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Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing by the People's Courts (for Trial Implementation) (2010) [Expired]
最高人民法院关于印发《人民法院量刑指导意见(试行)》的通知(2010) [失效]
【法宝引证码】

 
Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing by the People's Courts (for Trial Implementation) 

最高人民法院关于印发《人民法院量刑指导意见(试行)》通知


(No.36 [2010] of the Supreme People's Court)
 
(法发[2010]36号)


The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army; and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region:
 
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院,解放军军事法院,新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院:

“Regulating discretion and bringing sentencing into court proceedings” (hereinafter referred to as the “sentencing regulation reform”) is a major project of judicial reform as determined by the CPC Central Committee. The Supreme People's Court formulated the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing by the People's Courts (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as “Guiding Opinions on Sentencing”), and the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly formulated the Opinions on Several Issues concerning the Regulation of Sentencing Procedures (for Trial Implementation) (promulgated separately) in accordance with the overall plans made by the CPC Central Committee on deepening the reform of the judicial system and the work mechanism by conducting in-depth investigations, research and argumentation and extensively soliciting the opinions of various circles. Upon the trial implementation of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing in some courts across the country, remarkable achievements have been made and the conditions for all-round trial implementation in the courts across the country have been met, so we decided to do so from October 1, 2010. We hereby issue the Opinions to you to guide your sentencing work, and put forward the following opinions:
 
“规范裁量权,将量刑纳入法庭审理程序”(以下简称“量刑规范化改革”)是中央确定的重大司法改革项目。根据中央关于深化司法体制和工作机制改革的总体部署,经过深入调研论证,广泛征求各方面意见,最高人民法院制定了《人民法院量刑指导意见(试行)》(以下简称《量刑指导意见》),最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部和司法部联合制定了《关于规范量刑程序若干问题的意见(试行)》(另行印发)。《量刑指导意见》经过全国部分法院较长时间试点,成效明显,已经具备在全国法院全面试行的条件,决定从2010年10月1日起在全国法院全面试行。现印发给你们指导量刑工作,并提出以下意见:

 
I. Fully Realizing the Great Significance of the Sentencing Regulation Reform   一、充分认识量刑规范化改革的重大意义

The sentencing regulation reform is as an objective demand for the progress of rule of law and development of the times; it is also a new demand and new expectation of the people in the new era. The purpose of the reform is to unify the standards for the application of law, regulate discretion, strictly implement laws, accurately determine penalties, guarantee the case-handling quality, realize equity and justice, maintain social stability and promote social harmony. Promoting such reform is of great significance to improving the sentencing system and criminal litigation system, enhancing law enforcement and case-handling level, promoting the building of the socialist legal system, and realizing equity and justice in the whole society. The CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the sentencing regulation reform. Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Commission of Politics and Law of the CPC Central Committee greatly appreciated the achievements made in the sentencing regulation reform, and required the people's courts at all levels to regard the sentencing regulation reform as an important work for enhancing case-handling quality and level, take into consideration the trial actualities, specify the standards for enforcement, do a good job in providing training to judges, and earnestly organize the implementation of the reform. The people's courts at all levels shall have an in-depth understanding of the great significance of the sentencing regulation reform based on the overall situation, bring their thoughts and understanding in line with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, regard the sentencing regulation reform as a task of the present time and in the future, promote it in an active and steady manner so as to ensure that actual achievements be made.
 
量刑规范化改革是法治进步和时代发展的客观需要,是新时期人民群众的新要求新期待,主要目的在于统一法律适用标准,规范裁量权,严格执行法律,准确裁量刑罚,确保办案质量,实现公平正义,维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐。推行这项改革,对于完善量刑制度和刑事诉讼制度,提高执法办案水平,促进社会主义法治建设,保障在全社会实现公平正义,具有十分重要的意义。中央高度重视量刑规范化改革,中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康同志充分肯定了量刑规范化改革取得的成效,要求各级人民法院要把量刑规范化改革作为提高办案质量和水平的一项重要工作,结合审判实际,细化执行标准,搞好法官培训,精心组织实施。各级人民法院要从全局的高度深刻认识量刑规范化改革的重大意义,把思想认识统一到中央决策部署上来,把量刑规范化改革作为当前和今后长期的一项工作任务,积极稳妥地推进,确保取得成效。

 
II. Conducting Research and Formulating Detailed Implementing Rules   二、研究制定实施细则

The Guiding Opinions on Sentencing provide the general rules on the basic methods for sentencing, the application of common circumstances of sentencing, sentencing of common crimes, and other contents. All higher people's courts shall, in light of their local actualities, scientifically and reasonably substantiate the requirements according to law under the principles of standardization and practicality and complying with the trial actualities so as to guarantee that the detailed implementing rules are standardized, practical and feasible.
 
《量刑指导意见》对量刑的基本方法、常见量刑情节的适用、常见犯罪的量刑等内容作了原则性规定,各高级人民法院要结合当地实际,按照规范、实用、符合审判实际的原则要求,依法、科学、合理地进行细化,保证实施细则的规范性、实用性和可操作性。

 
III. Earnestly Organizing Study and Training   三、认真组织学习培训

The sentencing regulation reform changes traditional sentencing methods and sets new and higher requirements for the sentencing of the people's courts. All higher people's courts shall timely organize study and training, provide training to all criminal judges, enable all of them to understand the guidelines and specific contents of the sentencing regulation reform, master the basic methods and skills for sentencing, and guarantee the accurate trial implementation of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing.
 
量刑规范化改革改变了传统的量刑方法,对人民法院量刑工作提出了新的更高的要求。各高级人民法院要及时组织学习培训工作,培训到每一位刑事法官,让全体刑事法官都了解量刑规范化改革的基本思路和具体内容,掌握量刑的基本方法和技巧,确保《量刑指导意见》正确试行。

 
IV. All-round Trial Implementation of Sentencing Regulation   四、全面试行量刑规范化

The courts across the country began to conduct trial implementation of the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing in an all-round manner since October 1, 2010. The people's courts at all levels shall take the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing as the guide, unify the standards for the application of law, strictly handle cases according to law, and ensure sentencing equity and balance. You should timely solve the problems and difficulties encountered during the trial implementation of sentencing regulation, ensure its steady and orderly implementation, and constantly enhance the case-handling quality and level.
 
《量刑指导意见》从2010年10月1日起在全国法院全面试行。各级人民法院要以《量刑指导意见》为指导,统一法律适用标准,严格依法办案,确保量刑公正和均衡。要及时解决试行中遇到的问题和困难,确保量刑规范化工作平稳有序开展,不断提高办案质量和水平。

 
V. Timely Summarizing and Constantly Deepening the Sentencing Regulation Work   五、及时总结不断深化

The sentencing regulation reform, as a brand-new judicial activity, requires constant summarization and improvement. Various kinds of problems may be encountered during the trial implementation of the reform, and the courts in all localities shall timely study and solve them, and report the relevant information to this Court. This Court would conduct periodical investigation, research and summarization, improve the Guiding Opinions on Sentencing at a proper time, and constantly improve the sentencing regulation level.
 
量刑规范化改革是一项全新的司法活动,需要有一个不断总结完善的过程。在试行过程中,可能会遇到各种各样的问题,各地法院要及时研究解决,并将有关情况报告我院。我院将定期调研总结,适时对《量刑指导意见》进行完善,不断提高量刑规范化水平。

Supreme People's Court
 
最高人民法院

September 13, 2010
 
二0一0年九月十三日

Guiding Opinions on Sentencing by the People's Courts (for Trial Implementation)
 
人民法院量刑指导意见(试行)

To further regulate the discretion to impose penalties, carry out the criminal policy of combining leniency with rigidity, improve sentencing openness, realize the balance of sentencing, and maintain judicial justice, these Opinions are formulated according to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law and criminal judicial interpretations and in light of the trial practice.
 
为进一步规范刑罚裁量权,贯彻落实宽严相济的刑事政策,增强量刑的公开性,实现量刑均衡,维护司法公正,根据刑法和刑事司法解释的有关规定,结合审判实践,制定本意见。

 
I. Sentencing Guidelines   一、量刑的指导原则

 
1. In sentencing, the court shall take facts as the basis and the law as the criteria, and determine penalty in the sentence according to the facts, nature, circumstances and social harmfulness of the crime. 1、量刑应当以事实为根据,以法律为准绳,根据犯罪的事实、犯罪的性质、情节和对于社会的危害程度,决定判处的刑罚。

 
2. In sentencing, the court shall take into consideration both the seriousness of guilt and the criminal liability that shall be assumed by the defendant, ensure that the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, and realize the objective of imposing penalties and preventing crimes. 2、量刑既要考虑被告人所犯罪行的轻重,又要考虑被告人应负刑事责任的大小,做到罪责刑相适应,实现惩罚和预防犯罪的目的。

 
3. In sentencing, the court shall carry out the criminal policy of combining leniency with rigidity, give lenient sentences to those who deserve it, be severe when the actual circumstances so require, keep balance between leniency and rigidity and impose due penalties so as to guarantee the unification of the legal effects and social effects of judgments. 3、量刑应当贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,做到该宽则宽,当严则严,宽严相济,罚当其罪,确保裁判法律效果和社会效果的统一。

 
4. In sentencing, the court shall have an objective and comprehensive understanding of the economic and social situations and the public security situation of different time and different regions, and guarantee the realization of tasks on the implementation of the Criminal Law. The penalties given in the sentence of the cases involving similar circumstances in the same region during the same period shall be basically balanced. 4、量刑要客观、全面把握不同时期不同地区的经济社会发展和治安形势的变化,确保刑法任务的实现;对于同一地区同一时期,案情相近或相似的案件,所判处的刑罚应当基本均衡。

 
II. Basic Methods for Sentencing   二、量刑的基本方法

 
1. Sentencing Steps 1、量刑步骤

 
(1) determining the starting point for sentencing within the statutory range of penalty according to the basic criminal facts; (1)根据基本犯罪构成事实在相应的法定刑幅度内确定量刑起点;

 
(2) aggravating penalty and determining the benchmark penalty based on the starting point for sentencing according to the amount involved in a crime, times of crimes committed, criminal consequences and other criminal facts that affect the constitution of a crime; and (2)根据其他影响犯罪构成的犯罪数额、犯罪次数、犯罪后果等犯罪事实,在量刑起点的基础上增加刑罚量确定基准刑;

 
(3) making adjustments to the benchmark penalty according to the circumstances of sentencing, and legally determining the pronounced penalty by fully considering the situation of the whole case. (3)根据量刑情节调节基准刑,并综合考虑全案情况,依法确定宣告刑。

 
2. Methods for Making Adjustments to the Benchmark penalty According to Circumstances of Sentencing 2、量刑情节调节基准刑的方法

 
(1) Where there is one circumstance of sentencing, the court shall directly make adjustments to the benchmark penalty according to the proportion of adjustments made under the circumstances of sentencing. (1)具有单个量刑情节的,根据量刑情节的调节比例直接对基准刑进行调节。

 
(2) Where there are multiple circumstances of sentencing, the court shall determine the adjustment proportion of all circumstances of sentencing by adopting the method of increasing penalty for similar offences and alleviate penalty for positive behaviors, and based on the proportion of adjustments made under each circumstance of sentencing, and then make adjustments to the benchmark penalty. (2)具有多种量刑情节的,根据各个量刑情节的调节比例,采用同向相加、逆向相减的方法确定全部量刑情节的调节比例,再对基准刑进行调节。

 
(3) Where there are such circumstances of sentencing as juvenile offences, offences of mentally ill persons with limited capacity for civil conduct, offences of deaf-mute or blind persons, unjustified self-defense, avoidance of danger beyond necessity, preparation for a crime, criminal attempt, discontinuance of a crime, offences of an accessory, coerced accomplice, instigator, etc. as prescribed by the General Principles of the Criminal Law, the court shall adjust the benchmark penalty under such circumstances of sentencing, and then make adjustments under other circumstances of sentencing on such basis. (3)对于具有刑法总则规定的未成年人犯罪、限制行为能力的精神病人犯罪、又聋又哑的人或者盲人犯罪、防卫过当、避险过当、犯罪预备、犯罪未遂、犯罪中止、从犯、胁从犯和教唆犯等量刑情节的,先用该量刑情节对基准刑进行调节,在此基础上,再用其他量刑情节进行调节。

 
(4) Where the defendant commits several crimes, and falls under such circumstances of sentencing as voluntary surrender and recidivism applicable to each crime, the court shall make adjustments to the benchmark penalty for each crime under each circumstance of sentencing, determine the penalty that shall be sentenced for each crime, impose on joinder penalties for plural crimes according to law, and then determine the penalty to be executed. (4)被告人犯数罪,同时具有适用各个罪的立功、累犯等量刑情节的,先用各个量刑情节调节个罪的基准刑,确定个罪所应判处的刑罚,再依法实行数罪并罚,决定执行的刑罚。

 
(5) No repetitive evaluation shall be given where the same fact involves different circumstances of sentencing. (5)对于同一事实涉及不同量刑情节时,不重复评价。

 
3. Methods for Determining the Pronounced Penalty 3、确定宣告刑的方法

 
(1) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing falls under the range of statutory penalty, and the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, the benchmark penalty adjusted may be directly determined as the pronounced penalty. Where there are circumstances under which a mitigated penalty shall be given, a penalty lighter than the minimum statutory penalty shall be determined as the pronounced penalty according to law. (1)量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定刑幅度内,且罪责刑相适应的,可以直接确定为宣告刑;如果具有应当减轻处罚情节的,依法在法定最低刑以下确定宣告刑。

 
(2) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing is lighter than the minimum statutory penalty, there are circumstances under which a mitigated penalty shall be given, and the severity of penalty is consistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed, the benchmark penalty adjusted may be directly determined as the pronounced penalty. Where there are only circumstances under which a lighter penalty shall be given, the minimum statutory penalty may be determined as the pronounced penalty. (2)量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定最低刑以下,具有减轻处罚情节,且罪责刑相适应的,可以直接确定为宣告刑;只有从轻处罚情节的,可以确定法定最低刑为宣告刑。

 
(3) Where the result of adjustments to the benchmark penalty made according to the circumstances of sentencing is heavier than the maximum statutory penalty, the maximum statutory penalty may be determined as the pronounced penalty. (3)量刑情节对基准刑的调节结果在法定最高刑以上的,可以法定最高刑为宣告刑。

 
(4) The sole judge or collegiate panel may make adjustments within a range of 10% according to the specific circumstances of a case, and if the severity of penalty is still inconsistent with the crime committed and criminal liability assumed after adjustment, the judge or panel may submit the case to the judicial committee for discussion and determine the pronounced penalty. (4)根据案件的具体情况,独任审判员或合议庭可以在10%的幅度内进行调整,调整后的结果仍然罪责刑不相适应的,提交审判委员会讨论决定宣告刑。

 
(5) Where the offender shall be sentenced to detention, public surveillance, accessory penalty only, or life imprisonment or a heavier penalty by fully considering the criminal facts of the whole case and the circumstances of sentencing, the relevant laws shall apply. (5)综合全案犯罪事实和量刑情节,依法应当判处拘役、管制或者单处附加刑,或者无期徒刑以上刑罚的,应当依法适用。

 
(6) Where the pronounced penalty is fixed-term imprisonment of less than three years or detention, and the offender meets the prescribed conditions for reprieve, reprieve may be pronounced according to law. Where the criminal circumstances are minor and the penalty is not necessary, the offender may be exempted from criminal penalty.
......
 (6)宣告刑为三年以下有期徒刑、拘役并符合缓刑适用条件的,可以依法宣告缓刑;犯罪情节轻微,不需要判处刑罚的,可以免予刑事处罚。
......

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