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Law of the People's Republic of China On the People's Bank of China [Revised]
中华人民共和国中国人民银行法 [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

 
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China 

中华人民共和国主席令


(No. 46)
 
(第四十六号)


The Law of the People's Republic of China On the People's Bank of China, as adopted at the Third Session of the Eighth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 18, 1995, is hereby issued, and shall be implemented as of the date of its promulgation.
 
《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》已由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会第三次会议于1995年3月18日通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。

President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin
 
中华人民共和国主席 江泽民

March 18, 1995
 
1995年3月18日

Law of the People's Republic of China On the People's Bank of China
 
中华人民共和国中国人民银行法

(Adopted at the Third Session of the Eighth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 18, 1995)
 
(1995年3月18日第八届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过)

 
CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS 

第一章 总则


 
Article 1 This law is formulated for the purpose of establishing the status and functions of People's Bank of China (PBC), ensuring the correct formulation and implementation of the State monetary policies, insituting and perfecting a macro-control system through the central bank and strengthening supervision and administration over the banking industry.   第一条 为了确立中国人民银行的地位和职责,保证国家货币政策的正确制定和执行,建立和完善中央银行宏观调控体系,加强对金融业的监督管理,制定本法。

 
Article 2 PBC is the central bank of the People's Republic of China. As the central bank, PBC shall formulate and implement monetary policies and exercise supervision and control over the banking industry in the country under the leadership of the State Council.   第二条 中国人民银行是中华人民共和国的中央银行。

 
中国人民银行在国务院领导下,制定和实施货币政策,对金融业实施监督管理。

 
Article 3 The aim of monetary policies is to maintain the stability of the value of the currency and thereby promote economic growth.   第三条 货币政策目标是保持货币币值的稳定,并以此促进经济增长。

 
Article 4 PBC shall perform the following functions:   第四条 中国人民银行履行下列职责:

 
(1) formulate and implement monetary policies in accordance with the law; (一)依法制定和执行货币政策;

 
(2) issue Renminbi (RMB) and control its circulation; (二)发行人民币,管理人民币流通;

 
(3) examine, approve, supervise and administer banking institutions in accordance with regulations; (三)按照规定审批、监督管理金融机构;

 
(4) supervise and control the financial market in accordance with regulations; (四)按照规定监督管理金融市场;

 
(5) promulgate ordinances and rules concerning financial administration and business; (五)发布有关金融监督管理和业务的命令和规章;

 
(6) hold, administer and manage the State foreign exchange reserve and bullion reserve; (六)持有、管理、经营国家外汇储备、黄金储备;

 
(7) manage the State treasury; (七)经理国库;

 
(8) maintain the normal operation of the systems for making payments and settling accounts; (八)维护支付、清算系统的正常运行;

 
(9) be responsible for statistics, investigation, analysis and forecasting for the banking industry; (九)负责金融业的统计、调查、分析和预测;

 
(10) engage in relevant international banking operations in its capacity as the central bank of the State; and (十)作为国家的中央银行,从事有关的国际金融活动;

 
(11) other functions assigned to it by the State Council. In order to implement monetary policies, PBC may carry out financial operations in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chapter 4 of this law. (十一)国务院规定的其他职责。

 
中国人民银行为执行货币政策,可以依照本法第四章的有关规定从事金融业务活动。

 
Article 5 PBC shall report its decisions concerning the annual supply of banknotes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and other major issues specified by the State Council to the State Council for approval before implementation. PBC shall immediately carry out decisions on matters concerning monetary policies, but not specified in the preceding parapraph, and report them to the State Council for the record.   第五条 中国人民银行就年度货币供应量、利率、汇率和国务院规定的其他重要事项作出的决定,报国务院批准后执行。

 
中国人民银行就前款规定以外的其他有关货币政策事项作出决定后,即予执行,并报国务院备案。

 
Article 6 PBC shall submit to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress an annual report on monetary policies and the supervision and administration of the financial affairs.   第六条 中国人民银行应当向全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出有关货币政策情况和金融监督管理情况的工作报告。

 
Article 7 PBC shall, under the leadership of the State Council, independently implement monetary policies, perform its functions and carry out its operations according to law free from any intervention by local governments or government departments at all levels, public organizations or individuals.   第七条 中国人民银行在国务院领导下依法独立执行货币政策,履行职责,开展业务,不受地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人的干涉。

 
Article 8 All capital of the PBC is allocated by the State and owned by the State.   第八条 中国人民银行的全部资本由国家出资,属于国家所有。

 
CHAPTER TWO ORGANIZATION 

第二章 组织机构


 
Article 9 PBC shall have a governor and a certain number of deputy governors.   第九条 中国人民银行设行长一人,副行长若干人。

The governor of PBC shall be nominated by the Premier of the State Council, and affirmed by the National People's Congress for the post but whereas the National People's Congress is not in session, affirmed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and appointed or removed by the president of the People's Republic of China for the post. The deputy governors of the PBC shall be appointed or removed by the Premier of the State Council.
 
中国人民银行行长的人选,根据国务院总理的提名,由全国人民代表大会决定;全国人民代表大会闭会期间,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定,由中华人民共和国主席任免。中国人民银行副行长由国务院总理任免。

 
Article 10 PBC shall institute a system in which the governor assumes the full responsibility. The governor shall direct the work of PBC and the deputy governors shall direct the work of PBC and the deputy governors shall assist the governor in his/her work.   第十条 中国人民银行实行行长负责制。行长领导中国人民银行的工作,副行长协助行长工作。

 
Article 11 PBC shall establish a monetary policy committee whose functions, composition and working procedures shall be prescribed by the State Council and reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.   第十一条 中国人民银行设立货币政策委员会。货币政策委员会的职责、组成和工作程序,由国务院规定,报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

 
Article 12 PBC shall, for performing its functions, establish branches as its representative organs and exercise centralized and unified leadership and control over those branches.   第十二条 中国人民银行根据履行职责的需要设立分支机构,作为中国人民银行的派出机构。中国人民银行对分支机构实行集中统一领导和管理。

The branches of the PBC, after authorized by the Bank, shall be responsible for the supervision and control of the banking operations and for handling relevant business operations in the areas under their respective jurisdiction.
 
中国人民银行的分支机构根据中国人民银行的授权,负责本辖区的金融监督管理,承办有关业务。

 
Article 13 The governor, deputy governors and other staff of PBC shall be diligent in carrying out their functions, refrain from abuse of power, malpractices for gaining private interests, or holding posts concurrently in any other banking institution, enterprise or foundation.   第十三条 中国人民银行的行长、副行长及其他工作人员应当恪尽职守,不得滥用职权、徇私舞弊,不得在任何金融机构、企业、基金会兼职。

 
Article 14 The governor, deputy governors and other staff of PBC shall keep State secrets according to law and be obligated to keep secrets of the banking institutions and the clients under their supervision and control.   第十四条 中国人民银行的行长、副行长及其他工作人员,应当依法保守国家秘密,并有责任为其监督管理的金融机构及有关当事人保守秘密。

 
CHAPTER THREE RENMINBI 

第三章 人民币


 
Article 15 The legal tender of the PBC is Renminbi (RMB). Renminbi shall be used for repaying all public or private debts according to its face value within the territory of the People's Republic of China and not be whatsoever rejected by any organization or individual.   第十五条 中华人民共和国的法定货币是人民币。以人民币支付中华人民共和国境内的一切公共的和私人的债务,任何单位和个人不得拒收。

 
Article 16 The basic unit of Renminbi is the yuan and the units of fractional currency of Renminbi are the jiao and the fen.   第十六条 人民币的单位为元,人民币辅币单位为角、分。

 
Article 17 Renminbi shall be printed, minted and issued solely by PBC.   第十七条 人民币由中国人民银行统一印制、发行。

PBC shall make public announcement of the issuing date, face values, designs, patterns and specifications of a new Renminbi issue.
 
中国人民银行发行新版人民币,应当将发行时间、面额、图案、式样、规格予以公告。

 
Article 18 Any counterfeiting, altering or illegal printing or minting of Renminbi is prohibited. Selling or buying counterfeit or altered Renminbi is prohibited. Transportation, possession or use of counterfeit, altered or illegally printed or minted Renminbi is prohibited. Deliberate damaging of Renminbi is prohibited. Illegal use of the image of Renminbi in propaganda materials, publications or other commodities is prohibited.   第十八条 禁止伪造、变造人民币。禁止出售、购买伪造、变造的人民币。禁止运输、持有、使用伪造、变造的人民币。禁止故意毁损人民币。禁止在宣传品、出版物或者其他商品上非法使用人民币图样。

 
Article 19 No organization or individual may print or issue promissory notes as substitutes for Renminbi to circulate on the open market.   第十九条 任何单位和个人不得印制、发售代币票券,以代替人民币在市场上流通。

 
Article 20 The damaged or soiled Renminbi shall be exchanged in accordance with the regulations of PBC and PBC shall be responsible for collecting and destroying the aforesaid Renminbi.   第二十条 残缺、污损的人民币,按照中国人民银行的规定兑换,并由中国人民银行负责收回、销毁。

 
Article 21 PBC shall establish a Renminbi issue treasury and its branches shall establish subsidiary issue treasuries. The subidiary issue treasuries shall, in allocating Renminbi issue funds, act on the order of allocation from their superior treasury. No organization or individual may use the issue fund in violation of the relevant regulations.   第二十一条 中国人民银行设立人民币发行库,在其分支机构设立分支库。分支库调拨人民币发行基金,应当按照上级库的调拨命令办理。任何单位和个人不得违反规定,动用发行基金。

 
CHAPTER FOUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS 

第四章 业务


 
Article 22 PBC may use the following instruments to implement the monetary policies;   第二十二条 中国人民银行为执行货币政策,可以运用下列货币政策工具:

 
(1) reserve fund at a required ratio deposited in PBC by banking institutions under demand; (一)要求金融机构按照规定的比例交存存款准备金;

 
(2) base interest rates fixed by the central bank; (二)确定中央银行基准利率;

 
(3) rediscount for banking institutions which have opened accounts in PBC; (三)为在中国人民银行开立帐户的金融机构办理再贴现;

 
(4) provision of loans for commercial banks; (四)向商业银行提供贷款;

 
(5) deals in State bonds and other government bonds and foreign exchange on the open market; and (五)在公开市场上买卖国债和其他政府债券及外汇;

 
(6) other monetary policy instruments defined by the State Council. PBC may work out the specific conditions and procedures when applying the monetary policy instruments set forth in the preceding clauses to implement monetary policies. (六)国务院确定的其他货币政策工具。

 
中国人民银行为执行货币政策,运用前款所列货币政策工具时,可以规定具体的条件和程序。

 
Article 23 PBC shall manage the State treasury in accordance with the laws and administrative rules and regulations.   第二十三条 中国人民银行依照法律、行政法规的规定经理国库。

 
Article 24 PBC may issue government bonds to banking institutions and organize to exchange government bonds on behalf of the financial department of the State Council.   第二十四条 中国人民银行可以代理国务院财政部门向各金融机构组织发行、兑付国债和其他政府债券。

 
Article 25 PBC may open accounts for banking institutions as needed, but may not overdraw the accounts of the banking institutions,   第二十五条 中国人民银行可以根据需要,为金融机构开立帐户,但不得对金融机构的帐户透支。

 
Article 26 PBC shall organize or assist in organizing banking institutions in settling inter-institutional accounts, coordinating such activities and providing such services. PBC shall work at specific procedures for such operation.   第二十六条 中国人民银行应当组织或者协助组织金融机构相互之间的清算系统,协调金融机构相互之间的清算事项,提供清算服务。具体办法由中国人民银行规定。

 
Article 27 PBC may, for the implementation of monetary policies, determine the amounts, repayment schedules, rates of interest and forms of loans to commercial banks, but the time limit for such loans shall not exceed one year.   第二十七条 中国人民银行根据执行货币政策的需要,可以决定对商业银行贷款的数额、期限、利率和方式,但贷款的期限不得超过一年。

 
Article 28 PBC must not give any overdrawal in exceeding financial budget of the government or directly subscribe to or act as sole sales agent for State bonds and other government bonds.   第二十八条 中国人民银行不得对政府财政透支,不得直接认购、包销国债和其他政府债券。

 
Article 29 PBC must not provide loans to the local governments, governmental departments of various levels, non-bank financial institutions and other organizations or individuals except to non-bank financial institutions specially permitted by the State Council. PBC must not act as financial guarantor for any organization or individual.   第二十九条 中国人民银行不得向地方政府、各级政府部门提供贷款,不得向非银行金融机构以及其他单位和个人提供贷款,但国务院决定中国人民银行可以向特定的非银行金融机构提供贷款的除外。

 
中国人民银行不得向任何单位和个人提供担保。

 
CHAPTER FIVE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OVER THE BANKING INDUSTRY 

第五章 金融监督管理


 
Article 30 PBC shall, in accordance with the law, exercise supervision and control over banking institutions and their business operations to maintain the legitimate, stable and sound operation of the banking industry.   第三十条 中国人民银行依法对金融机构及其业务实施监督管理,维护金融业的合法、稳健运行。

 
Article 31 PBC shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, examine and approve the establishment, change, termination and scope of business of a banking institution.   第三十一条 中国人民银行按照规定审批金融机构的设立、变更、终止及其业务范围。

 
Article 32 PBC shall have the power to audit, check and supervise at any time the deposits, loans, account settling, bad debts and other business affairs of banking institutions.   第三十二条 中国人民银行有权对金融机构的存款、贷款、结算、吊帐等情况随时进行稽核、检查监督。

PBC shall have the power to check and supervise the raising or lowering of interest rates on deposits or loans by banking institutions in violation of regulations.
 
中国人民银行有权对金融机构违反规定提高或者降低存款利率、贷款利率的行为进行检查监督。

 
Article 33 PBC shall have the power to demand banking institutions to submit balance sheets of their assets, statements of profit and loss and other financial and accounting reports and materials in pursuance of regulations.   第三十三条 中国人民银行有权要求金融机构按照规定报送资产负债表、损益表以及其他财务会计报表和资料。

 
Article 34 PBC shall be responsible for compiling comprehensive statistics and accounting statements for the national banking system and for publishing them in accordance with relevant State provisions.   第三十四条 中国人民银行银行负责统一编制全国金融统计数据、报表,并按照国家有关规定予以公布。

 
Article 35 PBC shall guide and supervise the business operations of the State banks responsible for implementing State policies.   第三十五条 中国人民银行对国家政策性银行的金融业务,进行指导和监督。

 
Article 36 PBC shall establish and perfect auditing and checking system for and strengthen its control over the banking system.   第三十六条 中国人民银行应当建立、健全本系统的稽核、检查制度,加强内的监督管理。

 
CHAPTER SIX FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING 

第六章 财务会计


 
Article 37 PBC shall exercise independent control over its financial budget.   第三十七条 中国人民银行实行独立的财务预算管理制度。

The budget of PBC shall be incorporated in the central budget after it has been examined and verified by the financial department of the State Council.
 
中国人民银行的预算经国务院财政部门审核后,纳入中央预算,接受国务院财政部门的预算执行监督。

 
Article 38 PBC shall turn over to the State treasury the entire net profit from its every accounting fiscal yearly income minus annual expenditures after withdrawing funds for its general reserve at a proportion determined by the financial department of the State Council.   第三十八条 中国人民银行每一会计年度的收入减除该年度支出,并按照国务院财政部门核定的比例提取总准备金后的净利润,全部上缴中央财政。

Losses sustained by PBC shall be offset by State allocations.
 
中国人民银行的亏损由中央财政拨款弥补。

 
Article 39 PBC shall abide by the laws, administrative rules and regulations and the unified State accounting system in managing its revenue and expenditures and in accounting and be subject to the respective auditing and supervision of the audit institution and the financial department of the State Council in pursuance of the law.   第三十九条 中国人民银行的财务收支和会计事务,应当执行法律、行政法规和国家统一的财务会计制度,接受国务院审计机关和财政部门依法分别进行的审计和监督。

 
Article 40 PBC shall, within three months after the end of every fiscal year, complete balance sheets of its assets, statement of profit and loss and relevant accounting reports, prepare its annual report and publish them in accordance with relevant regulations of the State.   第四十条 中国人民银行应当于每一会计年度结束后的三个月内,编制资产负债表、损益表和相关的财务会计报表,并编制年度报告,按照国家有关规定予以公布。

The fiscal year of the PBC begins on the first of January and ends on the thirty-first of December of the Gregorian calendar.
 
中国人民银行的会计年度自公历1月1日起至12月31日止。

 
CHAPTER SEVEN LEGAL LIABILITIES 

第七章 法律责任


 
Article 41 Anyone who illegally prints or mints Renminbi, sells counterfeit Renminbi, or knowingly transports counterfeit money or illegally printed or minted money shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law.   第四十一条 伪造人民币、出售伪造的人民币或者明知是伪造的人民币而运输的,依法追究刑事责任。

Anyone who alters Renminbi or sells altered Renminbi or knowingly transports altered Renminbi shall, if the case constitutes a crime, be investigated for criminal responsibilities and shall, if the circumstances are not serious enough, be punished by the public security organ with a detention of no more than 15 days and a fine of no more than RMB 5,000.
 
变造人民币、出售变造的人民币或者明知是变造的人民币而运输,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;情节轻微的,由公安机关处十五日以下拘留、五千元以下罚款。

 
Article 42 Anyone who buys counterfeit or altered Renminbi or knowingly holds or uses counterfeit or altered or illegally printed or minted Renminbi shall, if the case constitutes a crime, be investigated for criminal responsibilities and shall, if the circumstances are not serious enough, be punished by the public security organ with a detention of no more than 15 days and a fine of no more than RMB 5,000.   第四十二条 购买伪造、变造的人民币或者明知是伪造、变造的人民币而持有、使用,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;情节轻微的,由公安机关处十五日以下拘留、五千元以下罚款。

 
Article 43 In the event that anyone illegally uses the image of Renminbi in propaganda materials, publications or other commodities, PBC shall order to make corrections and destroy the illegally used image of Renminbi, confiscate any income illegally obtained and impose a fine of no more than RMB50,000.   第四十三条 在宣传品、出版物或者其他商品上非法使用人民币图样的,中国人民银行应当责令改正,并销毁非法使用的人民币图样,没收违法所得,并处五万元以下罚款。

 
Article 44 In the event that anyone prints or sells promissory notes as substitutes for Renminbi for circulation on the open market, PBC shall order to cease the illegal practice and impose a fine of no more than RMB 200,000.   第四十四条 印制、发售代币票券,以代替人民币在市场上流通的,中国人民银行应当责令停止违法行为,并处二十万元以下罚款。

 
Article 45 In the event that anyone violates the laws or administrative rules or regulations regarding administration of banking, PBC shall order to cease the illegal practice and give administrative sanctions in accordance with the law; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibilities shall be affixed.   第四十五条 违反法律、行政法规有关金融监督管理规定的,中国人民银行应当责令停止违法行为,并依法给予行政处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 46 Upon refusal to administrative punishments, administrative procedures shall be taken in accordance with the "Administrative Procedures Law of the People's Republic of China".   第四十六条 当事人对行政处罚不服的,可以依照《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定提起行政诉讼。

 
Article 47 Whereas PBC commits any of the following acts, the person directly in charge and other persons held directly responsible shall be subject to administrative punishments; if the case constitutes a crime, crinimal responsibilities shall be affixed in accordance with the law:   第四十七条 中国人民银行有下列行为之一的,对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法法追究刑事责任:

 
(1) violate the stipulations in clause 1 of Article 29; (一)违反本法第二十九条第一款的规定提供贷款的;

 
(2) provide financial guarantee for a unit or an individual; or (二)对单位和个人提供担保的;

 
(3) use the currency issue fund without authorization. (三)擅自动用发行基金的。

Whereas the aforesaid acts result in losses, the person directly in charge and other persons held directly responsible shall bear part of or all the liabilities for compensation.
 
有前款所列行为之一,造成损失的,负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员应当承担部分或者全部赔偿责任。

 
Article 48 Whereas a local government or any other administrative organ, public organization or individual coerces PBC and its functionaries into providing loans or guarantee in violation of Article 29 of this law, the person directly in charge and other persons directly responsible shall be subject to administrative punishments in accordance with the law; if the case constitutes a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law and shall bear part of or all the liabilities for compensation for any resultant losses.   第四十八条 地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人强令中国人民银行及其工作人员违反本法第二十九条的规定提供贷款或者担保的,对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;造成损失的,应当承担部分或者全部赔偿责任。

 
Article 49 Any functionary of PBC who divulges any State secret shall, if the case constitutes a crime, be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law; if the circumstances are not serious enough, he/she shall be subject to administrative punishments according to law.   第四十九条 中国人民银行的工作人员泄露国家秘密,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;情节轻微的,依法给予行政处分。

 
Article 50 Any functionary of the PBC who commits embezzlement, bribery, malpractices for personal gain, abuse of powers, or neglect of duties shall, if the case constitutes a crime, be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law; if the circumstances are not serious enough, be subject to administrative punishments according to law.   第五十条 中国人民银行的工作人员贪污受贿、徇私舞弊、滥用职权、玩忽职守,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;情节轻微的,依法给予行政处分。

 
CHAPTER EIGHT APPENDIX 

第八章 附则


 
Article 51 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of its promulgation.   第五十一条 本法自公布之日起施行。
 
     
     
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