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Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国人民法院组织法 |
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1, 1979; promulgated by Order No.3 of the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 5, 1979, and effective as of January 1, 1980) | | (1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 1979年7月5日全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长令第三号公布 1980年1月1日起施行) |
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Chapter 1: General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
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Article 1 The people's courts of the People's Republic of China are the judicial organs of the state. | | 第一条 中华人民共和国人民法院是国家的审判机关。 |
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Article 2 The judicial authority of the People's Republic of China shall be exercised by the following people's courts: | | 第二条 中华人民共和国的审判权由下列人民法院行使: |
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(1) local people's courts at various levels; | | (一)地方各级人民法院; |
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(2) special people's courts; and | | (二)专门人民法院; |
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(3) the Supreme People's Court. | | (三)最高人民法院。 |
The local people's courts at various levels shall be divided into: basic people's courts, intermediate people's courts and higher people's courts. | | 地方各级人民法院分为:基层人民法院、中级人民法院、高级人民法院。 |
The special people's courts shall include: military courts, railway transport courts, water transport courts, forest affairs courts and other special courts. | | 专门人民法院包括:军事法院、铁路运输法院、水上运输法院、森林法院、其他专门法院。 |
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Article 3 The task of the people's courts shall be to try criminal and civil cases and, through judicial activities, to punish all criminals and settle civil disputes, so as to safeguard the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat; maintain the socialist legal system and public order; protect socialist property owned by the whole people, collective property owned by working people and the legitimate private property of citizens; protect the citizens' right of the person and their democratic and other rights; and ensure the smooth progress of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in the country. | | 第三条 人民法院的任务是审判刑事案件和民事案件,并且通过审判活动,惩办一切犯罪分子,解决民事纠纷,以保卫无产阶级专政制度,维护社会主义法制和社会秩序,保护社会主义的全民所有的财产、劳动群众集体所有的财产,保护公民私人所有的合法财产,保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,保障国家的社会主义革命和社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。 |
The people's courts, in all their activities, shall educate citizens in loyalty to their socialist motherland and voluntary observance of the Constitution and the law. | | 人民法院用它的全部活动教育公民忠于社会主义祖国,自觉地遵守宪法和法律。 |
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Article 4The people's courts shall administer justice independently, subject only to the law. | | 第四条 人民法院独立进行审判,只服从法律。 |
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Article 5 In judicial proceedings in the people's courts, the law shall be applied equally to all citizens, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence. No privilege whatsoever shall be allowed. | | 第五条 人民法院审判案件,对于一切公民,不分民族、种族、性别、职业、社会出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限,在适用法律上一律平等,不允许有任何特权。 |
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Article 6 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in court proceedings. The people's courts shall provide translations for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used in the locality. In an area where people of a minority nationality live in concentrated communities or where a number of minority nationalities live together, the people's courts shall conduct hearings in the language or languages commonly used in the locality and issue judgments, notices and other documents in the language or languages commonly used in the locality. | | 第六条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。人民法院对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的当事人,应当为他们翻译。在少数民族聚居或者多民族杂居的地区,人民法院应当用当地通用的语言进行审讯,用当地通用的文字发布判决书、布告和其他文件。 |
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Article 7 Cases in the people's courts shall be heard in public, except for those involving state secrets, private affairs of individuals and crimes by minors. | | 第七条 人民法院审理案件,除涉及国家机密、个人阴私和未成年人犯罪案件外,一律公开进行。 |
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Article 8 The accused shall have the right to defense. In addition to defend himself, the accused shall have the right to delegate a lawyer to defend him. He may also be defended by a citizen recommended by a people's organization or his place of employment, by a citizen approved by the people's court, or by a near relative or guardian. The people's court may also, if it deems it necessary, appoint a counsel to defend him. | | 第八条 被告人有权获得辩护。被告人除自己进行辩护外,有权委托律师为他辩护,可以由人民团体或者被告人所在单位推荐的或者经人民法院许可的公民为他辩护,可以由被告人的近亲属、监护人为他辩护。人民法院认为必要的时候,可以指定辩护人为他辩护。 |
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Article 9 The people's courts shall adopt a system of people's assessors in cases of first instance, with the exception of simple civil cases, minor criminal cases and cases otherwise provided for by law. | | 第九条 人民法院审判第一审案件实行人民陪审员陪审的制度,但是简单的民事案件、轻微的刑事案件和法律另有规定的案件除外。 |
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Article 10 The people's courts shall adopt the collegial system in the administration of justice. | | 第十条 人民法院审判案件,实行合议制。 |
Cases of first instance in the people's courts shall be tried by a collegial panel of judges and people's assessors, with the exception of simple civil cases, minor criminal cases and cases otherwise provided for by law. | | 人民法院审判第一审案件,由审判员和人民陪审员组成合议庭进行,但是简单的民事案件、轻微的刑事案件和法律另有规定的案件除外。 |
Appealed or protested cases in the people's courts shall be handled by a collegial panel of judges. | | 人民法院审判上诉和抗诉的案件,由审判员组成合议庭进行。 |
The president of the court or the chief judge of a division shall appoint one of the judges to act as the presiding judge of the collegial panel. If the president of the court or the chief judge of a division participates in the judicial proceedings, he shall act as the presiding judge. | | 合议庭由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任审判长。院长或者庭长参加审判案件的时候,自己担任审判长。 |
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Article 11 People's courts at all levels shall set up judicial committees which shall practice democratic centralism. The task of the judicial committees shall be to sum up judicial experience and to discuss important or difficult cases and other issues relating to the judicial work. | | 第十一条 各级人民法院设立审判委员会,实行民主集中制。审判委员会的任务是总结审判经验,讨论重大的或者疑难的案件和其他有关审判工作的问题。 |
Members of the judicial committees of local people's courts at various levels shall be appointed and removed by the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels, upon the recommendation of the presidents of those courts. Members of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court shall be appointed and removed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, upon the recommendation of the President of the Supreme People's Court. | | 地方各级人民法院审判委员会委员,由院长提请本级人民代表大会常务委员会任免;最高人民法院审判委员会委员,由最高人民法院院长提请全国人民代表大会常务委员会任免。 |
The presidents of the people's courts shall preside over meetings of the judicial committees of the people's courts at all levels; the chief procurators of the people's procuratorates at the corresponding levels may attend such meetings but without voting rights. | | 各级人民法院审判委员会会议由院长主持,本级人民检察院检察长可以列席。 |
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Article 12 In the administration of justice, the people's courts shall adopt the system whereby the second instance is the last instance. | | 第十二条 人民法院审判案件,实行两审终审制。 |
After a judgment or orders of first instance of a local people's court, a party may appeal to the people's court at the next higher level in accordance with procedures prescribed by law, and the people's procuratorate may present a protest to the people's court at the next higher level in accordance with procedures prescribed by law. | | 地方各级人民法院第一审案件的判决和裁定,当事人可以按照法律规定的程序向上一级人民法院上诉,人民检察院可以按照法律规定的程序向上一级人民法院抗诉。 |
Judgments and orders of first instance of local people's courts at various levels shall become legally effective if within the period for appeal no party has appealed and the procuratorate has not protested. | | 地方各级人民法院第一审案件的判决和裁定,如果在上诉期限内当事人不上诉、人民检察院不抗诉,就是发生法律效力的判决和裁定。 |
Judgments and orders of second instance of intermediate courts, higher people's courts and the Supreme People's Court as well as judgments and orders of first instance of the Supreme People's Court shall be judgments and orders of last instance, that is, legally effective judgments and orders. | | 中级人民法院、高级人民法院和最高人民法院审判的第二审案件的判决和裁定,最高人民法院审判的第一审案件的判决和裁定,都是终审的判决和裁定,也就是发生法律效力的判决和裁定。 |
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Article 13 Cases involving death sentences shall be tried or approved by the Supreme People's Court. The procedure for review of death sentences shall comply with the provisions of Chapter IV, Part Three of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. | | 第十三条 死刑案件由最高人民法院判决或者核准。死刑案件的复核程序按照中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法第三编第四章的规定办理。 |
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Article 14 If the president of a people's court finds, in a legally effective judgment or order of his court, some definite error in the determination of facts or application of law, he must submit the judgment or order to the judicial committee for disposal. | | 第十四条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现在认定事实上或者在适用法律上确有错误,必须提交审判委员会处理。 |
If the Supreme People's Court finds a definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, or if a people's court at a higher level finds such an error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, they have the authority to review the cases themselves or to direct the lower-level people's court to conduct a retrial. | | 最高人民法院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现确有错误,有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。 |
If the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds a definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of any people's court, or if a people's procuratorate at a higher level finds such an error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at any lower level, they have the authority to lodge a protest in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision. | | 最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定,如果发现确有错误,有权按照审判监督程序提出抗诉。 |
People's courts at all levels shall be held responsible for seriously handling any petition lodged by a party to a case against a legally effective judgment or order. | | 各级人民法院对于当事人提出的对已经发生法律效力的判决和裁定的申诉,应当认真负责处理。 |
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Article 15 If a people's court finds that the principal facts of a case in which a people's procuratorate has initiated a public prosecution are not clear and the evidence is insufficient, or there are illegalities in the prosecution, the court may remand the case to the people's procuratorate for supplementary investigation or notify the people's procuratorate to rectify the matter. | | 第十五条 人民法院对于人民检察院起诉的案件认为主要事实不清、证据不足,或者有违法情况时,可以退回人民检察院补充侦查,或者通知人民检察院纠正。 |
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Article 16 If a party to a case believes that a member of the judicial personnel has a personal interest in the case or for any other reason cannot administer justice impartially, he has the right to ask that member to withdraw. The president of the court shall decide whether or not the member should withdraw. | | 第十六条 当事人如果认为审判人员对本案有利害关系或者其他关系不能公平审判,有权请求审判人员回避。审判人员是否应当回避,由本院院长决定。 |
If a member of the judicial personnel believes that he should withdraw because he has a personal interest in the case or for any other reason, he should report the matter to the president of the court for decision. | | 审判人员如果认为自己对本案有利害关系或者其他关系,需要回避时,应当报告本院院长决定。 |
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Article 17 The Supreme People's Court shall be responsible and report on its work to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Local people's courts shall be responsible and report on their work to the local people's congresses at corresponding levels and their standing committees. | | 第十七条 最高人民法院对全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责并报告工作。地方各级人民法院对本级人民代表大会及其常务委员会负责并报告工作。 |
The judicial work of people's courts at lower levels shall be subject to supervision by the people's courts at higher levels. | | 下级人民法院的审判工作受上级人民法院监督。 |
The judicial administrative work of the people's courts at various levels shall be directed by the judicial administrative organs. | | 各级人民法院的司法行政工作由司法行政机关管理。 |
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Chapter 2: Organization, Functions and Powers of the People's Courts | | 第二章 人民法院的组织和职权 |
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Article 18 The basic people's courts shall include: | | 第十八条 基层人民法院包括: |
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(1) county people's courts and municipal people's courts; | | (一)县人民法院和市人民法院; |
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(2) people's courts of autonomous counties; and | | (二)自治县人民法院; |
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(3) people's courts of municipal districts. | | (三)市辖区人民法院。 |
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Article 19 A basic people's court shall be composed of a president, vice-presidents and judges. | | 第十九条 基层人民法院由院长一人,副院长和审判员若干人组成。 |
A basic people's court may set up a criminal division and a civil division, each with a chief judge and associate chief judges. | | 基层人民法院可以设刑事审判庭和民事审判庭,庭设庭长、副庭长。 |
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Article 20A basic people's court may set up a number of people's tribunals according to local conditions, population and cases. A people's tribunal shall be a component part of the basic people's court, and its judgments and orders shall be judgments and orders of the basic people's court. | | 第二十条 基层人民法院根据地区、人口和案件情况可以设立若干人民法庭。人民法庭是基层人民法院的组成部分,它的判决和裁定就是基层人民法院的判决和裁定。 |
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Article 21 Except for cases otherwise provided for by laws or decrees, a basic people's court shall adjudicate criminal and civil cases of first instance. | | 第二十一条 基层人民法院审判刑事和民事的第一审案件,但是法律、法令另有规定的案件除外。 |
If a basic people's court considers that a criminal or civil case it is handling is of major importance and requires trial by a people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to that court for trial. | | 基层人民法院对它所受理的刑事和民事案件,认为案情重大应当由上级人民法院审判的时候,可以请求移送上级人民法院审判。 |
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Article 22 In addition to trying cases, a basic people's court shall undertake the following tasks: | | 第二十二条 基层人民法院除审判案件外,并且办理下列事项: |
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(1) to settle civil disputes and handle minor criminal cases not requiring trials; | | (一)处理不需要开庭审判的民事纠纷和轻微的刑事案件; |
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(2) to direct the work of people's mediation committees and the judicial assistants of people's communes; and | | (二)指导人民调解委员会和人民公社司法助理员的工作; |
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(3) to direct the judicial administrative work within the scope of authority given by higher judicial administrative organs. | | (三)在上级司法行政机关授予的职权范围内管理司法行政工作。 |
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Article 23 The intermediate people's courts shall include: | | 第二十三条 中级人民法院包括: |
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(1) intermediate people's courts established in prefectures of a province or autonomous region; | | (一)在省、自治区内按地区设立的中级人民法院; |
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(2) intermediate people's courts established in municipalities directly under the Central Government; | | (二)在直辖市内设立的中级人民法院; |
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(3) intermediate people's courts of municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of a province or autonomous region; and | | (三)省、自治区辖市的中级人民法院; |
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(4) intermediate people's courts of autonomous prefectures. | | (四)自治州中级人民法院。 |
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Article 24 An intermediate people's court shall be composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges. | | 第二十四条 中级人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。 |
Each intermediate people's court shall set up a criminal division and a civil division, and such other divisions as are deemed necessary. | | 中级人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭,根据需要可以设其他审判庭。 |
Each intermediate people's court of a municipality directly under the Central Government and each intermediate people's court of a municipality under the jurisdiction of a province or autonomous region shall set up an economic division. | | 直辖市的中级人民法院和省、自治区辖的市中级人民法院应设经济审判庭。 |
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Article 25 The intermediate people's courts shall handle the following cases: | | 第二十五条 中级人民法院审判下列案件: |
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(1) cases of first instance assigned by laws and decrees to their jurisdiction; | | (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的第一审案件; |
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(2) cases of first instance transferred from the basic people's courts; | | (二)基层人民法院移送审判的第一审案件; |
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(3) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of the basic people's courts; and | | (三)对基层人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件; |
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(4) cases of protests lodged by the people's procuratorates in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision. | | (四)人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。 |
If an intermediate people's court considers that a criminal or civil case it is handling is of major importance and requires trial by the people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to that court for trial. | | 中级人民法院对它所受理的刑事和民事案件,认为案情重大应当由上级人民法院审判的时候,可以请求移送上级人民法院审判。 |
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Article 26 The higher people's courts shall include: | | 第二十六条 高级人民法院包括: |
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(1) higher people's courts of provinces; | | (一)省高级人民法院; |
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(2) higher people's courts of autonomous regions; and | | (二)自治区高级人民法院; |
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(3) higher people's courts of municipalities directly under the Central Government. | | (三)直辖市高级人民法院。 |
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Article 27 A higher people's court shall be composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges. | | 第二十七条 高级人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。 |
Each higher people's court shall set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division and may set up other divisions as necessary. | | 高级人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、经济审判庭,根据需要可以设其他审判庭。 |
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Article 28 The higher people's courts shall handle the following cases: | | 第二十八条 高级人民法院审判下列案件: |
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(1) cases of first instance assigned by laws and decrees to their jurisdiction; | | (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的第一审案件; |
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(2) cases of first instance transferred from people's courts at lower levels; | | (二)下级人民法院移送审判的第一审案件; |
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(3) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of people's courts at lower levels; and | | (三)对下级人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件; |
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(4) cases of protests lodged by people's procuratorates in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision. | | (四)人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。 |
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Article 29 The organization, functions and powers of the special people's courts shall be prescribed separately by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. | | 第二十九条 专门人民法院的组织和职权由全国人民代表大会常务委员会另行规定。 |
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Article 30 The Supreme People's Court shall be the highest judicial organ of the state. | | 第三十条 最高人民法院是国家最高审判机关。 |
The Supreme People's Court shall supervise the administration of justice by the local people's courts at various levels and by the special people's courts. | | 最高人民法院监督地方各级人民法院和专门人民法院的审判工作。 |
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Article 31 The Supreme People's Court shall be composed of a president, vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges. | | 第三十一条 最高人民法院由院长一人,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员若干人组成。 |
The Supreme People's Court shall set up a criminal division, a civil division and an economic division and may set up other divisions as necessary. | | 最高人民法院设刑事审判庭、民事审判庭、经济审判庭和其他需要设的审判庭。 |
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Article 32 The Supreme People's Court shall handle the following cases: | | 第三十二条 最高人民法院审判下列案件: |
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(1) cases of first instance which are assigned by laws and decrees to its jurisdiction or which it deems it should try; | | (一)法律、法令规定由它管辖的和它认为应当由自己审判的第一审案件; |
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(2) cases of appeals and of protests lodged against judgments and orders of higher people's courts and special people's courts; and | | (二)对高级人民法院、专门人民法院判决和裁定的上诉案件和抗诉案件; |
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(3) cases of protests lodged by the Supreme People's Procuratorate in accordance with the procedures of judicial supervision. | | (三)最高人民检察院按照审判监督程序提出的抗诉案件。 |
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Article 33 The Supreme People's Court shall give interpretation of questions concerning specific applications of laws and decrees in judicial proceedings. | | 第三十三条 最高人民法院对于在审判过程中如何具体应用法律、法令的问题,进行解释。 |
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Chapter 3: Judicial and Other Personnel of the People's Courts | | 第三章 人民法院的审判人员和其他人员 |
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Article 34 Citizens who have the right to vote and stand for election and have reached the age of 23 shall be eligible to be elected presidents of people's courts or appointed its vice-presidents, chief judges or associate chief judges of divisions, judges or assistant judges; however, persons who have once been deprived of political rights shall be excluded. | | 第三十四条 有选举权和被选举权的年满二十三岁的公民,可以被选举为人民法院院长,或者被任命为副院长、庭长、副庭长、审判员和助理审判员,但是被剥夺过政治权利的人除外。 |
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Article 35 Presidents of local people's courts at various levels shall be elected by the local people's congresses at the corresponding levels, and their vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges shall be appointed and removed by the standing committees of the local people's congresses at the corresponding levels. | | 第三十五条 地方各级人民法院院长由地方各级人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会任免。 |
Presidents of intermediate people's courts established in prefectures of provinces or in municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be elected by the people's congresses of the provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and their vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges shall be appointed and removed by the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. | | 在省内按地区设立的和在直辖市内设立的中级人民法院院长,由省、直辖市人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由省、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会任免。 |
Presidents of local people's courts at various levels established in national autonomous areas shall be elected by local people's congresses at the corresponding levels in these areas, and their vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges shall be appointed or removed by the standing committees of local people's congresses at the corresponding levels in these areas. | | 在民族自治地方设立的地方各级人民法院的院长,由民族自治地方各级人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长和审判员由民族自治地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会任免。 |
The President of the Supreme People's Court shall be elected by the National People's Congress, and its vice-presidents, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions, and judges shall be appointed or removed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. | | 最高人民法院院长由全国人民代表大会选举,副院长、庭长、副庭长、审判员由全国人民代表大会常务委员会任免。 |
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Article 36 The term of office of presidents of people's courts at all levels shall be the same as that of the people's congresses at corresponding levels. | | 第三十六条 各级人民法院院长任期与本级人民代表大会每届任期相同。 |
People's congresses at all levels have the power to remove from office the presidents of the people's courts whom they have elected. If the standing committee of a people's congress deems it necessary to replace the president of a local people's court at the corresponding level when the congress is not in session, it shall report the matter to the people's court at the next higher level for submission to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for approval. | | 各级人民代表大会有权罢免由它选出的人民法院院长。在地方两次人民代表大会之间,如果本级人民代表大会常务委员会认为人民法院院长需要撤换,须报请上级人民法院报经上级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。 |
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Article 37 People's courts at all levels may, according to their needs, be staffed with assistant judges, who shall be appointed or removed by the judicial administrative organs. | | 第三十七条 各级人民法院按照需要可以设助理审判员,由司法行政机关任免。 |
Assistant judges shall help judges in their work. An assistant judge may provisionally exercise the functions of a judge, if so recommended by the president of the court and approved by the judicial committee. | | 助理审判员协助审判员进行工作。助理审判员,由本院院长提出,经审判委员会通过,可以临时代行审判员职务。 |
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Article 38 Citizens who have the right to vote and stand for election and have reached the age of 23 shall be eligible to be elected people's assessors; however, persons who have once been deprived of political rights shall be excluded. | | 第三十八条 有选举权和被选举权的年满二十三岁的公民,可以被选举为人民陪审员,但是被剥夺过政治权利的人除外。 |
During the period of the exercise of their functions in the people's courts, the people's assessors shall be members of the court divisions in which they participate and shall enjoy equal rights with the judges. | | 人民陪审员在人民法院执行职务期间,是他所参加的审判庭的组成人员,同审判员有同等权利。 |
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Article 39 During the period of the exercise of their functions, the people's assessors shall continue to receive wages as usual from their regular places of employment; people's assessors who are not wage-earning shall be given reasonable allowances by the people's courts. | | 第三十九条 人民陪审员在执行职务期间,由原工作单位照付工资;没有工资收入的,由人民法院给以适当的补助。 |
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Article 40 People's courts at all levels shall have clerks to keep records of the court proceedings and to take charge of other matters concerning the trials. | | 第四十条 各级人民法院设书记员,担任审判庭的记录工作并办理有关审判的其他事项。 |
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Article 41 Local people's courts at various levels shall have marshals to execute judgments and orders in civil cases and, in criminal cases, the parts of judgments and orders concerned with property. | | 第四十一条 地方各级人民法院设执行员,办理民事案件判决和裁定的执行事项,办理刑事案件判决和裁定中关于财产部分的执行事项。 |
Local people's courts at various levels shall have forensic physicians. | | 地方各级人民法院设法医。 |
People's courts at all levels shall have a certain number of judicial policemen. | | 各级人民法院设司法警察若干人。 |
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Article 42 The establishment of people's courts at all levels and their authorized number of personnel and administrative offices shall be separately stipulated by the judicial administrative organs. | | 第四十二条 各级人民法院的设置、人员编制和办公机构由司法行政机关另行规定。 |
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