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| Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Maximizing the Role of Trial Function and Creating a Good Legal Environment for Entrepreneurship and Innovation by Entrepreneurs | | 最高人民法院关于充分发挥审判职能作用为企业家创新创业营造良好法治环境的通知 |
| (No. 1 [2018] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法〔2018〕1号） |
| The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army; and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院： |
| On September 8, 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Creating a Sound Entrepreneur Growth Environment, Advocating Excellent Entrepreneurship and Better Using Entrepreneurs' Role (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), a major move to advance the supply-side structural reform, implement the innovative development strategy, and promote sustained, stable and sound economic development. For the purposes of implementing the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the requirements of the Opinions in depth, maximizing the role of trial function, lawfully, equally protecting the lawful rights and interests of entrepreneurs, and creating a good legal environment for entrepreneurship and innovation by entrepreneurs, the notice is hereby given as follows. | | 2017年9月8日，中共中央、国务院印发《关于营造企业家健康成长环境弘扬优秀企业家精神更好发挥企业家作用的意见》（以下简称《意见》），这是推进供给侧结构性改革、实施创新发展战略、促进经济持续平稳健康发展的重要举措。为深入贯彻党的十九大精神和《意见》的要求，充分发挥审判职能作用，依法平等保护企业家合法权益，为企业家创新创业营造良好法治环境，现通知如下。 |
| I. Profoundly recognizing the significance of lawfully, equally protecting the lawful rights and interests of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are major parties to economic activities. Since the reform and opening up, a group of excellent entrepreneurs have grown quickly in market competition, making significant contributions to accruing social wealth, creating jobs, promoting economic and social development, and enhancing comprehensive national power. It is significant for enhancing entrepreneurs' sense of security of their person and property, stabilizing public expectations, allowing entrepreneurs to be relieved in operations, feel reassured in investment and focus on entrepreneurship, and maximizing the role of entrepreneurs in developing a modern economic system and promoting sustained, stable and sound economic development that the people's courts maximize the role of trial function, lawfully, equally protect the lawful rights and interests of entrepreneurs, and create a good legal environment for entrepreneurship and innovation by entrepreneurs. | | 一、深刻认识依法平等保护企业家合法权益的重大意义。企业家是经济活动的重要主体。改革开放以来，一大批优秀企业家在市场竞争中迅速成长，为积累社会财富、创造就业岗位、促进经济社会发展、增强综合国力做出了重要贡献。人民法院充分发挥审判职能作用，依法平等保护企业家合法权益，为企业家创新创业营造良好法治环境，对于增强企业家人身及财产财富安全感，稳定社会预期，使企业家安心经营、放心投资、专心创业，充分发挥企业家在建设现代化经济体系、促进经济持续平稳健康发展中的作用具有重大意义。 |
II. Protecting personal freedom and property rights of entrepreneurs by law. Criminal laws and judicial interpretations shall be strictly enforced, and it shall be firmly prevented to use criminal means to interfere with economic disputes. The principle of nulla poena sine lege shall be adhered to, and the conduct of entrepreneurship and innovation by entrepreneurs in production, operation and financing activities shall not be deemed and punished as crime as long as it does not violate criminal laws. The essential elements of the illegal business crime and the contract fraud crime shall be stringent so as to prevent arbitrary expansion of application. Civil disputes arising over the course of contract formation or performance may, in the absence of sufficient evidence of crime constitution, not be processed as criminal cases. The illegal income and lawful property of entrepreneurs shall be strictly distinguished, and the judgment for recovery or order for return and compensation may not be made in the absence of sufficient evidence of illegal income. The personal property of entrepreneurs and the property of legal person enterprises shall be strictly distinguished, and when the crime by an enterprise is processed, the lawful property of the entrepreneur and the property of any member of his/her family may not be involved.
．．．．．． | | 二、依法保护企业家的人身自由和财产权利。严格执行刑事法律和司法解释，坚决防止利用刑事手段干预经济纠纷。坚持罪刑法定原则，对企业家在生产、经营、融资活动中的创新创业行为，只要不违反刑事法律的规定，不得以犯罪论处。严格非法经营罪、合同诈骗罪的构成要件，防止随意扩大适用。对于在合同签订、履行过程中产生的民事争议，如无确实充分的证据证明符合犯罪构成的，不得作为刑事案件处理。严格区分企业家违法所得和合法财产，没有充分证据证明为违法所得的，不得判决追缴或者责令退赔。严格区分企业家个人财产和企业法人财产，在处理企业犯罪时不得牵连企业家个人合法财产和家庭成员财产。
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