质量一律相同;

(a) The same conditions for career and vocational guidance, for access to studies and for the achievement of diplomas in educational establishments of all categories in rural as well as in urban areas; this equality shall be ensured in pre-school, general, technical, professional and higher technical education, as well as in all types of vocational training;
......
 
(三)为消除在各级和各种方式的教育中对男女任务的任何定型观念,应鼓励实行男女同校和其他有助于实现这个目的的教育形式,并特别应修订教科书和课程以及相应地修改教学方法;
......

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