Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国高等教育法 |
| （Adopted at the Forth Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 29, 1998; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision of the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on Amending the Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China on December 27, 2015; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to Amend Four Laws Including the Electric Power Law of the People's Republic of China） | | （1998年8月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议通过 根据2015年12月27日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国高等教育法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2018年12月29日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国电力法〉等四部法律的决定》第二次修正） |
| Table of Contents | | 目 录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter II Basic Systems of Higher Education | | 第二章 高等教育基本制度 |
| Chapter III Formation of Higher Education Institutions | | 第三章 高等学校的设立 |
| Chapter IV Organization and Activities of Higher Education Institutions | | 第四章 高等学校的组织和活动 |
| Chapter V Teachers and Other Educational Workers of Higher Education Institutions | | 第五章 高等学校教师和其他教育工作者 |
| Chapter VI Students of Higher Education Institutions | | 第六章 高等学校的学生 |
| Chapter VII Input to Higher Education and Guarantee of Conditions | | 第七章 高等教育投入和条件保障 |
| Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions | | 第八章 附 则 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and the Education Law with a view to developing higher education, implementing the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education, and promoting socialist material and ethical progress. | | 第一条 为了发展高等教育事业，实施科教兴国战略，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法和教育法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to higher education conducted within the territory of the People's Republic of China. | | 第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事高等教育活动，适用本法。 |
| For purposes of this Law, higher education means education conducted on the basis of completion of senior middle-school education. | | 本法所称高等教育，是指在完成高级中等教育基础上实施的教育。 |
| Article 3 In developing socialist higher education, the State adheres to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as its guide and follows the basic principles laid down in the Constitution. | | 第三条 国家坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的高等教育事业。 |
| Article 4 Higher education must follow the state's educational policies, serve the socialist modernization construction and the people, be combined with productive labor and social practices, and turn the educatees into socialist builders and successors who are fully developed in morals, intelligence, physical fitness, and aesthetics, among others. | | 第四条 高等教育必须贯彻国家的教育方针，为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，使受教育者成为德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。 |
| Article 5 The mission of higher education is to cultivate senior professionals with the sense of social responsibility, the spirit of innovation, and practical capabilities, develop science, technology, and culture, and promote socialist modernization construction. | | 第五条 高等教育的任务是培养具有社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才，发展科学技术文化，促进社会主义现代化建设。 |
| Article 6 In light of the need of economic and social development, the State formulates plans for the development of higher education, runs higher education institutions and promotes higher education in various ways. | | 第六条 国家根据经济建设和社会发展的需要，制定高等教育发展规划，举办高等学校，并采取多种形式积极发展高等教育事业。 |
| The State encourages all sectors of society, including enterprises, institutions, public organizations or groups as well as individual citizens, to run higher education institutions in accordance with law and to participate in and support the reform and development of higher education. | | 国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和公民等社会力量依法举办高等学校，参与和支持高等教育事业的改革和发展。 |
| Article 7 In light of the needs of the socialist modernization drive and of development of a socialist market economy, the State, on the basis of the different types and levels of the existing higher education institutions, advances the restructuring of higher education and the reform of teaching in higher education institutions, and optimizes the structure of higher education and the distribution of resources, in order to improve the quality and increase the efficiency of higher education. | | 第七条 国家按照社会主义现代化建设和发展社会主义市场经济的需要，根据不同类型、不同层次高等学校的实际，推进高等教育体制改革和高等教育教学改革，优化高等教育结构和资源配置，提高高等教育的质量和效益。 |
| Article 8 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the ethnic groups, assists and supports the development of higher education in regions inhabitated by ethnic peoples for the purpose of training senior specialists among them. | | 第八条 国家根据少数民族的特点和需要，帮助和支持少数民族地区发展高等教育事业，为少数民族培养高级专门人才。 |
| Article 9 Citizens shall, in accordance with law, enjoy the right to receive higher education. | | 第九条 公民依法享有接受高等教育的权利。 |
| The State takes measures to enable students who come from among ethnic groups and students who have financial difficulties to receive higher education. | | 国家采取措施，帮助少数民族学生和经济困难的学生接受高等教育。 |
| Higher education institutions shall enroll disabled students who are up to the admission qualifications prescribed by the State, they may not refuse to enroll them on account of their disability. | | 高等学校必须招收符合国家规定的录取标准的残疾学生入学，不得因其残疾而拒绝招收。 |
| Article 10 The State, in accordance with law, ensures the freedoms of scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities conducted in higher education institutions. | | 第十条 国家依法保障高等学校中的科学研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动的自由。 |
| Research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities in higher education institutions shall be conducted in compliance with law. | | 在高等学校中从事科学研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动，应当遵守法律。 |
| Article 11 Higher education institutions shall be oriented to the needs of society and shall run the schools on their own and in accordance with law and administer democratic management. | | 第十一条 高等学校应当面向社会，依法自主办学，实行民主管理。 |
| Article 12 The State encourages collaboration between higher education institutions and their collaboration with research institutes, enterprises and institutions in order that they all can draw on each other's strengths and increase the use efficiency of educational resources. | | 第十二条 国家鼓励高等学校之间、高等学校与科学研究机构以及企业事业组织之间开展协作，实行优势互补，提高教育资源的使用效益。 |
| The State encourages and supports international exchange and cooperation in higher education. | | 国家鼓励和支持高等教育事业的国际交流与合作。 |
| Article 13 The State Council shall provide unified guidance and administration for higher education throughout the country. | | 第十三条 国务院统一领导和管理全国高等教育事业。 |
| The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall undertake overall coordination of higher education in their own administrative regions and administer the higher education institutions that mainly train local people and the higher education institutions that they are authorized by the State Council to administer. | | 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府统筹协调本行政区域内的高等教育事业，管理主要为地方培养人才和国务院授权管理的高等学校。 |
| Article 14 The education administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the work of higher education throughout the country and administer the affairs of the higher education institutions designated by the State Council as schools that mainly train people for the country as a whole. Other administrative departments concerned of the State Council shall be responsible for the work related to higher education within the limits of their duties defined by the State Council. | | 第十四条 国务院教育行政部门主管全国高等教育工作，管理由国务院确定的主要为全国培养人才的高等学校。国务院其他有关部门在国务院规定的职责范围内，负责有关的高等教育工作。 |
| Chapter II Basic Systems of Higher Education | | 第二章 高等教育基本制度 |
| Article 15 Higher Education includes education for academic qualifications and education for non-academic qualifications. | | 第十五条 高等教育包括学历教育和非学历教育。 |
| Higher Education takes the forms of full-time schooling and non-full-time schooling. | | 高等教育采用全日制和非全日制教育形式。 |
| The State supports higher education conducted through radio, television, correspondence and other long-distance means. | | 国家支持采用广播、电视、函授及其他远程教育方式实施高等教育。 |
| Article 16 Higher education for academic qualifications includes special course education, regular course education and graduate program. | | 第十六条 高等学历教育分为专科教育、本科教育和研究生教育。 |
| The following academic levels shall be attained through higher education for academic qualifications: | | 高等学历教育应当符合下列学业标准： |
| (1) Special course education shall enable students to grasp the basic theories and special knowledge which the course must offer and to acquire the basic skills and the preliminary ability of practical work in the fields of their specialized subjects. | | （一）专科教育应当使学生掌握本专业必备的基础理论、专门知识，具有从事本专业实际工作的基本技能和初步能力； |
| (2) Regular course education shall enable students to grasp more systematically the basic theories and knowledge required by the branches of learning or specialized subjects offered, to grasp the basic skills, methods and relevant knowledge necessitated by their specialized subjects, and to acquire the preliminary ability of practical work and research in the fields of their specialized subjects. | | （二）本科教育应当使学生比较系统地掌握本学科、专业必需的基础理论、基本知识，掌握本专业必要的基本技能、方法和相关知识，具有从事本专业实际工作和研究工作的初步能力； |
| (3) The graduate program for candidates working for MA shall enable candidates to grasp firmly the basic theories in their branches of learning and grasp the systematic knowledge of their specialized subjects, to grasp the skills and methods and relevant knowledge required, and to acquire the ability of practical work and research in the fields of their specialized subjects. The graduate program for candidates working for Ph. D shall enable candidates to grasp firmly the breadth of the basic theories and the systematic and profound knowledge of the specialized subjects and grasp the skills and methods required by their branches of learning, and to acquire the ability of creative research on their own and of practical work in the fields of their specific branches of learning. | | （三）硕士研究生教育应当使学生掌握本学科坚实的基础理论、系统的专业知识，掌握相应的技能、方法和相关知识，具有从事本专业实际工作和科学研究工作的能力。博士研究生教育应当使学生掌握本学科坚实宽广的基础理论、系统深入的专业知识、相应的技能和方法，具有独立从事本学科创造性科学研究工作和实际工作的能力。 |
| Article 17 The basic length of schooling for special course education is from two to three years, for regular course education it is from four to five years, for graduate program for candidates working for MA it is from two to three years, and for graduate program for candidates working for Ph. D it is from three to four years. The length of schooling for non-full-time higher education for academic qualifications shall be prolonged properly. An institution of higher learning may, in light of actual needs, readjust its length of schooling. | | 第十七条 专科教育的基本修业年限为二至三年，本科教育的基本修业年限为四至五年，硕士研究生教育的基本修业年限为二至三年，博士研究生教育的基本修业年限为三至四年。非全日制高等学历教育的修业年限应当适当延长。高等学校根据实际需要，可以对本学校的修业年限作出调整。 |
| Article 18 Higher education shall be conducted by higher education institutions and other higher education organizations. | | 第十八条 高等教育由高等学校和其他高等教育机构实施。 |
| Universities and independent colleges shall mainly conduct regular course education and education at a still higher level. Specialized higher education schools shall conduct special course education. With the approval of the education administrative department of the State Council, research institutes may undertake the graduate program. | | 大学、独立设置的学院主要实施本科及本科以上教育。高等专科学校实施专科教育。经国务院教育行政部门批准，科学研究机构可以承担研究生教育的任务。 |
| Other higher education organizations shall conduct higher education for non-academic qualifications. | | 其他高等教育机构实施非学历高等教育。 |
| Article 19 Graduates from senior middle schools and people with the same educational level, who have passed the entrance examinations, shall be enrolled by higher education institutions that offer the necessary education for academic qualifications and shall acquire the status of special course students or undergraduates. | | 第十九条 高级中等教育毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校录取，取得专科生或者本科生入学资格。 |
| Graduates from universities and people with the same educational level, who have passed the entrance examinations, shall be enrolled by higher education institutions that offer the necessary education for academic qualifications or by research institutes that have obtained approval of undertaking the graduate program, and shall acquire the status of candidates working for MA. | | 本科毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构录取，取得硕士研究生入学资格。 |
| People who have completed the graduate program and people who have the same educational level, having passed the entrance examinations, shall be enrolled by higher education institutions that offer the necessary education for academic qualifications or research institutes that have obtained approval of undertaking the graduate program, and shall acquire the status of candidates working for Ph. D. | | 硕士研究生毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构录取，取得博士研究生入学资格。 |
| Specific measures for allowing graduates of special branches of learning or specialized subjects directly to acquire the status of candidates working for Ph. D shall be formulated by the education administrative department of the State Council. | | 允许特定学科和专业的本科毕业生直接取得博士研究生入学资格，具体办法由国务院教育行政部门规定。 |
| Article 20 Students receiving higher education for academic qualifications shall be issued appropriate academic qualification certificates or other education certificates by their respective higher education institutions or research institutes that have obtained approval of undertaking the graduate program, on the basis of their length of study, academic records and so on and in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. | | 第二十条 接受高等学历教育的学生，由所在高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构根据其修业年限、学业成绩等，按照国家有关规定，发给相应的学历证书或者其他学业证书。 |
| Students receiving higher education for non-academic qualifications shall be granted appropriate diplomas by their respective higher education institutions or other higher education organizations. In the diplomas shall be recorded the length of study and the subjects studied. | | 接受非学历高等教育的学生，由所在高等学校或者其他高等教育机构发给相应的结业证书。结业证书应当载明修业年限和学业内容。 |
Article 21 The State applies a system of higher education examinations for self-taught people, under which those who have passed the examinations shall be issued appropriate academic qualification certificates or other education certificates.
．．．．．． | | 第二十一条 国家实行高等教育自学考试制度，经考试合格的，发给相应的学历证书或者其他学业证书。
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