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Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees [Effective]
关于难民地位的公约 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

 

关于难民地位的公约

 按照联合国大会一九五0年十二月十四日第429(V)号决议召开的联合国难民和无国籍人地位全权代表会议于一九五一年七月二十八日通过
 生效:按照第四十三条的规定,于一九五四年四月二十二日生效。
Preamble 序言
The High Contracting Parties, 缔约各方,
Considering that the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved on 10 December 1948 by the General Assembly have affirmed the principle that human beings shall enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms without discrimination, 考虑到联合国宪章和联合国大会于1948年12月10日通过的世界人权宣言确认人人享有基本权利和自由不受歧视的原则,
Considering that the United Nations has,on various occasions,manifested its profound concern for refugees and endeavoured to assure refugees the widest possible exercise of these fundamental rights and freedoms, 考虑到联合国在各种场合表示过它对难民的深切关怀,并且竭力保证难民可以最广泛地行使此项基本权利和自由,
Considering that it is desirable to revise and consolidate previous international agreements relating to the status of refugees and to extend the scope of and protection accorded by such instruments by means of a new agreement, 考虑到通过一项新的协定来修正和综合过去关于难民地位的国际协定并扩大此项文件的范围及其所给予的保护是符合于愿望的,
Considering that the grant of asylum may place unduly heavy burdens on certain countries,and that a satisfactory solution of a problem of which the United Nations has recognized the international scope and nature cannot therefore be achieved without international cooperation. 考虑到庇护权的给予可能使某些国家负荷过分的重担,并且考虑到联合国已经认识到这一问题的国际范围和性质,因此,如果没有国际合作,就不能对此问题达成满意的解决,
Expressing the wish that all States,recognizing the social and humanitarian nature of the problem of refugees will do everything within their power to prevent this problem from becoming a cause of tension between States, 表示希望凡认识到难民问题的社会和人道性质的一切国家,将尽一切努力不使这一问题成为国家之间紧张的原因,
Noting that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is charged with the task of supervising international conventions providing for the protection of refugees,and recognizing that the effective co—ordination of measures taken to deal with this problem will depend upon the co—operation of States with the High Commissioner, 注意到联合国难民事务高级专员对于规定保护难民的国际公约负有监督的任务,并认识到为处理这一问题所采取措施的有效协调,将依赖于各国和高级专员的合作,
Have agreed as follows: 兹议定如下:
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions 

第一章 一般规定

Article 1 Definition of the term“Refugee”   第一条 “难民”一词的定义
A.For the purposes of the present Convention.the term“refugee”shall apply to any person who: (一)本公约所用“难民”一词适用于下列任何人:
(1)Has been considered a refugee under the Arrangements of 12 May 1926 and 30 June 1928 or under the Conventions of 28 October 1933 and 10 February 1938.the Protocol of 14 September 1939 or the Constitution of the International Refugee Organization; (甲)根据1926年5月12日和1928年6月30日的协议、或根据1933年10月28日和1938年2月10日的公约、以及1939年9月14日的议定书、或国际难民组织约章被认为难民的人;
Decisions of non—eligibility taken by the International Refugee Organization during the period of its activities shall not prevent the status of refugee being accorded to persons who fulfil the conditions of paragraph 2 of this section; 国际难民组织在其执行职务期间所作关于不合格的决定,不妨碍对符合于本款(乙)项条件的人给予难民的地位。
(2)As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and owing to a well—founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race,religion,nationality,membership of a particular social group or political opinion.is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or.owing to such fear.is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country;or who,not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events,is unable or,owing to such fear,is unwilling to return to it. (乙)由于1951年1月1日以前发生的事情并因有正当理由畏惧由于种族、宗教、国籍、属于某一社会团体或具有某种政治见解的原因留在其本国之外,并且由于此项畏惧而不能或不愿受该国保护的人;或者不具有国籍并由于上述事情留在他以前经常居住国家以外而现在不能或者由于上述畏惧不愿返回该国的人。
In the case of a person who has more than one nationality,the term“the country of his nationality”shall mean each of the countries of which he is a national.and a person shall not be deemed to be lacking the protection of the country of his nationality if,without any valid reason based on well—founded fear,he has not availed himself of the protection of one of the countries of which he is a national. 对于具有不止一国国籍的人,“本国”一词是指他有国籍的每一国家。如果没有实在可以发生畏惧的正当理由而不受他国籍所属国家之一的保护时,不得认其缺乏本国的保护。
B.(1)For the purposes of this Convention,the words“events occurring before 1 January 1951”in Article 1,Section A.shall be understood to mean either@(a)“events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951”:or(b)“events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”,and each Contracting State shall make a declaration at the time of signature,ratification or accession,specifying which of these meanings it applies for the purpose of its obligations under this Convention. (二)(甲)本公约第一条(一)款所用“1951年1月1日以前发生的事情”一语,应了解为:(子)“1951年1月1日以前在欧洲发生的事情”;或者(丑)“1951年1月1日以前在欧洲或其他地方发生的事情”;缔约各国应于签字、批准、或加入时声明为了承担本公约的义务,这一用语应作何解释。
(2)Any Contracting State which has adopted alternative(a)may at any time extend its obligations by adopting alternative(b)by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary—General of the United Nations. (乙)已经采取上述(子)解释的任何缔约国,可以随时向联合国秘书长提出通知,采取(丑)解释以扩大其义务。
C.This Convention shall cease to apply to any person falling under the terms of Section A if: (三)如有下列各项情况,本公约应停止适用于列入上述(甲)款的任何人:
(1)He has voluntarily re—availed himself of the protection of the country of his nationality;or (甲)该人已自动接受其本国的保护;或者
(2)Having lost his nationality,he has voluntarily re—acquired it;or (乙)该人于丧失国籍后,又自动重新取得国籍;或者
(3)He has acquired a new nationality.and enjoys the protection of the country of hisnew nationality;or (丙)该人已取得新的国籍,并享受其新国籍国家的保护;或者
(4)He has voluntarily re—established himself ha the country which he left or outside which he remained owing to fear of persecution;or (丁)该人已在过去由于畏受迫害而离去或躲开的国家内自动定居下来;或者
(5)He can no longer.because the circumstances in connection wim which he has been recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist,continue to refuse to avail himself of the protection of the country of his nationality: (戊)该人由于被认为是难民所依据的情况不复存在而不能继续拒绝受其本国的保护;
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to a refugee falling under Section A(1)of this Article who is able to invoke compelling reasons arising out of previous persecution for refusing to avail himself of the protection of the country of nationality; 但本项不适用于列入本条(一)款(甲)项的难民,如果他可以援引由于过去曾受迫害的重大理由以拒绝受其本国的保护;
(6)Being a person who has no nationality he is.because ofthe circumstances in connection with which he has been recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist.able to return to the country of his former habitual residence; (己)该人本无国籍,由于被认为是难民所依据的情况不复存在而可以回到其以前经常居住的国家内;
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to a refugee falling under section A(1)of this Article who is able to invoke compelling reasons arising out of previous persecution for refusing to return to the country of his former habitual residence. 但本项不适用于列入本条(一)款(甲)项的难民,如果他可以援引由于过去曾受迫害的重大理由以拒绝受其以前经常居住国家的保护。
D.This Convention shall not apply to persons who are at present receiving from organs or agencies of the United Nations other than the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees protection or assistance. (四)本公约不适用于目前从联合国难民事务高级专员以外的联合国机关或机构获得保护或援助的人。
When such protection or assistance has ceased for any reason,without the position of such persons being definitively settled in accordance with the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations,these persons shall ipso facto be entitled to the benefits of this Convention. 当上述保护或援助由于任何原因停止而这些人的地位还没有根据联合国大会所通过的有关决议明确解决时,他们应在事实上本享受公约的利益。
E.This Convention shall not apply to a person who is recognized by the competent authorities of the country in which he has taken residence as having the fights and obligations which are attached to the possession of the nationality of that country. (五)本公约不适用于被其居住地国家主管当局认为具有附着于该国国籍的权利和义务的人。
F.The provisions of this Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that: (六)本公约规定不适用于存在着重大理由足以认为有下列情事的任何人:
(a)he has committed a crime against peace,a war crime,or a crime against humanity,as defined in the international instruments drawn uD to make provision ha respect of such crimes; (甲)该人犯了国际文件中已作出规定的破坏和平罪、战争罪、或危害人类罪;
(b)he has committed a serious non—political crime outside the country of refuge prior to his admission to that country as a refugee; (乙)该人在以难民身分进入避难国以前,曾在避难国以外犯过严重政治罪行;
(c)he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. (丙)该人曾有违反联合国宗旨和原则的行为并经认为有罪。
Article 2 General obligations   第二条 一般义务
Every refugee has duties to the country in which he finds himself,which require in particular that he conform to its laws and regulations as well as to measures taken for the maintenance of public order. 一切难民对其所在国负有责任,此项责任特别要求他们遵守该国的法律和规章以及为维持公共秩序而采取的措施。
Article 3 Non—discrimination   第三条 不受歧视
The Contracting States shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race,religion or country of origin. 缔约各国应对难民不分种族、宗教、或国籍,适用本公约的规定。
Article 4 Religion   第四条 宗教
The Contracting States shall accord to refugees within their territories treatment at least as favourable as that accorded to their nationals with respect to freedom to practise their religion and freedom as regards the religious education of their children. 缔约各国对在其领土内的难民,关于举行宗教仪式的自由以及对其子女施加宗教教育的自由方面,应至少给予其本国国民所获得的待遇。
Article 5 Rights granted apart from this Convention   第五条 与本公约无关的权利
Nothing in this Convention shall be deemed to impair any rights and benefits granted by a Contracting State to refugees apart from this Convention. 本公约任何规定不得认为妨碍一个缔约国并非由于本公约而给予难民的权利和利益。
Article 6 The term“in the same circumstances”   第六条 “在同样情况下”一词的意义
For the purposes of this Convention,the term“in the same circumstances”implies that any requirements(including requirements as to length and conditions of sojourn or residence)which the particular individual would have to fulfil for the enjoyment of the right in question,if he were not a refugee,must be fulfilled by him.with the exception of requirements which by their nature a refugee is incapable of fulfilling. 本公约所用“在同样情况下”一词意味着凡是个别的人如果不是难民为了享受有关的权利所必需具备的任何要件(包括关于旅居或居住的期间和条件的要件),但按照要件的性质,难民不可能具备者,则不在此例。
Article 7 Exemption from reciprocity   第七条 相互条件的免除
1.Except where this Convention contains more favourable provisions,a Contracting State shall accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to aliens generally. (一)除本公约载有更有利的规定外,缔约国应给予难民以一般外国人所获得的待遇。
2.After a period of three years'residence,all refugees shall enjoy exemption from legislative reciprocity in the territory of the Contracting States. (二)一切难民在居住期满三年以后,应在缔约各国领土内享受立法上相互条件的免除。
3.Each Contracting State shall continue to accord to refugees the rights and benefits to which they were already entitled,in the absence of reciprocity,at the date of entry into force of this Convention for that State. (三)缔约各国应继续给予难民在本公约对该国生效之日他们无需在相互条件下已经有权享受的权利和利益。
4.The Contracting States shall consider favourably the possibility of according to refugees.in the absence of reciprocity,rights and benefits beyond those to which they are entitled according to paragraphs 2 and 3.and to extending exemption from reciprocity to refugees who do not fulfil the conditions provided for in paragraphs 2 and 3. (四)缔约各国对无需在相互条件下给予难民根据第(二)、(三)两款他们有权享受以外的权利和利益,以及对不具备第(二)、(三)两款所规定条件的难民亦免除相互条件的可能性,应给予有利的考虑。
5.The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 apply both to the rights and benefits referred to in Anticles 13,18.19,21 and 22 of this Convention and to rights and benefits for which this Convention does not provide. (五)第(二)、(三)两款的规定对本公约第十三、十八、十九、二十一和二十二条所指权利和利益,以及本公约并未规定的权利和利益,均予适用。
Article 8 Exemption from exceptional measures   第八条 特殊措施的免除
With regard to exceptional measures which may be taken against the person,property or interests of nationals of a foreign State,the Contracting States shall not apply such measures to a refugee who is formally a national of the said State solely on account of such nationality.Contracting States which,under their legislation,are prevented from applying the general principle expressed in this Article,shall,in appropriate cases,grant exemptions in favour of such refugees. 关于对一外国国民的人身、财产、或利益所得采取的特殊措施,缔约各国不得对形式上为该外国国民的难民仅仅因其所属国籍而对其适用此项措施。缔约各国如根据其国内法不能适用本条所表示的一般原则,应在适当情况下,对此项难民给予免除的优惠。
Article 9 Provisional measures   第九条 临时措施
Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a Contracting State,in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances,from taking provisionally measures which it considers to be essential to the national security in the case of a particular person,pending a determination by the Contracting State that that person is in fact a refugee and that the continuance of such measures is necessary in his case in the interests of national security 本公约的任何规定并不妨碍一缔约国在战时或其他严重和特殊情况下对个别的人在该缔约国断定该人确为难民以前,并且认为有必要为了国家安全的利益应对该人继续采取措施时,对他临时采取该国所认为对其国家安全是迫切需要的措施。
Article 10 Continuity of residence   第十条 继续居住
1.Where a refugee has been forcibly displaced during the Second World War and removed to the territory of a Contracting State,and is resident there,the period of such enforced sojourn shall be considered to have been lawful residence within that territory. (一)难民如在第二次世界大战时被强制放逐并移至缔约一国的领土并在其内居住,这种强制留居的时期应被认为在该领土内合法居住期间以内。
2.Where a refugee has been forcibly displaced during the Second World War from the territory of a Contracting State and has,prior to the date of entry into force of this Convention,returned there for the purpose of taking up residence,the period of residence before and after such enforced displacement shall be regarded as one uninterrupted period for any purposes for which uninterrupted residence is required. (二)难民如在第二次世界大战时被强制逐出缔约一国的领土,而在本公约生效之日以前返回该国准备定居,则在强制放逐以前和以后的居住时期,为了符合于继续居住这一要求的任何目的,应被认为是一个未经中断的期间。
Article 11 Refugee Seamen   第十一条 避难海员
In the case of refugees regularly serving as crew members on board a ship flying the flag of a Contracting State.that State shall give sympathetic consideration to their establishment on its territory and the issue of travel documents to them or their temporary admission to its territory particularly with a view to facilitating their establishment in another country. 对于在悬挂缔约一国国旗的船上正常服务的难民,该国对于他们在其领土内定居以及发给他们旅行证件或者暂时接纳他们到该国领土内,特别是为了便利他们在另一国家定居的目的,均应给予同情的考虑。
Chapter Ⅱ Juridical Status 

第二章 法律上地位

Article 12 Personal status   第十二条 个人身分
1.The personal status of a refugee shall be governed by the law of the country of his domicile or.if he has no domicile,by the law of the country of his residence. (一)难民的个人身分,应受其住所地国家的法律支配,如无住所,则受其居所地国家的法律支配。
2.Rights previously acquired by a refugee and dependent on personal status.more particularly rights attaching to marriage,shall be respected by a Contracting State,subject to compliance,if this be necessary,with the formalities required by the law of that State,provided that the right in question is one which would have been recognized by the law of that State had he not become a refugee. (二)难民以前由于个人身分而取得的权利,特别是关于婚姻的权利,应受到缔约一国的尊重,如必要时应遵守该国法律所要求的仪式,但以如果他不是难民该有关的权利亦被该国法律承认者为限。
Article 13 Movable and immovable property   第十三条 动产和不动产
The Contracting States shall accord to a refugee treatment as favourable as possible and,in any event,not less favourable than that accorded to Miens generally in the same circumstances.as regards the acquisition of movable and immovable property and other rights pertaining thereto,and to leases and other contracts relating to relating to movable and immovable property. 缔约各国在动产和不动产的取得及与此有关的其他权利,以及关于动产和不动产的租赁和其他契约方面,应给予难民尽可能优惠的待遇,无论如何,此项待遇不得低于在同样情况下给予一般外国人的待遇。
Article 14 Artistic rights and industrial property   第十四条 艺术权利和工业财产
In respect of the protection of industrial property,such as inventions,designs or models,trade marks,trade names,and of rights in literary,artistic,and scientific works,a refugee shall be accorded in the country in which he has his habitual residence the same protection as is accorded to nationals of that country.In the territory of any other Contracting State.he shall be accorded the Same protection as is accorded in that territory to nationals of the country in which he has his habitual residence.
......
 关于工业财产的保护,例如对发明、设计或模型、商标、商号名称、以及对文学、艺术、和科学作品的权利,难民在其经常居住的国家内,应给以该国国民所享有同样的保护。他在任何其他缔约国领土内,应给以他经常居住国家的国民所享有的同样保护。
......

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