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| ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
(No. 84) | |
（第八十四号） |
The Law of the People's Republic of China on National Defence, adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 14, 1997, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. | |
《中华人民共和国国防法》已由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议于１９９７年３月１４日通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。 |
Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China | |
中华人民共和国主席江泽民 |
March 14, 1997 | |
１９９７年３月１４日 |
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON NATIONAL DEFENCE | |
中华人民共和国国防法 |
(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National people's Congress on March 14, 1997) | |
（１９９７年３月１４日第八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过） |
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| CONTENTS | | 目录 |
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| CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS | | 第一章 总则 |
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| CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF STATE ORGANS IN NATIONAL DEFENCE | | 第二章 国家机构的国防职权 |
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| CHAPTER III THE ARMED FORCES | | 第三章 武装力量 |
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| CHAPTER IV DEFENCE OF THE FRONTIERS, SEAS AND AIR SPACE | | 第四章 边防、海防和空防 |
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| CHAPTER V DEFENCE RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION AND ORDERS FOR MILITARY SUPPLIES | | 第五章 国防科研生产和军事订货 |
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| CHAPTER VI DEFENCE EXPENDITURES AND ASSETS | | 第六章 国防经费和国防资产 |
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| CHAPTER VII DEFENCE EDUCATION | | 第七章 国防教育 |
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| CHAPTER VIII DEFENCE MOBILIZATION AND STATE OF WAR | | 第八章 国防动员和战争状态 |
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| CHAPTER IX OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS REGARDING NATIONAL DEFENCE | | 第九章 公民、组织的国防义务和权利 |
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| CHAPTER X OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF SERVICEMEN | | 第十章 军人的义务和权益 |
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| CHAPTER XI FOREIGN MILITARY RELATIONS | | 第十一章 对外军事关系 |
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| CHAPTER XII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS | | 第十二章 附则 |
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| CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS | | 第一章 总则 |
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| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of building up and Consolidating national defence and ensuring the smooth progress of the socialist modernization drive. | | 第一条 为了建设和巩固国防，保障社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行，根据宪法，制定本法。 |
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| Article 2 This Law is applicable to military activities conducted by the State to prepare against and resist aggression, thwart armed subversion, safeguard the sovereignty, unification, territorial integrity and security of the State, as well as military-related activities in the political, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technological and educational fields. | | 第二条 国家为防备和抵抗侵略，制止武装颠覆，保卫国家的主权、统一、领土完整和安全所进行的军事活动，以及与军事有关的政治、经济、外交、科技、教育等方面的活动，适用本法。 |
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| Article 3 National defence provides the safeguard for the survival and development of the country. | | 第三条 国防是国家生存与发展的安全保障。 |
The State reinforces its armed forces and the defence of its frontiers, seas and air space, develops defence research and production, makes defence education universal among all citizens, improves the mobilization system and modernizes national defence. | |
国家加强武装力量建设和边防、海防、空防建设，发展国防科研生产，普及全民国防教育，完善动员体制，实现国防现代化。 |
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| Article 4 The State independently builds and consolidates national defence by relying on its own efforts, practises the strategy of active defence and adheres to the principle of self-defence by the entire people. | | 第四条 国家独立自主、自力更生地建设和巩固国防，实行积极防御战略，坚持全民自卫原则。 |
While concentrating its efforts on developing the economy, the State shall build up national defence and promote the coordinated development of both. | |
国家在集中力量进行经济建设的同时，加强国防建设，促进国防建设与经济建设协调发展。 |
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| Article 5 The State exercises unified leadership over activities involving national defence. | | 第五条 国家对国防活动实行统一的领导。 |
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| Article 6 It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to defend the motherland and resist aggression. | | 第六条 保卫祖国、抵抗侵略是中华人民共和国每一个公民的神圣职责。 |
Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall perform their obligations regarding national defence in accordance with law. | |
中华人民共和国公民应当依法履行国防义务。 |
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| Article 7 The State and society respect and render preferential treatment to servicemen, protect their lawful rights and interests and carry out activities in various forms to support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen. | | 第七条 国家和社会尊重、优待军人，保护军人的合法权益，开展各种形式的拥军优属活动。 |
The Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall carry out activities to support the government and cherish the people, in order to strengthen unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people. | |
中国人民解放军和中国人民武装警察部队开展拥政爱民活动，加强军政、军民团结。 |
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| Article 8 The People's Republic of China, in its military relations with other countries, safeguards world peace and opposes acts of aggression and expansion. | | 第八条 中华人民共和国在对外军事关系中，维护世界和平，反对侵略扩张行为。 |
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| Article 9 The State and society commend and award, in various forms, the organizations and individuals that have made contributions in activities of national defence. | | 第九条 国家和社会对在国防活动中作出贡献的组织和个人，采取各种形式给予表彰和奖励。 |
Organizations and individuals that, in violation of this Law and other relevant laws, refuse to fulfil their obligations regarding national defence or jeopardize the interests of national defence shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. | |
违反本法和有关法律，拒绝履行国防义务或者危害国防利益的，依法追究法律责任。 |
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| CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF STATE ORGANS IN NATIONAL DEFENCE | | 第二章 国家机构的国防职权 |
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| Article 10 The National People's Congress, pursuant to the Constitution, decides on issues of war and peace and exercises other functions and powers in respect of national defence as stipulated by the Constitution. | | 第十条 全国人民代表大会依照宪法规定，决定战争和和平的问题，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。 |
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, pursuant to the Constitution, decides on the proclamation of a state of war, and on general or partial mobilization of the nation and exercises other functions and powers in respect of national defence as stipulated by the Constitution. | |
全国人民代表大会常务委员会依照宪法规定，决定战争状态的宣布，决定全国总动员或者局部动员，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。 |
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| Article 11 The President of the People's Republic of China, in pursuance of the decisions of the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee, proclaims a state of war, issues mobilization orders and exercises other functions and powers in respect of national defence as stipulated by the Constitution. | | 第十一条 中华人民共和国主席根据全国人民代表大会的决定和全国人民代表大会常务委员会的决定，宣布战争状态，发布动员令，并行使宪法规定的国防方面的其他职权。 |
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| Article 12 The State Council directs and administers the building up of national defence and exercises the following functions and powers: | | 第十二条 国务院领导和管理国防建设事业，行使下列职权： |
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| (1) to draw up development programmes and plans for the building up of national defence; | | （一）编制国防建设发展规划和计划； |
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| (2) to formulate principles, policies and administrative rules and regulations in respect of the building up of national defence; | | （二）制定国防建设方面的方针、政策和行政法规； |
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| (3) to direct and administer defence research and production; | | （三）领导和管理国防科研生产； |
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| (4) to administer defence expenditures and assets; | | （四）管理国防经费和国防资产； |
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| (5) to direct and administer national economy mobilization and other related work in the fields of mobilization of the people for defence purposes, civil air defence and defence communications; | | （五）领导和管理国民经济动员工作和人民武装动员、人民防空、国防交通等方面的有关工作； |
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| (6) to direct and administer the work of supporting the army and rendering preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and the work of making arrangements for demobilized servicemen; | | （六）领导和管理拥军优属工作和退出现役的军人的安置工作； |
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| (7) to direct the work of defence education; | | （七）领导国防教育工作； |
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| (8) to exercise leadership jointly with the Central Military Commission over the building of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and the Militia, the work of enlistment and reserve service and the administration of defence of the frontiers, seas and air space; and | | （八）与中央军事委员会共同领导中国人民武装警察部队、民兵的建设和征兵、预备役工作以及边防、海防、空防的管理工作； |
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| (9) other functions and powers relating to the building up of national defence as prescribed by law. | | （九）法律规定的与国防建设事业有关的其他职权。 |
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| Article 13 The Central Military Commission directs all the armed forces of the country and exercises the following functions and powers: | | 第十三条 中央军事委员会领导全国武装力量，行使下列职权： |
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| (1) to exercise unified command of all the armed forces of the country; | | （一）统一指挥全国武装力量； |
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| (2) to decide on military strategies and form concepts of operations for the armed forces; | | （二）决定军事战略和武装力量的作战方针； |
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| (3) to direct and administer the building of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, formulate programmes and plans and arrange for their implementation; | | （三）领导和管理中国人民解放军的建设，制定规划、计划并组织实施； |
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| (4) to submit bills or proposals to the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee; | | （四）向全国人民代表大会或者全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出议案； |
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| (5) to enact military rules and regulations, and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and law; | | （五）根据宪法和法律，制定军事法规，发布决定和命令； |
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| (6) to decide on the system and organization for the Chinese People's Liberation Army and prescribe the tasks and powers and duties of the general departments, major military commands, services and arms and other units at the level of a major military command; | | （六）决定中国人民解放军的体制和编制，规定总部以及军区、军兵种和其他军区级单位的任务和职责； |
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| (7) to appoint, remove, train, appraise, award and punish members of the armed forces in accordance with law and military rules and regulations; | | （七）依照法律、军事法规的规定，任免、培训、考核和奖惩武装力量成员； |
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| (8) to approve the system, development programmes and plans for weapons and equipment of the armed forces, and to work together with the State Council in directing and administering defence research and production; | | （八）批准武装力量的武器装备体制和武器装备发展规划、计划，协同国务院领导和管理国防科研生产； |
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| (9) to administer defence expenditures and assets jointly with the State Council; and | | （九）会同国务院管理国防经费和国防资产； |
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| (10) other functions and powers as prescribed by law. | | （十）法律规定的其他职权。 |
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| Article 14 The State Council and the Central Military Commission may, when necessary, convene a coordination meeting to solve problems relating to national defence. Implementation of the decisions adopted at the meeting shall be arranged by the State Council and the Central Military Commission within the scope of their respective functions and powers. | | 第十四条 国务院和中央军事委员会可以根据情况召开协调会议，解决国防事务的有关问题。会议议定的事项，由国务院和中央军事委员会在各自的职权范围内组织实施。 |
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| Article 15 Local people's congresses at various levels and the standing committees of the local people's congresses at or above the county level shall, within their own administrative regions, see to it that the laws, rules and regulations regarding national defence are observed and executed. | | 第十五条 地方各级人民代表大会和县级以上地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会在本行政区域内，保证有关国防事务的法律、法规的遵守和执行。 |
Local people's governments at various levels shall, within the limits of power prescribed by law and within their respective administrative regions, be in charge of the work of enlistment, the militia, reserve service, defence education, national economy mobilization, civil air defence, defence communications, protection of defence installations, arrangement for demobilized servicemen and supporting the army and rendering preferential treatment to the families of servicemen. | |
地方各级人民政府依照法律规定的权限，管理本行政区域内的征兵、民兵、预备役、国防教育、国民经济动员、人民防空、国防交通、国防设施保护、退出现役的军人的安置和拥军优属等工作。 |
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| Article 16 Local people's governments at various levels and military organs stationed in the areas may, when necessary, convene a joint military-civilian meeting to coordinate their efforts to solve problems relating to national defence within their respective administrative regions. | | 第十六条 地方各级人民政府和驻地军事机关根据需要召开军地联席会议，协调解决本行政区域内有关国防事务的问题。 |
A joint military-civilian meeting shall be convened by leading members of the local people's government and the military organ stationed in that area. Participants of a joint military-civilian meeting shall be decided on by conveners of the meeting. | |
军地联席会议由地方人民政府的负责人和驻地军事机关的负责人共同召集。军地联席会议的参加人员由会议召集人确定。 |
Decisions adopted at a joint military-civilian meeting shall be executed by the local people's government and the military organ stationed in the area within their respective limits of power. Decisions on major issues shall be reported respectively to the authorities at higher levels. | |
军地联席会议议定的事项，由地方人民政府和驻地军事机关依照各自的权限办理，重大事项应当分别向上级报告。 |
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| CHAPTER III THE ARMED FORCES | | 第三章 武装力量 |
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| Article 17 The armed forces of the People's Republic of China belong to the people. Their tasks are to consolidate national defence, resist agression, defend the motherland, safeguard the people's peaceful labour, participate in national construction and serve the people whole- heartedly. | | 第十七条 中华人民共和国的武装力量属于人民。它的任务是巩固国防，抵抗侵略，保卫祖国，保卫人民的和平劳动，参加国家建设事业，全心全意为人民服务。 |
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| Article 18 The armed forces of the People's Republic of China must observe the Constitution and law, and they must administer their affairs according to law. | | 第十八条 中华人民共和国的武装力量必须遵守宪法和法律，坚持依法治军。 |
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| Article 19 The armed forces of the People's Republic of China is subject to the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The organizations of the Chinese Communist Party in the armed forces shall carry out their activities in accordance with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China. | | 第十九条 中华人民共和国的武装力量受中国共产党领导。武装力量中的中国共产党组织依照中国共产党章程进行活动。 |
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| Article 20 The State strengthens revolutionization, modernization and regularization of the armed forces to increase defence capability. | | 第二十条 国家加强武装力量的革命化、现代化、正规化建设，增强国防力量。 |
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| Article 21 The armed forces of the People's Republic of China shall adapt themselves to modern warfare, by intensifying military training, conducting political work, raising logistics level and enhancing combat effectiveness in an all-round way. | | 第二十一条 中华人民共和国的武装力量应当适应现代战争的要求，加强军事训练，开展政治工作，提高保障水平，全面提高战斗力。 |
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| Article 22 The armed forces of the People's Republic of China are composed of the active and reserve forces of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and the Militia. | | 第二十二条 中华人民共和国的武装力量，由中国人民解放军现役部队和预备役部队、中国人民武装警察部队、民兵组成。 |
The active components of the Chinese People's Liberation Army constitute the standing force of the State and mainly shoulders the task of defence operations and may, when necessary, assist in maintaining public order in accordance with the provisions of law. | |
中国人民解放军现役部队是国家的常备军，主要担负防卫作战任务，必要时可以依照法律规定协助维护社会秩序；预备役部队平时按照规定进行训练，必要时可以依照法律规定协助维护社会秩序，战时根据国家发布的动员令转为现役部队。 |
The reserve components shall, in peacetime, undergo training in accordance with regulations and may, when necessary, assist in maintaining public order in accordance with the provisions of law and, in wartime, shall be turned into active components according to the mobilization order issued by the State. | |
中国人民武装警察部队在国务院、中央军事委员会的领导指挥下，担负国家赋予的安全保卫任务，维护社会秩序。 |
The Chinese People's Armed Police Force, under the leadership and command of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, shoulders the tasks of security and maintenance of public order, as entrusted by the State. The Militia, under the command of military organs, shoulders the tasks of preparations against war and defence operations and assists in maintaining public order. | |
民兵在军事机关的指挥下，担负战备勤务、防卫作战任务，协助维护社会秩序。 |
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| Article 23 The size of the armed forces of the People's Republic of China shall be such as to meet the need of safeguarding the security and interests of the State. | | 第二十三条 中华人民共和国武装力量的规模应当与保卫国家安全和利益的需要相适应。 |
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| Article 24 Military service of the People's Republic of China comprises an active service and a reserve service. The service system for servicemen and for reservists shall be prescribed by law. | | 第二十四条 中华人民共和国的兵役分为现役和预备役。现役军人和预备役人员的服役制度由法律规定。 |
The State, in accordance with the provisions of law, applies a system of military ranks among both servicemen and reservists. | |
国家依照法律规定对现役军人和预备役人员实行衔级制度。 |
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| Article 25 The State forbids any organization or individual to establish any armed organization in violation of law, forbids illegal armed activities and forbids anyone to pass himself off as a serviceman or any unit to pass itself off as an organization of the armed forces. | | 第二十五条 国家禁止任何组织或者个人非法建立武装组织，禁止非法武装活动，禁止冒充现役军人或者武装力量组织。 |
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| CHAPTER IV DEFENCE OF THE FRONTIERS, SEAS AND AIR SPACE | | 第四章 边防、海防和空防 |
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| Article 26 The territorial land, inland waters, territorial seas and territorial air space of the People's Republic of China are inviolable. The State reinforces the defence of the frontiers, seas and air space and adopts effective defence and control measures to defend the security of the territorial land, inland waters, territorial seas and territorial air space and safeguard the maritime rights and interests of the country. | | 第二十六条 中华人民共和国的领陆、内水、领海、领空神圣不可侵犯。国家加强边防、海防和空防建设，采取有效的防卫和管理措施，保卫领陆、内水、领海、领空的安全，维护国家海洋权益。 |
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| Article 27 The Central Military Commission exercises unified leadership over the defence of the frontiers, seas and air space. | | 第二十七条 中央军事委员会统一领导边防、海防和空防的防卫工作。 |
Local people's governments at various levels, the relevant departments of the State Council and relevant military organs shall, within the scope of their functions and powers prescribed by the State, perform their respective responsibilities as divided among them in control and defence of the frontiers, seas and air space to join efforts in safeguarding the security and interests of the country. | |
地方各级人民政府、国务院有关部门和有关军事机关，按照国家规定的职权范围，分工负责边防、海防和空防的管理和防卫工作，共同维护国家的安全和利益。 |
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| Article 28 The State, in light of the need of defence of the frontiers, seas and air space, has defence installations built for military operation, command, telecommunications, protection, traffic, logistics, etc. The people's governments and military organs at various levels shall, according to the provisions of laws and regulations, ensure the construction of defence installations and protect their security. | | 第二十八条 国家根据边防、海防和空防的需要，建设作战、指挥、通信、防护、交通、保障等国防设施。各级人民政府和军事机关应当依照法律、法规的规定，保障国防设施的建设，保护国防设施的安全。 |
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| CHAPTER V DEFENCE RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION AND ORDERS FOR MILITARY SUPPLIES | | 第五章 国防科研生产和军事订货 |
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| Article 29 The State establishes and improves the scientific, technological and industrial system for national defence, develops defence research and production and furnishes the armed forces with weapons and equipment that are advanced in performance and reliable in quality, complete in sets of accessories, and easy to operate and maintain as well as other suitable military material to meet the need of national defence. | | 第二十九条 国家建立和完善国防科技工业体系，发展国防科研生产，为武装力量提供性能先进、质量可靠、配套完善、便于操作和维修的武器装备以及其他适用的军用物资，满足国防需要。 |
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| Article 30 The principle to be applied to defence science, technology and industry is one according to which production for military use is combined with production for civilian use, wartime-oriented work is combined with peacetime-oriented work, priority is given to the manufacture of military products and military production is supported by civilian production. | | 第三十条 国防科技工业实行军民结合、平战结合、军品优先、以民养军的方针。 |
The State makes the overall plan for the development of defence science, technology and industry and keeps defence research and production capability at an appropriate scale, with matched specialties and geographically rational distribution. | |
国家统筹规划国防科技工业建设，保持规模适度、专业配套、布局合理的国防科研生产能力。 |
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| Article 31 The State promotes progress in defence science and technology and in research of new and high technologies, brings into play the leading role of new and high technologies in the development of weapons and equipment, increases technology reserve and develops new weapons and equipment. | | 第三十一条 国家促进国防科学技术进步，加强高新技术研究，发挥高新技术在武器装备发展中的先导作用，增加技术储备，研制新型武器装备。 |
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| Article 32 The State exercises unified leadership and planned regulation and control with regard to defence research and production. | | 第三十二条 国家对国防科研生产实行统一领导和计划调控。 |
The State provides the enterprises and institutions charged with the task of defence research and production with the necessary guarantees and adopts preferential policies toward them. | |
国家为承担国防科研生产任务的企业事业单位提供必要的保障条件和优惠政策。地方各级人民政府应当对承担国防科研生产任务的企业事业单位给予协助和支持。 |
Local people's governments at various levels shall support and assist such enterprises and institutions. Enterprises and institutions that are charged with the task of defence research and production must complete their task and ensure the quality of weapons and equipment. | |
承担国防科研生产任务的企业事业单位必须完成国防科研生产任务，保证武器装备的质量。 |
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| Article 33 The State adopts necessary measures to train scientists and engineers for national defence and creates favourable environment and conditions for them to play their role to the full. | | 第三十三条 国家采取必要措施，培养和造就国防科学技术人才，创造有利的环境和条件，充分发挥他们的作用。 |
Scientists and engineers in the field of national defence shall be esteemed by the general public. The State gradually improves their material and other benefits and protects their lawful rights and interests. | |
国防科学技术工作者应当受到全社会的尊重。国家逐步提高国防科学技术工作者的待遇，保护其合法权益。 |
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| Article 34 The State, in light of the need of defence development and the requirement of the socialist market economy, institutes a system whereby the State places orders for military supplies so as to ensure the purchase and supply of weapons and equipment and other military material. | | 第三十四条 国家根据国防建设的需要和社会主义市场经济的要求，实行国家军事订货制度，保障武器装备和其他军用物资的采购供应。 |
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| CHAPTER VI DEFENCE EXPENDITURES AND ASSETS | | 第六章 国防经费和国防资产 |
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| Article 35 The State ensures the necessary funds for undertakings of national defence. The increase of defence expenditures shall be commensurate with the need of defence and in proportion to the growth of the economy. | | 第三十五条 国家保障国防事业的必要经费。国防经费的增长应当与国防需求和国民经济发展水平相适应。 |
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| Article 36 The State institutes a system whereby funds for defence expenditures are allocated by the government. | | 第三十六条 国家对国防经费实行财政拨款制度。 |
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| Article 37 The funds directly invested and resources such as land allocated by the State for the building of the armed forces, for defence research and production and for other projects of defence, as well as the weapons, equipment, installations, material, facilities and technological results that are formed therefrom and used for purposes of defence, are all defence assets. | | 第三十七条 国家为武装力量建设、国防科研生产和其他国防建设直接投入的资金、划拨使用的土地等资源，以及由此形成的用于国防目的的武器装备和设备设施、物资器材、技术成果等属于国防资产。 |
Defence assets are owned by the State. | |
国防资产归国家所有。 |
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| Article 38 The State in light of the need for the building of national defence and economic development, determines the scale, composition and geographical distribution of defence assets, readjusts and disposes of defence assets. | | 第三十八条 国家根据国防建设和经济建设的需要，确定国防资产的规模、结构和布局，调整和处分国防资产。 |
The administrative institutions in charge of defence assets and the units possessing and using such assets shall administer the assets according to law and have them used most effectively. | |
国防资产的管理机构和占有、使用单位，应当依法管理国防资产，充分发挥国防资产的效能。 |
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| Article 39 The State protects defence assets from infringement and ensures their safety, integrity and effectiveness. | | 第三十九条 国家保护国防资产不受侵害，保障国防资产的安全、完整和有效。 |
All organizations and individuals are forbidden to undermine, damage or usurp defence assets. Without the approval of the State Council or the Central Military Commission, or of the institutions authorized by the State Council or the Central Military Commission, no units possessing or using defence assets may use them for purposes other than national defence. The defence assets that are no longer used for purposes of national defence, as approved, shall be managed in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. | |
禁止任何组织或者个人破坏、损害和侵占国防资产。未经国务院、中央军事委员会或者国务院、中央军事委员会授权的机构批准，国防资产的占有、使用单位不得改变国防资产用于国防的目的。国防资产经批准不再用于国防目的的，依照有关法律、法规的规定管理。 |
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| CHAPTER VII DEFENCE EDUCATION | | 第七章 国防教育 |
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| Article 40 The State, through conducting defence education, helps citizens to enhance their awareness of the importance of national defence, master knowledge of national defence, carry forward the spirit of patriotism and conscientiously perform their obligations in national defence. | | 第四十条 |
To make defence education universal and foster such education is the common responsibility of the whole society. | |
普及和加强国防教育是全社会的共同责任。 |
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| Article 41 In defence education, the principles of participation by all citizens, long-term perseverance and emphasis on practical results shall be applied as well as the principles of combining regular education with concentrated education, universal education with education among specific groups of people and education in theories with education through practical training. | | 第四十一条 国防教育贯彻全民参与、长期坚持、讲求实效的方针，实行经常教育与集中教育相结合、普及教育与重点教育相结合、理论教育与行为教育相结合的原则。 |
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| Article 42 The State Council, the Central Military Commission, the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and relevant military organs shall adopt measures to improve the work of defence education. | | 第四十二条 国务院、中央军事委员会和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府以及有关军事机关，应当采取措施，加强国防教育工作。 |
All State organs, armed forces, political parties, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall make it possible for people in their respective areas, departments and units to receive defence education. | |
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体、各企业事业单位都应当组织本地区、本部门、本单位开展国防教育。 |
Defence education at schools provides the foundation for nationwide defence education. Schools of all types and at all levels shall offer appropriate defence education courses or supplement relevant courses with subject matters related to defence education. | |
学校的国防教育是全民国防教育的基础。各级各类学校应当设置适当的国防教育课程，或者在有关课程中增加国防教育的内容。军事机关应当协助学校开展国防教育。 |
Departments and units of education, culture, the press, publishing, radio, film, television, etc. shall closely cooperate in this endeavour and conduct defence education in various forms. | |
教育、文化、新闻、出版、广播、电影、电视等部门和单位应当密切配合，采取多种形式开展国防教育。 |
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| Article 43 People's governments at various levels shall incorporate defence education into their plans for national economic and social development and guarantee the funds needed for such education. | | 第四十三条 各级人民政府应当将国防教育纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，保障国防教育所需的经费。 |
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| CHAPTER VIII DEFENCE MOBILIZATION AND STATE OF WAR | | 第八章 国防动员和战争状态 |
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| Article 44 When the sovereignty, unification, territorial integrity or security of the People's Republic of China is under threat, the State, pursuant to the Constitution and law, shall mobilize the entire nation or part of the nation against it. | | 第四十四条 中华人民共和国的主权、统一、领土完整和安全遭受威胁时，国家依照宪法和法律规定，进行全国总动员或者局部动员。 |
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| Article 45 The State makes preparations for mobilization in peacetime, incorporating preparations for mobilization of the people's armed forces and the national economy, and for civil air defence and defence communications, etc. into the overall development programmes and plans of the State, improving the mobilization system and increasing the potentialities and capability of mobilization. | | 第四十五条 国家在和平时期进行动员准备，将人民武装动员、国民经济动员、人民防空、国防交通等方面的动员准备纳入国家总体发展规划和计划，完善动员体制，增强动员潜力，提高动员能力。 |
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| Article 46 The State institutes a system for reserving strategic material. The strategic material reserve shall be appropriate in scale, safe in storage and convenient for deployment and shall be regularly updated to ensure wartime needs. | | 第四十六条 国家建立战略物资储备制度。战略物资储备应当规模适度、储存安全、调用方便、定期更换，保障战时的需要。 |
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| Article 47 The State Council and the Central Military Commission shall jointly direct the preparations for and implementation of mobilization. | | 第四十七条 国务院和中央军事委员会共同领导动员准备和动员实施工作。 |
All State organs, armed forces, political parties, public organizations, enterprises and institutions and all citizens must, in peacetime, fulfill their work of mobilization preparations as provided by law and fulfill their assigned tasks of mobilization after the State's issuance of a mobilization order. | |
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体、各企业事业单位和公民，在和平时期必须依照法律规定完成动员准备工作；在国家发布动员令后，必须完成规定的动员任务。 |
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| Article 48 The State may, in light of the need of mobilization and according to law, requisition the equipment, installations, means of transportation and other material of organizations and individuals. | | 第四十八条 国家根据动员需要，可以依法征用组织和个人的设备设施、交通工具和其他物资。 |
The people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, make appropriate compensation to the requisitioned organization or individual for the economic losses directly caused by requisition. | |
县级以上人民政府对被征用者因征用所造成的直接经济损失，按照国家有关规定给予适当补偿。 |
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| Article 49 The State, pursuant to the Constitution, proclaims a state of war, adopts various measures to concentrate human, material and financial resources and leads all citizens in their efforts to defend the motherland and resist aggression. | | 第四十九条 国家依照宪法规定宣布战争状态，采取各种措施集中人力、物力和财力，领导全体公民保卫祖国，抵抗侵略。 |
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| CHAPTER IX OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS REGARDING NATIONAL DEFENCE | | 第九章 公民、组织的国防义务和权利 |
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| Article 50 It is the honourable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military service or join the militia in accordance with law. | | 第五十条 依照法律服兵役和参加民兵组织是中华人民共和国公民的光荣义务。 |
The organs in charge of military service affairs at various levels and the arm-the-people departments at the grassroots level shall do their military service work according to law, fulfill their task of enlistment in accordance with the order of the State Council and the Central Military Commission and guarantee the qualifications of the enlisted. Other State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions concerned shall fulfill their work with regard to the militia and reservists according to law and assist the organs in charge of military service affairs in their efforts to fulfill the task of enlistment. | |
各级兵役机关和基层人民武装机构应当依法办理兵役工作，按照国务院和中央军事委员会的命令完成征兵任务，保证兵员质量。其他有关国家机关、社会团体和企业事业单位应当依法完成民兵和预备役工作，协助兵役机关完成征兵任务。 |
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| Article 51 Enterprises and institutions shall, in compliance with the demand of the State, undertake the task of defence research and production, accept the orders for military supplies placed by the State and provide weapons, equipment and military material that are up to the quality standard. | | 第五十一条 企业事业单位应当按照国家的要求承担国防科研生产任务，接受国家军事订货，提供符合质量标准的武器装备或者军用物资。 |
Enterprises and institutions shall, in accordance with State regulations, satisfy the defence requirements in communications construction. The units administering communications facilities at railway stations and bus terminals, ports, airports, roads, etc. shall give first priority to the passage of active servicemen, military vehicles and vessels and give them preferential treatment according to regulations. | |
企业事业单位应当按照国家规定，在交通建设中贯彻国防要求。车站、港口、机场、道路等交通设施的管理单位应当为现役军人和军用车辆、船舶的通行提供优先服务，按照规定给予优待。 |
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| Article 52 Citizens shall receive defence education. | | 第五十二条 公民应当接受国防教育。 |
Citizens and organizations shall protect defence installations and shall not impair or undermine them. | |
公民和组织应当保护国防设施，不得破坏、危害国防设施。 |
Citizens and organizations shall observe regulations on guarding secrets and shall not divulge State secrets concerning national defence or illegally possess secret documents, information or other secret articles or goods relating to national defence. | |
公民和组织应当遵守保密规定，不得泄露国防方面的国家秘密，不得非法持有国防方面的秘密文件、资料和其他秘密物品。 |
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| Article 53 Citizens and organizations shall support the building of national defence and provide convenience or other assistance for the armed forces in military training, preparations against war and defence operations. | | 第五十三条 公民和组织应当支持国防建设，为武装力量的军事训练、战备勤务、防卫作战等活动提供便利条件或者其他协助。 |
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| Article 54 Citizens and organizations shall have the right to put forward suggestions regarding the building of national defence, check and inform against acts endangering national defence. | | 第五十四条 公民和组织有对国防建设提出建议的权利，有对危害国防的行为进行制止或者检举的权利。 |
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| Article 55 Citizens and organizations suffering direct economic losses because of the building of national defence or military activities may be compensated in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. | | 第五十五条 公民和组织因国防建设和军事活动在经济上受到直接损失的，可以依照国家有关规定取得补偿。 |
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| CHAPTER X OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF SERVICEMEN | | 第十章 军人的义务和权益 |
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| Article 56 Active servicemen must be loyal to the motherland, perform their functions and duties, fight bravely, face sacrifice squarely and defend the security, honour and interests of the motherland. | | 第五十六条 现役军人必须忠于祖国，履行职责，英勇战斗，不怕牺牲，捍卫祖国的安全、荣誉和利益。 |
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| Article 57 Active servicemen must observe the Constitution and law in an exemplary way, observe military rules and regulations, execute orders and strictly abide by rules of discipline. | | 第五十七条 现役军人必须模范地遵守宪法和法律，遵守军事法规，执行命令，严守纪律。 |
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| Article 58 Active servicemen shall carry forward the fine traditions of the people's army, cherish and protect the people, actively participate in promoting the socialist material growth, cultural and ethical progress, and fulfill the tasks of dealing with emergencies and doing rescue work in disasters. | | 第五十八条 现役军人应当发扬人民军队的优良传统，热爱人民，保护人民，积极参加社会主义物质文明、精神文明建设，完成抢险救灾等任务。 |
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| Article 59 Servicemen shall be esteemed by the general public. | | 第五十九条 军人应当受到全社会的尊重。 |
The State adopts effective measures to protect the honour and dignity of active servicemen and ensures special protection for the marriage of active servicemen. | |
国家采取有效措施保护现役军人的荣誉、人格尊严，对现役军人的婚姻实行特别保护。 |
Active servicemen's performance of their functions and duties according to law are protected by law. | |
现役军人依法履行职责的行为受法律保护。 |
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| Article 60 The State and society give preferential treatment to active servicemen. | | 第六十条 国家和社会优待现役军人。 |
The State ensures that active servicemen enjoy the material and other benefits appropriate to the performance of their functions and duties and gives preferential treatment in material and other benefits to those active servicemen who are working in defence of the frontiers or seas in areas or at posts where conditions are difficult. | |
国家保障现役军人享有与其履行职责相适应的生活福利待遇，对在条件艰苦的边防、海防等地区或者岗位工作的现役军人在生活福利等方面给予优待。 |
The State institutes an insurance system for servicemen. | |
国家实行军人保险制度。 |
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| Article 61 The State makes proper arrangements for demobilized active servicemen, provides necessary vocational training to servicemen who are transferred to civilian jobs and ensures the retired servicemen material and other benefits. | | 第六十一条 国家妥善安置退出现役的军人，为转业军人提供必要的职业培训，保障离休退休军人的生活福利待遇。 |
The people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for helping ex-servicemen to find employment commensurate with their ranks of posts, contributions and specialties. | |
县级以上人民政府负责安置转业军人，根据其在军队的职务等级、贡献和专长安排工作。 |
The units that receive ex-servicemen shall give them preferential treatment in material and other benefits, education, housing, etc. in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. | |
接收转业军人的单位应当按照国家有关规定，在生活福利待遇、教育、住房等方面给予优待。 |
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| Article 62 The State and society give financial support and preferential treatment to disabled servicemen and provide special safeguards for their daily necessities and medical treatment in accordance with law. | | 第六十二条 国家和社会抚恤优待残疾军人，对残疾军人的生活和医疗依法给予特别保障。 |
When a serviceman who was disabled or who contracted illness while taking part in military operations or performing military duties is demobilized, the people's government at or above the county level shall receive him and make arrangements for him, ensuring that his living standard is not lower than the average of the local people. | |
因战、因公致残或者致病的残疾军人退出现役后，县级以上人民政府应当及时接收安置，并保障其生活不低于当地的平均生活水平。 |
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| Article 63 The State and society give preferential treatment to the families of active servicemen, and give financial support and preferential treatment to the families of martyrs and of servicemen who are killed in action or died of illness--preferential treatment in matters of employment, housing, compulsory education, etc. | | 第六十三条 国家和社会优待现役军人家属，抚恤优待烈士家属和因公牺牲、病故军人的家属，在就业、住房、义务教育等方面给予照顾。 |
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| Article 64 The militiamen, reservists and other people shall perform their functions and duties when taking part in military training and undertaking the tasks of preparations against war and defence operations; the State and society ensure their enjoyment of appropriate treatment and give them financial support and preferential treatment in accordance with relevant regulations. | | 第六十四条 民兵、预备役人员和其他人员依法参加军事训练，担负战备勤务、防卫作战任务时，应当履行自己的职责和义务；国家和社会保障其享有相应的待遇，按照有关规定对其实行抚恤优待。 |
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| CHAPTER XI FOREIGN MILITARY RELATIONS | | 第十一章 对外军事关系 |
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| Article 65 In independently handling its foreign military relations and conducting military exchange and cooperation with other countries, the People's Republic of China adheres to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non- aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. | | 第六十五条 中华人民共和国坚持互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则，独立自主地处理对外军事关系，开展军事交流与合作。 |
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| Article 66 The People's Republic of China supports the world community in its military-related actions taken for the benefit of safeguarding world and regional peace, security and stability and supports it in its efforts to impartially and reasonably resolve international disputes and its efforts for arms control and disarmament. | | 第六十六条 中华人民共和国支持国际社会采取的有利于维护世界和地区和平、安全、稳定的与军事有关的活动，支持国际社会为公正合理地解决国际争端、军备控制和裁军所做的努力。 |
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| Article 67 In its military relations with other countries, the People's Republic of China observes the relevant treaties and agreements that it has concluded with them or acceded to or accepted. | | 第六十七条 中华人民共和国在对外军事关系中遵守同外国缔结或者加入、接受的有关条约和协定。 |
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| CHAPTER XII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS | | 第十二章 附则 |
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| Article 68 The provisions of this Law regarding servicemen are applicable to the Chinese People's Armed Police Force. | | 第六十八条 本法关于军人的规定，适用于中国人民武装警察部队。 |
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| Article 69 The defence affairs of special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China shall be prescribed separately by the basic laws of the special administrative regions and other relevant laws. | | 第六十九条 中华人民共和国特别行政区的防务，由特别行政区基本法和有关法律规定。 |
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| Article 70 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of its promulgation. | | 第七十条 本法自公布之日起施行。 |
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