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| The Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases Involving the Authorization and Determination of Trademark Rights | | 最高人民法院印发《关于审理商标授权确权行政案件若干问题的意见》的通知 |
(No.12 [2010] of the Supreme People's Court) | |
（法发〔2010〕12号） |
The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army,and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region: | |
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院： |
The Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases Involving the Authorization and Determination of Trademark Rights are hereby issued to you for your earnest compliance and implementation. | |
现将最高人民法院《关于审理商标授权确权行政案件若干问题的意见》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。 |
April 20, 2010 | |
二○一○年四月二十日 |
Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases Involving the Authorization and Determination of Trademark Rights | |
最高人民法院关于审理商标授权确权行政案件若干问题的意见 |
Since the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China came into force on December 1, 2001, the people's courts started accepting and hearing cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights as brought by the interested parties for the review of rejection of trademark registration applications, review of objections against trademarks, review of trademark disputes, review of cancellation of trademarks and other specific administrative acts made by the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, have actively explored issues concerning the application of law in the trial of these cases, and have accumulated a lot of judicial experiences. To better try administrative cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights, further summarize judicial experiences, and clarify and unify the standards for hearing such cases, the Supreme People's Court held many symposiums and launched many investigation and research activities to hear advices from the relevant courts, departments, experts and scholars, and have researched on and summarized the application of law in the trial of administrative cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights. Based thereon, and according to the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China, the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, the Supreme People's Court presents the following opinions in light of the actual situations of the adjudicative work: | |
自2001年12月1日全国人民代表大会常务委员会《关于修改〈中华人民共和国商标法〉的决定》施行以来，人民法院开始依法受理和审理利害关系人诉国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会作出的商标驳回复审、商标异议复审、商标争议、商标撤销复审等具体行政行为的商标授权确权行政案件，对相关法律适用问题进行了积极探索，积累了较为丰富的审判经验。为了更好地审理商标授权确权行政案件，进一步总结审判经验，明确和统一审理标准，最高人民法院先后召开多次专题会议和进行专题调研，广泛听取相关法院、相关部门和专家学者的意见，对于审理商标授权确权行政案件中的法律适用问题进行了研究和总结。在此基础上，根据《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》等法律规定，结合审判实际，对审理此类案件提出如下意见： |
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| 1. In the trial of administrative cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights, if the disputed trademark has not been put into extensive use, in examining the conditions for the authorization and determination of trademark rights such as trademark proximity and similarity and in handling the conflicts with prior trademarks, the people's courts shall strictly stick to the standards for the authorization and determination of trademark rights, fully consider the interests of consumers and business operators in the same sector, effectively control malicious registration behaviors, pay attention to protecting the rights and interests of prior trademarks, enterprise names and other trademarks which are relatively famous and prominent to other people, and do their best to eliminate the possibility of confusion of trademarks. For disputed trademarks which have been put into use for a relatively long period of time, have established relatively high reputation in the market and have formed a relevant public group, the people's courts shall accurately apply the legislative spirit of the Trademark Law with regard to keeping balance between protecting the rights and interests of prior trademarks and maintaining market order, fully respect the fact that the relevant public has distinguished them from other trademarks, and maintain the established stable market order. | | 1、人民法院在审理商标授权确权行政案件时，对于尚未大量投入使用的诉争商标，在审查判断商标近似和商品类似等授权确权条件及处理与在先商业标志冲突上，可依法适当从严掌握商标授权确权的标准，充分考虑消费者和同业经营者的利益，有效遏制不正当抢注行为，注重对于他人具有较高知名度和较强显著性的在先商标、企业名称等商业标志权益的保护，尽可能消除商业标志混淆的可能性；对于使用时间较长、已建立较高市场声誉和形成相关公众群体的诉争商标，应当准确把握商标法有关保护在先商业标志权益与维护市场秩序相协调的立法精神，充分尊重相关公众已在客观上将相关商业标志区别开来的市场实际，注重维护已经形成和稳定的市场秩序。 |
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| 2. In practice, some marks or the elements thereof may have somewhat been exaggerated but the relevant public is not likely to be misled based on their life experiences or common senses. In this case, the people's courts shall not determine them as marks that constitute exaggerated advertising and are deceitful. | | 2、实践中，有些标志或者其构成要素虽有夸大成分，但根据日常生活经验或者相关公众的通常认识等并不足以引人误解。对于这种情形，人民法院不宜将其认定为夸大宣传并带有欺骗性的标志。 |
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| 3. In judging whether a mark has any other adverse effect, a people's court shall consider whether the mark or any of its elements is possible to cause any negative effect on political, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic and other public interests or the public order. If a mark would only damage certain civil rights and interests after it is registered, since the Trademark Law has provided the remedy measures and the corresponding procedures, it is not appropriate to decide that the mark has any other adverse effect. | | 3、人民法院在审查判断有关标志是否构成具有其他不良影响的情形时，应当考虑该标志或者其构成要素是否可能对我国政治、经济、文化、宗教、民族等社会公共利益和公共秩序产生消极、负面影响。如果有关标志的注册仅损害特定民事权益，由于商标法已经另行规定了救济方式和相应程序，不宜认定其属于具有其他不良影响的情形。 |
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| 4. According to the Trademark Law, generally, the name of a place in an administrative division at or above the county level or the name of a well-known place in a foreign country may not be registered or used as a trademark. In practice, some trademarks are composed of place names and other elements. In this case, if the addition of other elements endows the trademark with distinctive characteristics, and as a result the trademark no longer has the implication of the place name or at least the place name does not constitute the major contents of the trademark, a people's court may not decide the trademark as one whose registration is forbidden on the ground that it contains the name of a place in an administrative division at or above the county level or the name of a well-known place in a foreign country. | | 4、根据商标法的规定，县级以上行政区划的地名或者公众知晓的外国地名一般不得作为商标注册和使用。实践中，有些商标由地名和其他要素组成，在这种情形下，如果商标因有其他要素的加入，在整体上具有显著特征，而不再具有地名含义或者不以地名为主要含义的，就不宜因其含有县级以上行政区划的地名或者公众知晓的外国地名，而认定其属于不得注册的商标。 |
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| 5. In the trial of administrative cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights, the people's courts shall decide whether the disputed trademark has distinctive characteristics as a whole based on the common sense of the relevant public of goods which are required to use the trademark. If the descriptive element contained in a trademark does not affect the trademark's distinctiveness or if the descriptive element is manifested in a unique way and the relevant public is able to identify the source of goods based on the element, the people's court shall decide that the trademark has distinctive characteristics. | | 5、人民法院在审理商标授权确权行政案件时，应当根据诉争商标指定使用商品的相关公众的通常认识，从整体上对商标是否具有显著特征进行审查判断。标志中含有的描述性要素不影响商标整体上具有显著特征的，或者描述性标志是以独特方式进行表现，相关公众能够以其识别商品来源的，应当认定其具有显著特征。 |
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6. In the trial of administrative cases about the authorization and determination of trademark rights, the people's courts shall decide whether a disputed trademark in a foreign language has distinctive characteristics based on the common sense of the relevant public in China. If the foreign words in a disputed trademark have fixed meanings but do not affect the relevant public's identification of the source of goods, the distinctive characteristics of the trademark shall be confirmed.
．．．．．． | | 6、人民法院在审理商标授权确权行政案件时，应当根据中国境内相关公众的通常认识，审查判断诉争外文商标是否具有显著特征。诉争标志中的外文虽有固有含义，但相关公众能够以该标志识别商品来源的，不影响对其显著特征的认定。
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